This document contains summaries of 8 case laws related to the Sale of Goods Act in India:
1) Rash Behari Singh vs Emperor: Appellants found guilty of conspiracy and theft for dishonestly consuming electrical energy.
2) Union of India vs Central India Machinery: Petition dismissed as raw materials purchased against 90% advance payment did not become property of purchaser under contract terms.
3) Badri Prasad vs State of Madhya Pradesh: Appeal fails as forest and trees vested in state and timber was not "ascertained goods" under contract for sale.
4) Antony Thomas vs Ayuppunni Mani: Appeal dismissed as stipulation regarding maximum bad
Breach of Contract is the one of the most important Factors in the effective implementation of the contract done between the parties.
The breaching of contract is the acts that is done against the terms and conditions of the contract that can lead to the termination of the contract.
The breaching can be done by any of the parties.
"Sale of Goods & Hire Purchase" (Chapter 19) - Business LawSandeep Sharma
PPT on "The Contract of Sale of Goods & Hire-Purchase" for BBA & B.Com 1st year students, CA, CPT, CS & CMA Foundation.
Business Law PPT by Sandeep Sharma.
Meaning with suitable example & explanation.
The slides discuss in detail the concept of Bailment, Pledge, and Hypothecation under the Indian Contract Act, 1878. Useful for Law Students and professionals.
Doctrine of caveat emptor - Legal Environment of Business - Business Law - Co...manumelwin
“Caveat Emptor” is a Latin expression which means “Let the buyer beware”. The doctrine of caveat emptor means that in a sale of goods, the seller is under not duty to reveal unflattering truths about the goods. A buyer must buy goods after satisfying himself of their quality and fitness.
Breach of Contract is the one of the most important Factors in the effective implementation of the contract done between the parties.
The breaching of contract is the acts that is done against the terms and conditions of the contract that can lead to the termination of the contract.
The breaching can be done by any of the parties.
"Sale of Goods & Hire Purchase" (Chapter 19) - Business LawSandeep Sharma
PPT on "The Contract of Sale of Goods & Hire-Purchase" for BBA & B.Com 1st year students, CA, CPT, CS & CMA Foundation.
Business Law PPT by Sandeep Sharma.
Meaning with suitable example & explanation.
The slides discuss in detail the concept of Bailment, Pledge, and Hypothecation under the Indian Contract Act, 1878. Useful for Law Students and professionals.
Doctrine of caveat emptor - Legal Environment of Business - Business Law - Co...manumelwin
“Caveat Emptor” is a Latin expression which means “Let the buyer beware”. The doctrine of caveat emptor means that in a sale of goods, the seller is under not duty to reveal unflattering truths about the goods. A buyer must buy goods after satisfying himself of their quality and fitness.
1. Honor Code Statement. By selecting True” I am stating that I.docxSONU61709
1. Honor Code Statement. By selecting “True” I am stating that I will receive no assistance from any outside source, including notes, texts or other persons, while taking this final exam.
1) True
2) False
2. Which of these contracts must be in writing to be enforceable according to the Statute of Frauds?
1) Sale of an interest in land
2) Sale of goods greater than $500
3) Employment contract longer than 1 year.
4) All of the above
3. Under the UCC which of the following must be included in a confirming memo sent after conclusion of verbal negotiations in order to satisfy the Statute of Frauds requirement?
1) Price term
2) Delivery terms
3) Quantity of goods
4) All of the above
4. Merchant A and Merchant B are negotiating in good faith for the sales of widgets. Merchant B accepts the terms of Merchant A’s offer, but adds to the bottom of the form “interest rate at 2% for unpaid balance as usual.” Merchant A does not object. Under these facts and UCC 2-207:
1) A contract is formed on the original terms.
2) No contract is formed; they are still negotiating.
3) Contract is formed including the interest rate for unpaid balance.
4) No contract because B’s acceptance is not a mirror image of A’s offer.
