1. The document summarizes the causes and impacts of the Anglo-Nepalese Treaty of 1815. The key causes included the expansionist policies of the British East India Company and the Company's political and economic interests in Nepal. This led to military conflicts between 1814-1815 and ultimately Nepal's defeat. 2. The Treaty of Sugauli was signed on December 2, 1815 between representatives of Nepal and the British East India Company to formally end the conflict. The treaty imposed territorial concessions on Nepal and established British control over some Nepalese territories. 3. The treaty had major geopolitical impacts as it reduced Nepal's size and weakened its sovereignty, bringing it firmly under British influence for the

1. 1 | P a g e
CAUSE OF TREATY AND IMPACT
Nikesh Maharjan (Khemanda),
M.A 1st
Semester Roll no:- 02(2075),
Medieval and Modern History of Nepal, NeHCA- 552,
Tribhuvan University.
;'uf}ln ;lGw c3L, g]kfn c+u|]h o'4 ug{'sf] sf/0f
 g]kfn / sDkgL ;sf{/sf] lj:tf/jfbLsf] gLltM–
 ;g !^)) df j]nfotL dxf/fgL af6 k"jL{ d'n'sdf uP/ Jofkf/ ug{ Ps Jofkf/Ls
;+:yfnfO{ cg'dtL k|bfg u/Lof],
 knf;Lsf] tyf aS;/sf] o'4 eP k5L, ef/tsf] a+ufn, ljxf/, pl8;fdf c+u|hsf] lgoGq0f
eof], of] PpF6f Industrial Revoluation lyof]
 k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] lj=;+ !*!( df dsjfgk'/sf] ljho k5L g]kfnsf] l;dfgf c+u|]h
;fd|fHosf] l;dfgf ;Dd k'Uof].
 eLD;]g yfkfsf] d'VtLof/Lsf] ;dodf g]kfnsf] l;dfgf k"j{df l6i6f b]vL klZrddf sfFu8f
;Dd lj:tf/
ePsf]n] / v'Nnf l;dfgf ePsfn] 7fpF 7fpFdf ;d:of pTkGg cfpFbf g]kfn c+u|]hs o'4
eof].
 g]kfndf sDkgL ;sf{/sf :jfy{x?M–
 g]kfnsf] af6f] x'b}+ l6Aa6df Jofkf/ ug{ rfxg'.
 g]kfndf k|fs[lts ;|f]t x?sf] e/Lk"0f{tf /xg',
 ef/tsf uld{ :yfgdf a;]sf c+u|]hx?, g]kfnsf] lr;f] df};d ePsf] e"efu s'dfp, u9jfn,
g}gLtfn, bfh{nLË h:tf] yfpF sAhf hdfpFg rfxg'.
 g]kfn nfO{ English Colony df kfg{] O{R5f.
 ;'g cwLstd ePsf] b]zdfyL lgoGq0f ug{ rfxg'.
 East India Company Government sf] Jofkf/L gLltM–
 g]kfndf c+u|]hx?n] cfkmgf] pBf]unfO{ jnLof] jgfpFg rfxGYof], t/ led;]g yfkfn] yfxff
lyof] oLlgx? æl;of] ag]/ k:g] xfQL ag]/ lg:sLg]Æ ef/tdf h:tf] xfn g]kfndf kgL ;f]
;/xg} x'G5 eg]/ c+u|]h x?nfO{ g]kfndf k|j]zdf /f]s nufpFg' / ;g !((@ / !*)! sf]
;lGw sfof{Gjog u/]/ g]kfnaf6 kmfO{bf lng' kb{5 eGg] ePsf] csf]{ sf/0f x'g'Fn].

2. 2 | P a g e
 East India Company Government n] g]kfn;+u ;Dks{ /fVg c;kmn x'g'M–
 k[yjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] cfly{s gfsfalGwsf] sf/0fn] East India Company
Government nfO{ 3f6f eof], ;g !&^& df lsgns @$)) ;]gf uf]vf{sf] lj?4df
l;Gw'nL o'4 u/],
 ;g !*)! sf] ;GwL k5L !*)@ df Captain Knox Mission g]kfn cfP/ c;kmn
ePsfn] To;nfO{ ;kmn agfpFg'sf] sf/0f.
