Case study pptx
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This document discusses liquid loading issues in two gas wells, Well Y and Well Z. It provides reservoir and completion parameters for each well, and calculates the critical gas velocity and flow rate for each using established models. Both wells are experiencing liquid loading as their gas rates are below the critical values. It is proposed to install sand screens and re-complete the wells with selective reverse circulation pumps to address the liquid loading by keeping production below the perforations and allowing gas to flow through the annulus. The total capital costs and payback periods for implementing this solution are estimated for each well.
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𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Case study pptx
- 1. SOLVIER CASE STUDY SOLUTION submitted by :- Jash PATEL Vishal Vyas
- 2. Sand Production in Well Liquid Loading What is liquid loading? Liquid loading occurs when the gas velocity is insufficient to carry the produced liquid to surface facilities.
- 3. Liquid loading cause the slug flow which cease the production of gas. Difficult to identify. Identification of Liquid loading in Gas wells Turner, Hubbard and Dukler & Coleman find the liquid transport model in vertical gas flow. Model is known as “minimum critical flow rate” or “critical velocity”- If Vg(Gas Velocity) < (Vgc) Critical Velocity , Cause liquid loading.
- 4. where, Vgc: Critical gas velocity (ft/s) K Constant : 1.92 ( Turner ),1.59 (Coleman) σ :Surface tension liquid to gas ( dyne/cm) ρg: Density of gas ( lb/ft3) ρl: Density of liquid ( lb/ft3) Qgc: Critical gas rate (MMscf/d) Vgc: Critical gas velocity (ft/S) A: Cross sectional area (ft2) T: Temperature (F) P: Pressure (psi) Z: Compressibility factor 𝑄𝑔𝑐 = 3.06 ∗ 𝑃 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ 𝑉𝑔𝑐 𝑇 + 460 ∗ 𝑧
- 5. For Well Y Reservoir Parameters Completion Parameters Perf Depth (m) 858-860.5 Tubing Size * 2 7/8” or 2 Reservoir Pr(KSc): 79 Casing Size 5 ½” FBHP (KSc): 77 Production Casing Shoe 927 Production Details: Last gas flow rate recorded (m3 /d):15850 Last liquid rate recorded (m3 /d): 9 Water cut (%): 100 Expected THP(KSc): 25 Given Data
- 6. Now calculating the critical velocity by assuming the following data: Density of gas (ρg): 0.0401 lb/ft3 Compressibility factor Z: 0.85 Surface Tension: 60 dyne/cm Reservoir temp.: 114.8 F Density of water(ρL): 67 lb/ft3 Calculating the critical velocity Vgc = 63.2271 ft/s Qgc = 211701.86 m3/d Here Qgc > Qg Note: assumed data is same for both the Well Y & Z.
- 7. For Well Z Reservoir Parameters Completion Parameters Perf Depth (m): 790-795 Tubing Size: 2 7/8” or 2 3/8” Reservoir Pr (KSc): 76 Production Casing size: 5 ½” Flowing Bottom Hole Pressure Production casing shoe (m): 798 (KSc): 71 Production Details Last gas flow rate recorded (m3/d): 16000 Last liquid rate recorded (m3 /d): 7.604 Water cut (%): 100 Expected THP (KSc): 25
- 8. From the values we have we got the value of critical velocity & critical flow rate as following: Vgc = 63.2271 ft/s Qgc = 195205.61 m3/d Here Qgc>Qgz
- 9. In Both Well, Liquid Loading. Using SRP, We keep it Below Perforation. Gas Comes out from annulus.
- 10. Economic Analysis • CAPEX • SRP :- Rs 30 lakhs • Tubing cost :- Y :- 800 x 900= Rs 7.2 lakhs Z :- 800 x 796= Rs 6.36lakhs • Workover cost :- Rig Operating Day Rate (RODR) :- 22.5 lakhs Inter location move Charges (ILMC ):- 6.5 lakhs Rig Transportation Cost :- 5.1 lakhs GST :- +12% Total :- 38.192 lakhs • Sand screen :- 1 lakhs
- 11. Total CAPEX Y :- Rs 82.752 lakhs Z :- Rs 84.75 lakhs (Assume Separator Cost 2 lakhs) Revenue Y :- Rs 2.92 lakhs / Day Z :- Rs 2.95 lakhs / Day Payback period Y :- 28.3 Days Z :- 29 Days