5. Bob Cratchit, who has been an employee-at-will with the firm of Scrooge & Marley, was laid off on Christmas Eve after 24 years and within several months of his receiving his full pension. The employee manual that was in effect when Bob began his employee stated that seniority would be given great weight in any layoffs. The manual was changed during Bob’s last year of employment in order to delete mention of any seniority rights. The HR department told him upon discharge that his seniority was not figured in their decision. Under these facts, which of the types of contracts below is the best theory of recovery for his suit for breach of contract?
1) Express contract
2) Implied contract
3) Executory contract
4) Restitution contract
6. Plaintiff and Defendant entered into a written contract for the sale Defendant’s land, a sunny stretch of acreage judging by the pictures and verbal representations Defendant had made. Plaintiff felt glad to have made a deal for it, that is, until he discovered that most of the land was over a toxic waste site. What best describes the situation with respect to the enforcement of the contract given that the defendant misrepresented the land and possibly defrauded the plaintiff?
1) The contract is void from the beginning.
2) The contract is voidable if the Defendant wants out of the deal.
3) The UCC will not allow this contract to be enforced.
4) The contract is voidable at the sole discretion of the Plaintiff.
7. Farmer A leased over 5,000 acres of farm land in northern Ohio for one year. Subsequently he signed a second 1 year lease. During each year he harvested the crops and prepared the land for the next season’s crops. During negotiations for the next lease, he began prepar ...
This is a presentation on the terms of a contract. It covers the general concepts of terms of a contract. It is ideal for beginner to intermediate level Contract Law students
ASSIGNMENT: Business Law (example of answer)Rofidah Azman
I got quite good mark for this assignment. I'd like to share with other fellow students the example of answers for the questions. There are of course rooms for improvement. Good luck!
THE SALE OF GOODS ACT,1930 AND THE PARTNERSHIP ACT,1932.pptxAabilhusain2
This document are related to the sale of goods and partnership provisions and what is the right and duties of the Buyer and Seller and how partnership firm will dissolved.
LLB LAW NOTES ON PROPERTY LAW
FREE AFFIDAVITS AND NOTICES FORMATS
FREE AGREEMENTS AND CONTRACTS FORMATS
FREE LLB LAW NOTES
FREE CA ICWA NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FIRST SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW SECOND SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW THIRD SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FOURTH SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FIFTH SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW SIXTH SEM NOTES
FREE CA ICWA FOUNDATION NOTES
FREE CA ICWA INTERMEDIATE NOTES
FREE CA ICWA FINAL NOTES
KANOON KE RAKHWALE INDIA
HIRE LAWYER ONLINE
LAW FIRMS IN DELHI
CA FIRM DELHI
VISIT : https://www.kanoonkerakhwale.com/
VISIT : https://hirelawyeronline.com/
Create a Seamless Viewing Experience with Your Own Custom OTT Player.pdfGenny Knight
As the popularity of online streaming continues to rise, the significance of providing outstanding viewing experiences cannot be emphasized enough. Tailored OTT players present a robust solution for service providers aiming to enhance their offerings and engage audiences in a competitive market. Through embracing customization, companies can craft immersive, individualized experiences that effectively hold viewers' attention, entertain them, and encourage repeat usage.
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
Meet Crazyjamjam - A TikTok Sensation | Blog EternalBlog Eternal
Crazyjamjam, the TikTok star everyone's talking about! Uncover her secrets to success, viral trends, and more in this exclusive feature on Blog Eternal.
Source: https://blogeternal.com/celebrity/crazyjamjam-leaks/
Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
Experience the thrill of Progressive Puzzle Adventures, like Scavenger Hunt Games and Escape Room Activities combined Solve Treasure Hunt Puzzles online.