 @@;] @$;] /fhfx?sf] k|ltzf]wsf] efjgfM–
 PsLs/0f cleofg af6 c;Gt'li6t @@;] @$;] /fhfx? Dff}sf kfpFg] ljlQs} k'gM u'd]sf]
/fHo lng rfxGy] o:sf] kmfO{bf c+u|]hx?n] k'gM /fHo kmsf{pg] nf]e b]vfO{ xf/]sf zf;s x?
cfkmgf] kIdf lnPsf] / g]kfn lj?4 o'4df nfu]sf] / o:tf] nf]e nfnhdf k/]sf zf;sx?
dWo] x08'/sf /fhf /fdz/0f, sfFu8fsf /fhf ;+;f/r+b / kfNkfsf /fhs'df/ /lj;]g lyP.
g]kfn af6g} ;xof]u kfpFg ;Sg]x'gfn].
 g]kfnsf] z}lgs gLlt / ultljwLM–
 eLd;]g yfkfn] cfkmgf z}lgsx?nfO{ km/fG;]nL åf/f z}lgs tfnLd lbnfPsf] x'gfn], o;
dfyL East India Company Government sf] 8fxf / uf]vf{nL ;]gfsf] j[bbL x'b}
hfg', xftxltof/sf] ;+sng tyf z]lgs tfnLd af6 8/fpg'sf] sf/0f.
 c+u]|hx?sf] nfuL cg's"n l:yltM–
 k+hfksf /fhf /ghLt l;+x ha ;g !*)( df c+u|]h x? l;t cd[t;/sf] ;lGw ug{
afWotf eof] ta g]kfn sdhf]/ aGg k'u]sf] / c+u|]hx?sf nfuL l:ytL ;sf/fTds ag]/
uPsf], o;} ;dofjwLdf o"/f]kdf g]kf]lnogsf] ktg ePsf] sf/0fn] l:ytL alnof]x'g k'Uof] /
;g !*!# df ;fd|fHojfbL lgltsf ;dy{s Lord Hastings, Governer General
eP/ ef/tdf k|j]z ug{' East India Company Government nfO{ g]kfn ;+u o'4
ug{ an k'Uof].
 g]kfnLsf] zlQm a9]sf] b]v]/ ef/tLo /fHoklg cfzfjfbL x'g'M–
 ef/tLo /fHox? g]kfn ;+u ldn]/ c+u|]h lj?4 n9g rfxGy] o; cuLg} k/flht u/]df
East India Company Government nfO{ vt/fgx'g] x'gfn] o'4 ug{ k'u]sf] xf],
 v'Nnf l;dfgf jf k|fs[lts l;dfgfsf] cefjM–
 b'a] /fHox? o'4 u/]/ k|fKt u/]sf] e"ld ePsf] x'gfn] v'Nnf l;dfgf jf k|fs[lts l;dfgfsf]
cefjsf] sf/0f l;dfgfdf ;+sf;kb lyof], s:sf] l;dfgf sxfF;Dd lyof] eGg] af/]df.

3. 3 | P a g e
 tTsfnLg sf/0fM–
 :o"/fh / a'6jnsf] ;d:of o'4sf] ttsfnsf] sf/0f lyof], lj=;+ !*)) b]vL lj=;+ !*&!
k[lYjgf/fo0f zfx b]vL led;]g yfkfsf] ;do ;Dddf cfpFbf g]kfnsf] l;dfgf k"j{df l6i6f
klZrddf sfFu8f ;Dd km}lnPsf] lyof] t/ pQm ;d:ofsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ k"j{sf] / blIf0fsf]
efu East India Company Government sf] x'g k'Uof] / k"j{ klZrd u/]/ $@
7fpFdf l;df ljjfb lyof] eg] /f}txtdf dfq @@ 7fpFdf l;df ljjfbLt lyof].
 /f}tx6sf @@ j6f ufpFsf] l;dfsf] ljjfb, East India Company Government sf a|8fzf /
g]kfnsf k|ltlgwL >L s[i0f kl08t aLr, 5nkmn eof] t/ c;kmn eof].
