The document provides an overview of networking fundamentals, including types of networks, the OSI model, and addressing techniques such as MAC and IPv4. It details various computer network types, including LAN, WAN, MAN, and intranet, highlighting their characteristics and functions. Additionally, the document emphasizes the importance of networking for communication, resource sharing, and security in interconnected devices.

1. Networking Fundamentals

2.  Introduction to Networking, Network Types
 OSI Model, Traffic flow within each layer
 MAC Addressing, IPv4 Addressing, Subnetting, Public-Private IP addressing
 Introduction to TCP & UDP
 DNS, DNS Queries, DNS Flow, DNS Records
 DHCP-DORA Process

3. Network:
o A network is a collection of Computers connected together to share data.
o The connectivity of two or more computers with each other to share data.
o Network consists of two or more computers that linked in order to share resources.
o Such as printers & CDs, exchange files, or allow electronic communications each other.
o Computers on network may be linked through cables, wireless, satellites, or Bluetooth.

4. Networking
 Networking is a process of communication between the interconnected devices.
 Networking basically allows us to share data, resources and store data and info.
 Networking provides us platform to communicate with other users in network.
 It allows multiple users to work on a single project & implement security policies.
 Networking allows us to track and monitor the use of resources and all end users.
 Networking is basically concept of designing a network, how device communicate.
 Overall designing, installation and configuration of a network is called Networking.

5. Types of Computer Network
 Computer network can be categorized based on geographical location & characteristic.
 Computer network is group of computers linked to each other that enables communicate.
 A computer network can be categorized by their size, Locations and characteristics etc.
 Computer Networks categorize them according to their size as well as their purpose.
 The Network allows computers to connect & communicate with different computers.
 LAN, MAN and WAN are the three major types of the network designed to operate.
 But there are many other types of computer network such as PAN, DAN, CAN, MAN etc.

6. LAN (Local Area Network)
 A LAN is a computer network which spans over a small geographical area.
 A LAN is a network whose computers are located relatively near one another.
 Example of Local Area network are such as home, building, office, school etc.
 Data transmits at a very fast rate as the number of computers linked are limited.

7. WAN (Wide Area Network)
 WAN is a computer network which spans over a large geographical area.
 Example of Wide Area Network (WAN) such as state, region, country etc.
 Wide Area Network are typically used to connect two or more LANs or MANs.
 To provide connectivity, this network uses special devices, cables and technologies.

8. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
 A network spanning a physical area larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN.
 MAN is computer network which connects two or more LAN networks within city.
 A MAN is typically owned and operated by a single entity such as corporation.
 When due to distance connecting two LANs is not possible, MAN network is used.
 Metropolitan Area Network deploys special devices and cables to connect the LANs.
 A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a computer network that usually spans a city.

9. Campus Area Network (CAN)
 Same as MAN network, but it is limited to a university or an education academy.
 This network is usually setup for educational activities such as classroom updates.
 This network is usually setup for practices labs, emails, exams, notifications, polls, etc.
 CAN is a computer network made up of interconnection of LANs within a limited area.

10. Intranet
 Intranet is computer network which is controlled & administered by single entity.
 Intranet is controlled and administered by single entity or company or organization.
 An Intranet is basically a network that is local to the company only not outside.
 Example of Intranet includes Local Area Networks LANs, Private WANs, and MANS.
 In Intranet, external users are not allowed to connect to connect to Intranet Network.
 Each access is monitored & logged to ensure that only authorized users get access.

11. Internet
 Internet is the largest computer network ever created by the mankind.
 It interconnects thousands of millions of computing devices including PCs.
 Other example are Laptops, Workstations, Server, Smartphones, tablets, TVs.
 Webcams, Environmental devices, Automobiles, Security cameras & many mores.

12. OSI Layers

13. OSI Model Layers

14. Application Layer

15. Data Flow from Application Layer

16. Presentation Layer

17. Data flow from Presentation Layer

18. Session Layer

19. Data flow from Session Layer

20. Transport Layer

21. Identifying a Service

22. Multiplexing and De-multiplexing

23. Transport Layer Protocols

24. Segmentation

25. Sequencing

26. Sequencing

27. Reassembling

28. Flow control and Error Correction

29. Data flow from Transport Layer

30. Network Layer

31. Data flow from Network Layer

32. Datalink Layer

33. Data flow from Datalink Layer

34. Physical Layer

35. Data flow from Physical Layer

36. Thank you