In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
Young Tom Selleck: A Journey Through His Early Years and Rise to Stardomgreendigital
Introduction
When one thinks of Hollywood legends, Tom Selleck is a name that comes to mind. Known for his charming smile, rugged good looks. and the iconic mustache that has become synonymous with his persona. Tom Selleck has had a prolific career spanning decades. But, the journey of young Tom Selleck, from his early years to becoming a household name. is a story filled with determination, talent, and a touch of luck. This article delves into young Tom Selleck's life, background, early struggles. and pivotal moments that led to his rise in Hollywood.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Early Life and Background
Family Roots and Childhood
Thomas William Selleck was born in Detroit, Michigan, on January 29, 1945. He was the second of four children in a close-knit family. His father, Robert Dean Selleck, was a real estate investor and executive. while his mother, Martha Selleck, was a homemaker. The Selleck family relocated to Sherman Oaks, California. when Tom was a child, setting the stage for his future in the entertainment industry.
Education and Early Interests
Growing up, young Tom Selleck was an active and athletic child. He attended Grant High School in Van Nuys, California. where he excelled in sports, particularly basketball. His tall and athletic build made him a standout player, and he earned a basketball scholarship to the University of Southern California (U.S.C.). While at U.S.C., Selleck studied business administration. but his interests shifted toward acting.
Discovery of Acting Passion
Tom Selleck's journey into acting was serendipitous. During his time at U.S.C., a drama coach encouraged him to try acting. This nudge led him to join the Hills Playhouse, where he began honing his craft. Transitioning from an aspiring athlete to an actor took time. but young Tom Selleck became drawn to the performance world.
Early Career Struggles
Breaking Into the Industry
The path to stardom was a challenging one for young Tom Selleck. Like many aspiring actors, he faced many rejections and struggled to find steady work. A series of minor roles and guest appearances on television shows marked his early career. In 1965, he debuted on the syndicated show "The Dating Game." which gave him some exposure but did not lead to immediate success.
The Commercial Breakthrough
During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Selleck began appearing in television commercials. His rugged good looks and charismatic presence made him a popular brand choice. He starred in advertisements for Pepsi-Cola, Revlon, and Close-Up toothpaste. These commercials provided financial stability and helped him gain visibility in the industry.
Struggling Actor in Hollywood
Despite his success in commercials. breaking into large acting roles remained a challenge for young Tom Selleck. He auditioned and took on small parts in T.V. shows and movies. Some of his early television appearances included roles in popular series like Lancer, The F.B.I., and Bracken's World. But, it would take a
Panchayat Season 3 - Official Trailer.pdfSuleman Rana
The dearest series "Panchayat" is set to make a victorious return with its third season, and the fervor is discernible. The authority trailer, delivered on May 28, guarantees one more enamoring venture through the country heartland of India.
Jitendra Kumar keeps on sparkling as Abhishek Tripathi, the city-reared engineer who ends up functioning as the secretary of the Panchayat office in the curious town of Phulera. His nuanced depiction of a young fellow exploring the difficulties of country life while endeavoring to adjust to his new environmental factors has earned far and wide recognition.
Neena Gupta and Raghubir Yadav return as Manju Devi and Brij Bhushan Dubey, separately. Their dynamic science and immaculate acting rejuvenate the hardships of town administration. Gupta's depiction of the town Pradhan with an ever-evolving outlook, matched with Yadav's carefully prepared exhibition, adds profundity and credibility to the story.
New Difficulties and Experiences
The trailer indicates new difficulties anticipating the characters, as Abhishek keeps on wrestling with his part in the town and his yearnings for a superior future. The series has reliably offset humor with social editorial, and Season 3 looks ready to dig much more profound into the intricacies of rustic organization and self-awareness.
Watchers can hope to see a greater amount of the enchanting and particular residents who have become fan top picks. Their connections and the one of a kind cut of-life situations give a reviving and interesting portrayal of provincial India, featuring the two its appeal and its difficulties.
A Mix of Humor and Heart
One of the signs of "Panchayat" is its capacity to mix humor with sincere narrating. The trailer features minutes that guarantee to convey giggles, as well as scenes that pull at the heartstrings. This equilibrium has been a critical calculate the show's prosperity, resounding with crowds across different socioeconomics.