 :o"/fh / a'6jnsf] ;d:ofnfO{ lnP/ 6S;f/L rGb|z]v/ pkfWofo / East India Company
Government sf k|ltlgwL a|8zf lar jftf{ eof] a]tlgofdf t/ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg gePk5L
Lord Hastings n] @% lbg leq /f}6x6sf @@ j6f ufpF / :o"/fh, a'6jn East India
Company Government nfO{ g ;'lDkP o'4 ug{] r]tfjgL lbP, o; r]tfjgLdf o'4 ug{] jf gug{]
ljifdf 5nkmn eof] ad zfx, /+ugfy kl08t, cd/l;+x yfkf, bneGhg kf08] o'4 gug{]df lyP eg]
led;]g yfkf o'4 ug]{ kIfdf lyP. 22 April 1814 sf] lbg ljgf o'4 East India Company
Government n] tL yfpF sAhfu/] k'gM 19 May 1814 df g]kfnL ;]gfn] Tof] yfpF lkmtf{ ln,
o;df !* hfgf c+u|]hsf] Hofg uof] eg] g]kfnsf % hfgf 3fO{t] eof], o; k5L East India
Company Government sf Lord Hastings g]kfn lj?4 o'4sf] cf}krf/Ls 3f]ifgf uof]{ o;df
East India Company Government sf] k"0f{ tof/L lyof].
 o'4sf] Tfof/Lsf ;fy a;]sf East India Company Government x?nfO{ cfdgf ;fdgf ug{
aneb| s'+j/ gfnfkfgL, cd/l;+x yfkf ;tnh, elQm yfkf b]pyn, adzfx s'dfpF u9jfn df al;F
lj/tfk"j{ n8]sf] lyof].
 c+u|]h g]kfn o'4df g]kfn k/flht x'g'sf] sf/0fM–
 g]kfndf ;]gf ;+Vof / xltof/sf] sdL.
 g]kfnn] ;xof]u gkfpFg'.
 oftfoft, /;bkfgL, ;+rf/ cf}ifwL pkrf/sf] cefj.
 c+u|]hx?sf] Jofks of]hgf x'g'.
 g]kfn bjf{/df Pstfsf] cefj.
 klZrdL /fhf / hgtfsf] lj/f]w.
 cfly{s sf/0f.

4. 4 | P a g e
 ;'uf}lnsf] ;lGw
 1 November 1814 af6 East India Company Government / g]kfn aLr
;'?ePsf] o'4 ;'uf}nL gfds 7fpFdf u/LPsf] ;lGwaf6 6'ËLof], g]kfnLx? ;a} yfpFdf k/fhLt
ePk5L 28 May 1815 df uh/fh ld>, rGb|z]v/ pkfWofo / East India
Company Government sf k|ltlgwL a|8zfx aLr ;lGwsf] jf/]df 5nkmn eof] of]
;'uf}nLdf ePsf] lyof], o;df East India Company Government n] ( wf/f sf]
k|Ztfj /fv]sf]df, wf/fx?sf] a'9f g+ #, &, *, g]kfnsf k|ltlglwx?n] dGh"/ u/]sf] lyPg, ToxL
kgL ( j6f wf/fx? East India Company Government n] 9 December 1815
df :jLs[lt uof]{.
 East India Company Government n] /fvLPsf] ;lGwsf] ( wf/fx?,
!= g]kfn / East India Company Government ;+u :yfoL zflGt / ldqtf sfod /xg] 5.
@= o'4 x'g' eGbf cuf9L b'O{ b]z aLrsf ljjfb u|:t e"–efux?df g]kfnn] cfkmgf] bfjL Tofu ug{]. tL e"–
efudfyL EastIndia Company Government sf] clwsf/nfO{ :jLsf/ ug{].
#= lgDg e"–efux? sDkgL ;sf{/nfO{ lbg'kg{]Ù
s= sfnL / /fKtL gbL aLrsf] ;a} t/fO{ If]q.
v= /fKtL / u08sL aLrsf] ;a} t/fO{ efu.
u= u08sL / sf]zL aLrsf] ;Dk"0f{ t/fO{ efu.
