2. Various Types of Catchment
PRESENTED BY
Name: Avik Ghorai
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CA1 Examination For Odd Semester-2022
Institute of Science & Technology 2
3. Introduction
Water conservation methodologies is not just a recent technique but it is used from very past.
In India , right from 2500 years right from Satvahan era,various methods of water conservation
are practised
Many places in south India and certain parts of Western ghats,various tanks are carved for
water collection and storage
Many cities of the world are build near any river source.Human civilization is settled near water
source from thousands of years
With growth of population and limited water resources,there is a need to conserve water.
This slide describes about catchment areas
4. Objective of this presentation
To collect information on catchment areas To
know about small dam structures
To know about benefits of area coming
under catchment
5. Catchment Area
• Land is not leveled everywhere
• The topography consists of plain land and
mountains
• Rain water from mountain top of high land
flows on slopes
• This flowing water accumulates on a plain area
known as catchment
6. Size of Catchment Area
It can be small or big
It can be of 10 to 20 hectares or size of river basin
7. How to select a Catchment
• Catchment area consists of a river basin or a source
stream
• It can span huge area
• The size should not be small or too big
• Small catchment area is not benefitial for storage
• It should be selected such that minimum 5 villages
are benefitted
8. Objective of Catchment Area Development
• To make usage of land which is not in use
• To stop soil erosion
• To store rainwater which is wasted
• To bring maximum amount of area under
irrigation
• To promote plantation over barren lands
• To make available drinking water for all
9. What can be done under Catchment
Development ?
• Developing Contours in an level
• Developing a small dam
• Constructing small lake
• Constructing a Bund
• Leveling of land under catchment area
• Plantation of trees surrounding the area
10. Solutions through Catchment
Development
• Crop pattern according to category of land
• Intercropping
• Multiple Cropping
• Plantation on slopes
• Controlling water flow and floods
• Increased moisture of soil
11. Effects of Soil erosions
• Erosions occurring in steps
• Formation of stream
• Landslides
• Change in course of river flow
• Expanding of river banks
• Excavation of land due to water flow
12. Things to consider in Catchment
• Natural resources
• Wind, sunlight and vegetation types
• Local and social problems
• Topography of the area
13. Beneficiaries of catchment area
• Agriculture as well as barren lands
• Villagers
• Domestic animals and cattles
• Forested areas
• Areas under plantation
14. Causes of Soil Erosion
• Steep slopes
• Landslides
• Floods
• Uncontrolled Flow of water
Due to erosion, nutrients in soil is also lost and
the permeability of soil is also lost
15. Types of Structures
• Vasant bandhara type of dams
• Small check dams
• Gabian type check dams
• Lake
• Cemented bunding small dam
• Nala Bunding
• Contours marking
Images given in further slides
17. Vasant bandhara
• These types of small dams were built
during famine of 1972
• Useful for small streams flowing in village
• Foundation of hardly 2 feet or digging it till a
firm rock below ground
• Hardly 1.5 to 2 feet in height from
foundation base
• Image shown in next slide