Creation Greatness
The creation quality remaining parts first rate, with the beautiful setting of Phulera town filling in as a scenery that upgrades the narrating. The meticulousness in portraying provincial life, joined with sharp composition and solid exhibitions, guarantees that "Panchayat" keeps on hanging out in the packed web series scene.
Expectation and Delivery
As the delivery date draws near, expectation for "Panchayat" Season 3 is at a record-breaking high. The authority trailer has previously created critical buzz, with fans enthusiastically anticipating the continuation of Abhishek Tripathi's excursion and the new undertakings that lie ahead in Phulera.
All in all, the authority trailer for "Panchayat" Season 3 recommends that watchers are in for another drawing in and engaging ride. Yet again with its charming characters, convincing story, and ideal mix of humor and show, the new season is set to enamor crowds. Write in your schedules and prepare to get back to the endearing universe of "Panchayat."
As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
240529_Teleprotection Global Market Report 2024.pdfMadhura TBRC
The teleprotection market size has grown
exponentially in recent years. It will grow from
$21.92 billion in 2023 to $28.11 billion in 2024 at a
compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 28.2%. The
teleprotection market size is expected to see
exponential growth in the next few years. It will grow
to $70.77 billion in 2028 at a compound annual
growth rate (CAGR) of 26.0%.
Meet Dinah Mattingly – Larry Bird’s Partner in Life and Loveget joys
Get an intimate look at Dinah Mattingly’s life alongside NBA icon Larry Bird. From their humble beginnings to their life today, discover the love and partnership that have defined their relationship.
Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
Skeem Saam in June 2024 available on ForumIsaac More
Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
Hollywood Actress - The 250 hottest galleryZsolt Nemeth
Hollywood Actress amazon album eminent worldwide media, female-singer, actresses, alhletina-woman, 250 collection.
Highest and photoreal-print exclusive testament PC collage.
Focused television virtuality crime, novel.
The sheer afterlife of the work is activism-like hollywood-actresses point com.
173 Illustrate, 250 gallery, 154 blog, 120 TV serie logo, 17 TV president logo, 183 active hyperlink.
HD AI face enhancement 384 page plus Bowker ISBN, Congress LLCL or US Copyright.
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
3. CASE 5.1
Petitioner: Rash Behari Singh and Others vs Respondent: Emperor*
Date of Judgement: 7 October 1936:
Facts: The appellants were accused persons who were charged with having
been party to a criminal conspiracy to commit theft by dishonest
consumption and use of electrical energy belonging to the Calcutta
Electric Supply Corporation between the January
1934 and 20 January 1935, and in consequence of such conspiracy theft was
committed at Bharat Laxmi Cinema, Jupiter Cinema, and at other places. It
was argued that Sec. 19 (a), Electricity Act, and Rule 31 were necessitated
by the fact that there can be no actual property in electrical energy.
Judgement: The appellants found guilty of conspiracy and theft and
sentenced to fine and imprisonment.
Reason: The evidence supplied showed that there was conspiracy to theft
and altering of the electricity meter.
5. CASE 5.2 Petitioner: Union of India vs Respondent: Central India Machinery
Manufacturing Co. Ltd*
Date: 6 April 1977
Facts: The contract was for the manufacture and supply of wagons. It was provided
that the contract would be governed by the standard conditions in so far as they
are not inconsistent with the correspondence exchanged between the parties.
Under the standard conditions, 90 per cent of the payment had to be made
against the company
submitting the bill to the purchaser together with the completion certificate and on
payment of such 90 per cent price the vehicle in question would become the property
of the purchaser. The balance of 10 per cent was to be treated as security for the
due fulfillment of the contract. The balance was to be received on the receipt of
certificate from the purchaser to the effect that the actual delivery of the vehicle was
taken and that the delivery was made in due time. The respondents contended that
there was nothing in the special conditions which militated or was inconsistent with
the standard condition no. 15.The special conditions, read as a whole, show that the
raw materials purchased by the company against 90 per cent of advance payment do
not become the property of the railway board or the Union of India because under
the express terms of the contract, such advance payment is made towards the
contract price of the wagons and not towards price of the materials.