3= d]rL b]vL l6i6f ;Ddsf] ;d:y e"–efu.
ª= d]rL b]vL k"j{sf] ;Dk"0f{ kxf8L efu ;fy} gful/ssf] lsNnf / hUuf ;d]t u/L df]/Ëb]vL
kxf8 lt/ hfg] gu/sf]6
dfu{ / To; ghLssf] ;d:t e"–efu $) bLg leq uf]vf{nL ;]gfn] vfnL ug{' kg]{.
$= wf/f # cg';f/ hUuf u'dfPsf] IftLk"lt{ @ nfv jflif{s g]kfnLn] kfpFg].
%= g]kfnsf /fhf / pGsf pQ/fwLsf/Ln] kgL sfnLgbL b]vL klZrdsf k|b]z / ToxfF lgjf;Lx? ;+u s'g}
;DaGw /fVg kfpFg] 5}g.

5. 5 | P a g e
^= g]kfnn] l;SsLDsf] e"–efudf s'g} bfjL ug{ gkfpFg], g]kfn / l;SsLd aLr emu8f jf ljjfb ePdf
To:tf ljifox? East India Company Government ;dIf k]z ug{] / sDkgL ;sf{n] u/]sf]
lg0f{onfO{ g]kfnn] :jLsf/ ug{].
&= g]kfnn] la|l6z ;sf{/n] u/]sf] k"j{ :jLs[tL ljgf la|l6z, o'/f]k]nL jf cd]l/x?nfO{ cfkmgf] ;]jfdf /fVg
gkfpFg].
*= b'O{ b]z aLr sfod ePsf] ldqtf Pjd zflGt ;DaGwnfO{ ;'9[9 kfg{ b'a} b]zsf /fhb"t Ps csf{]
b]zdf /xg].
(= of] ;lGwnfO{ g]kfndf /fhfn] !% lbgleq x:tfIf/ u/]/ a|8zfnfO{ a'emfpFg] / a|8zfn] !) lbgleq
ue{g/ hg/nsf] :jLs[t u/fpFg].
 Wf/f g+ # cg';f/ hUuf u'dfPsf] IftLk"lt g]kfnnfO{ jflif{s kfpFg] ?, b"O{nfv, East India
Company Government n] s/ p7fpFg g;Sbf 8 December 1816, df sf]zL
u08sL, u08sL /fktL,sf] t/fO{ efu k'gM g]kfn n] lkmtf{ kfof].
 b'a} b]zsf l;df ljjfb ePdf b'a} d'n'ssf k|ltlgwLx? a;]/ l;df lgwf{/0f ug{].
 Jfflif{s b'O{nfv ?, g]kfn nfO{ lbg gkg{] ;t{df t/fO{ ;'k'b{ ;lGw ;d]t eof].
 4 March 1816 df ;'uf}nL ;lGw eof]. o:sf ;a} wf/fx? g]kfnsf] ljkIfdf 5g,
 ;lGwk5L g]kfnfO{ k/]sf] gsf/fTds c;/.
 !% lbgleq ;lGwkq sDkgL ;sf{/nfO{ a'emfpFg' kg{] afWouf lyof], cfjt hfjtsf] ?kdf
;'uf}nL af6 sf7df08f}+ ;Dddfg} &, * lbg nfUYof], o; ;lGwkqsf] ljifodf 5nkmn ug{ ;d]t
;do gePsf] lyof] g]kfnsf /fhfnfO{.
 dxfsfnL kf/L / d]rL kf/L ;a} xs Tofugfn] g]kfnn] cfh{gf u/]sf] ;a} ;DkQL u'Dof].
 Jfflif{s kfpFg] b'O{nfv kgL k5L gkfpFg] eof].
 g]kfnsf] afxLo ;DaGwdf gsf/fTds c;/ eof].
 wf/f g+ & / * g]kfnsf] xLt ljk/Lt ePsfn], g]kfnsf] :jfeLdfgdf cfFr k'of{Psf] b]lvG5.
 g]kfnn] c+u|]hx?sf] k|j]z ug{ grfx] kgL k|j]z u/fpFg 6]jf k'Uof] pQm c;dfg ;lGwsf]
sf/0fn] ..
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