6. Judgement: Petition was dismissed
Reason: Transfer of property in goods for a price is the
lynchpin of the definition of ‘sale’, the difficulty in
distinguishing between the contract of sale and work
contract is an age old one. The test would be whether
the thing to be delivered has any individual existence
before delivery as the sole property of the party who is
to deliver it. If the answer is in the affirmative, it is sale
of the thing, otherwise not. Another rule is that
if the main object of the contract is the transfer from A to
B for a price of the property in a thing in which B had
no previous property, then the contract is a contract of
sale
8. CASE 5.3
Petitioner: Badri Prasad vs Respondent: State of Madhya Pradesh*
Date: 11 October 1968
Facts: The appellant entered into a contract in respect of certain forests in a jagir in
Madhya Pradesh. He was entitled to cut teak trees with over 12-inch girth. After
the passing of the Abolition of Proprietary Rights (Estates, Mahals. Alienated
Lands) Act, 1950, a notification was issued vesting the estate in the State. The
appellant was prohibited from cutting timber in exercise of his rights under the
contract . After some negotiations, a letter was written on 1 February 1955, to the
appellant, on behalf of the State, that the appellant’s claim to cut trees under the
contract would be considered only if he gave up his claim to a sum of `17,000
which he had already paid under the contract and was willing to pay a further sum
of `17,000.The appellant, by his letter dated 5 February 1955 expressed his
willingness to pay the additional sum but reserved his right to claim a refund of
the first sum .The state government rejected the appellant’s right to cut trees. He
then filed a suit claiming specific performance of the contract on the grounds: (1)
The forest and trees did not vest in the State under the Act; (2) Even if they vested,
the standing timber, having been sold to the appellant, did not vest in the State;
and (3) In any event a new contract was completed on 5 February 1955, and the
appellant was entitled to its specific performance.
9. Judgement: Appeal fails and dismissed.
Reason: The forest and trees vested in the State under the Act. The
plaintiff was entitled to cut teak trees of more than 12-inch girth. It
had to be ascertained which trees fell within that Description .Till
this was ascertained, they were not ‘ascertained goods’ within Sec.
9 of the Sale of Goods Act. The contract was not to sell the whole of
the trees. It is extremely doubtful whether the letter, dated 1
February 1955, is an offer. It seems to be an invitation to the
plaintiff to make an offer. Be that as it may, even if it is treated as an
offer there was no unconditional acceptance by the letter, dated 5
February 1955.The plaintiff expressly reserved his right to claim a
refund of `17,000.According to the letter of the Divisional
Forest Officer, dated 1 February 1955, the plaintiff had to give up his
claim to `17,000 which he had already paid and had to pay a further
sum of `17,000. It is rightly held that the alleged acceptance of the
offer made on 1 February 1955, was conditional and qualified.
11. CASE 5.4
Petitioner: Antony Thomas vs Respondent: Ayuppunni Mani*
Date of Judgement: 28 October 1959
Facts: The respondent had undertaken to deliver to the appellant 125 bundles of
cashew nuts and received `4,000 in part payment of the price. The suit was for the
refund of the said sum with interest at 6 per cent per annum. The appellant
rejected the goods on the ground that the bad nuts exceeded the stipulated
maximum of twenty per cent. The question for consideration is whether he was
entitled to reject the goods as he did.
Judgement: Appeal is dismissed.
Reason: The answer depends on whether the stipulation regarding the bad nuts was a
condition or a warranty. Sec. 12 of the Indian Sale of Goods Act, 1930, deals with
conditions and warranties as follows:
1. A stipulation in a contract of sale with reference to goods which are the subject
thereof may be a condition or warranty.
2. A condition is a stipulation essential to the main purpose of the contract, the breach
of which gives rise to a right to treat the contract as repudiated.
3. A warranty is a stipulation collateral to the main purpose of the contract, the breach
of which gives rise to a claim for damages but not to a right to reject the goods
and treat the contract as repudiated.
12. Whether a stipulation in a contract of sale is a condition of a warranty depends in each
case on the construction of the contract. A stipulation may be a condition, though it
may be called a warranty in the contract. It is clear that a condition is a more vital
undertaking than a warranty, and that the consequences that flow from its breach
are different. The comparative degree of gravity spells a condition as distinct from
one, which amounts only to a warranty. The distinction is of great importance. The
breach of a condition entitles the injured party to repudiate the contract, to refuse
the goods, and, if he has already paid for them, to recover the price. The only
remedy for the breach of a warranty is the recovery of damages. The sale was by
description, and there is an implied condition that the goods shall correspond with
the description. The section on which he relies is Sec.
15 of the Indian Sale of Goods Act, 1930, which provides that where there is a contract
for the sale of goods by description, there is an implied condition that the goods
shall correspond with the description. The general principle of this implied
condition is clear and founded on the consensual basis of the law of contract. The
stipulation is definite, and there are no words which indicate any room for
elasticity in complying with the stipulation. The sale was, therefore, a sale by
description and that there was an implied condition that the goods must comply
with the description
14. CASE 5.5
Petitioner: Hoogly Chinsurah Municipality vs Respondent: Spence Ltd*
Date of Judgement: 18 July 1977
Facts: Hoogly Chinsurah Municipality contracted with Spence Ltd to
buy a tractor on the condition that if the municipality was not
satisfied it would reject the tractor. The municipality took
possession of the tractor and after using it for a month
and a half it rejected it. The suit was filed upon the unwillingness of
the tractor company to accept it.
Judgement: Appeal dismissed.
Reason: The municipality had not only used the tractor but also a
reasonable time had elapsed. Hence the property in the tractor had
already passed to the municipality and, therefore, could not reject
it.
15. CASE 5.7 Petitioner: Dharampal & Co.,Agra vs Respondent: Firm Kila Gatla Ram
Chandra Rao & Co.,Vizianagaram* /Date of Judgement: 29 January 1980
Facts:: The suit for recovery of `1,850 as damages from the respondent firm was decreed by
the trial court and future interest at the rate of 4 per cent per annum. A contract was
entered into between the parties by means of a telegram for the purchase of 250 bags
of peas at the rate of `37 per bag, deliverable F.O.R. atVizianagram. The buyer, namely the
respondent, indicated in the telegram that the peas should be friable at 6 1/2.** This
agreement was made on 3 February 1962. On the same day, a wagon was indented by
the plaintiff for the dispatch of goods. He received the wagon on 14 February 1962 and
loaded the peas and dispatched the same day. The wagon reached Vizianagram on 16
February 1962. Meanwhile the plaintiff had also sent a hundi to the defendant and
dispatched the R.R. (railway receipt) for collection through bank. The defendant did not
receive or accept the goods at Vizianagram and he did not also honour the hundi or take
the R.R. from the bank. The defendant’s stand was that the peas sent were not of the
contracted quality and therefore, he sought to repudiate the contract. The plaintiff had to
send a messenger to Vizianagram who took delivery of the consignment of the goods
after paying demurrage to the Railways and sold it to a local dealer at a lower rate with
the result that he incurred loss in the price of the goods also. He, therefore, in this suit
claimed a sum of `833 as demurrage, `142 as miscellaneous expenses, and `875 as the
difference in price, totaling a sum of `.
16. 1,850.The plaintiffs stand was that the defendant could not refuse to take delivery of
the goods and was not entitled to repudiate the contract. He was afforded an
opportunity of examining the goods but he did not avail of the same. The quality
of the goods sent was according to the contract
Judgement: The appeal upheld.
Reason: The Allahabad High Court upheld the verdict of the trial court which held that
the time was not the essence of the contract and the quality of the goods supplied
was not inferior to the contracted quality, the plaintiff suffered damages as
claimed and the court had territorial jurisdiction to try the suit. Lastly, it was held
that the plaintiff was entitled to the damages and the suit was accordingly
decreed. The lower appellate court formulated two points for consideration. The
first point was about the territorial jurisdiction of the court at Agra to try the suit.
This was held in the affirmative and in favour of the plaintiff. The second point was
whether the contract was in respect of the goods of specific description and the
plaintiff failed to satisfy the defendant about the quality of goods, if so, its effect.
This was answered by holding that the goods contracted for purchase, were
of specific description and the plaintiff failed to satisfy the defendant about the quality
of the goods and as such was not entitled to any amount claimed by way of
damages.
18. CASE 5.7 Petitioner: P.S.N.S.Ambalavana Chettiar & Co., vs Respondent: Express
Newspapers Ltd, Bombay* / Date of Judgement: 10 November 1967**
Facts: Suit under Indian Sale of Goods Act, Secs 18 and 54(2): Sale of unascertained goods:
When property passes; repudiation of contract, vendor’s right of resale when arises.
On 13 November 1951, the respondent agreed to sell to the appellants a stock of
415 tonnes of newsprint in sheets then lying in the respondent’s godown. On 26
November, the parties varied the contract by agreeing that the appellants would buy
only 300 tons out of the stock of 415 tonnes. After taking delivery of a part of the
newsprint, the appellants refused to take delivery of the balance and repudiated the
contract on 29 March 1952. On 21 April the respondent, after notice to the appellants,
resold the balance at a lesser rate. The suit filed by the respondent claiming from the
appellants the deficiency on resale was decreed.
Judgement: The claim of the respondent unsustainable.
19. Reason: As the respondent was not a pledger of the newsprint, the
respondent had no right to sell the goods under Sec. 176 of the
Indian Contract Act. 1872. A seller can claim as damages the
difference between the contract price and the amount realized on
resale of
the goods where he has the right of resale under Sec. 54(2) of the
Indian Sale of Goods Act, 1930. But this statutory power of resale
arises only if the property in the goods has passed to the buyer
subject to the lien of the unpaid seller. Under Sec. 18 of the Sale of
Goods Act, it is a condition precedent to the passing of property under
a contract of sale that the goods are ascertained. In the present
case, when the contract was originally
entered into for the sale of 415 tonnes there was an unconditional
contract for the sale of specific goods in a deliverable state and the
property in those goods then passed to
the appellants.
21. CASE 5.8
Petitioner: Sitaram Srigopal vs Respondent: Smt. Daualti Devi (Dead) By Heirs*
Date of Judgement: 1 October 1979
Facts: On 26 August 1950, Tulsiram Shaw sold 1540 ‘value sluice water flanged and
drilled to B.S.T.C.4’.specific goods for a sum of `35,200 to the partnership firm of
Sitaram Srigopal. The latter paid the entire price in cash to the former.Tulsiram
Shaw further promised to hand over the release order of the goods and/or
delivery order by 28 August 1950, to enable the firm to take delivery of these
goods from Panagarh. Tulsiram neglected or refused to deliver the said release
order in spite of demands by Sitaram Srigopal. On the preceding allegations,
Sitaram Srigopal instituted a suit in the high court of Calcutta againstthe original
defendant,Tulsiram Shaw, on 15 January 1951, for specific performance by the
defendants to deliver the said specific goods on the ground that these goods were
not readily available in the market and were of some big value and, therefore,
damages would not afford adequate relief for the loss of the goods. In the
alternative, the plaintiff claimed refund of the price of `35,200 with interest at 6
per cent per annum and a further sum of `1,32,559 as damages being the
difference between the contract price and the market price of the goods on the
date of the breach, namely, the end of August 1950.The suit was resisted by the
original defendant, who, in his written statement, pleaded that he was, at all
material times ,ready and willing to deliver the release order to the plaintiff and
had, in fact, offered to do so, but the latter requested the defendant to cancel the
contract and refund the amount of `35,200 by cheque on 21 September 1950, but
the plaintiff declined to accept it. During the pendency of the suit, the original
defendant died on 15 November 1959 and his widow, Smt. Daulata Devi and heirs
were impleaded as defendants in place of the deceased.
22. Judgement: Appeal fails. Dismissed with costs.
Reason: It is clear from the above conspectus that the evidence produced by
the plaintiff was
not cogent, convincing, and reliable to establish, either that the goods in
question
comprised were in brand new condition, or the market price of goods of
similar
specifications in August 1950. In view of the circumstantial evidence on the
record,
the court below was not wrong in holding that the market price of the goods
in
question in August 1950 was the same at which they were purchased by the
plaintiff
from Tulsiram Bhagwandas and, consequently, the plaintiff was not entitled
to any
damages, apart from the refund of `35,200 which was the price paid by him
24. CASE 5.9
Petitioner: Consolidated Coffee Ltd vs Respondent: Coffee Board, Bangalore*
Date of Judgement: 15 April 1980
Facts: The Coffee Board of India is a statutory corporation. Export of coffee outside
India is particularly controlled under the Act and the Rules by the Coffee Board.
Coffee can be exported either by the Coffee Board directly to parties outside India or
the Coffee Board authorizes other exporters to effect such exports. For effecting
exports
through other exporters the Coffee Board periodically conducts auctions known as
‘export auctions’ and it follows a procedure in that behalf.To be able to bid at these
auctions, exporters have to get themselves registered with the Board.
The Coffee Board issued a circular dated 7 February 1977 to the registered
exporters of coffee, by which it took the view that in order to avail of the benefit of
Sec. 5(3) of the Central Sales Tax Act as amended by Amendment Act 103 of 1976,
in respect of the coffee sold by it at the export auctions the registered exporters
(bidders) should satisfy three conditions: (a) they must have an export contract (i.e.,
either agreement or order) from a foreign buyer; (b) they must have it on hand at
the time when they participate in the export auction; and (c) they should give proof
of the export of the coffee purchased at the auction.
25. The petitioners, who are registered exporters of coffee, therefore have filed
under Article 32 of the Constitution raising an important question of proper
construction of Sec. 5(3), of the Central Sales Tax Act as amended by
Amending
Act (103 of 1976) and also challenging the constitutional validity of the
circular
dated 7 February 1977, issued by the Coffee Board, whereby it required the
petitioners and other registered exporters of coffee to furnish contingency
deposits
or bank guarantees equal to the amount of sales tax in respect of the
exempted
sales under the said Sec. 5(3) of the Central Sales Tax Act and praying for its
cancellation or withdrawal and consequential reliefs.
26. Reason: Sec. 5(3) of the Central Sales Tax Act as amended by the Amendment Act 103 of 1976
is not ultra vires to Article 286(2) of the Constitution and the said provision neither
creates any legal Action nor is it beyond the power or authority conferred on
Parliament by Article 286(2) of the Constitution. [645A-D] It is true that the word
deemed has been used in Sec. 5(3) but the same word has been used not merely in
Sec. 5(1) but also in the other two Sec.s 3 and 4 of Chapter II of the Central Sales
Tax Act which has the heading ‘Formulations of Principles’ for determining when a
sale or purchase of goods takes place in the course of inter-state trade or commerce
or outside a State or in the course of export or import.
In the penultimate sales (sales of coffee effected to registered exporters at export
auctions conducted by the Coffee Board) the property in the coffee sold there passes
to the buyer immediately upon payment of full price, weight, and setting apart of
coffee for delivery to the buyer under Cls. 19 and 20 of the Auction Conditions and
it would be at this stage, i.e., just before this stage is reached that the agreement with
or order from a foreign buyer must be available or produced in order to attract Sec.
5 (3) of the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956. [674C-D]
Exporters’ assessments or recoveries if made in conformity with judgement need
not be disturbed. Similarly, contingency deposits or bank guarantees already obtained
by the Coffee Board from the registered exporters, if they are contrary to judgement,
these will be refunded or released forthwith, as the case may be, by the Coffee Board