Carter Morley andErenaErickson live side by side in town homes joine.pdf
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Carter Morley andErenaErickson live side by side in town homes joined together by a shared wall. Both residences are in need of new exterior paint. On Monday, Morley calls a painter, Tom Sizemore, having selected his name from the classified section of the phone directory. Morley describes his address, the physical dimensions and structure of his home, and he agrees with Sizemore that the work will be performed that Friday. Sizemore estimates that with his crew of five, and given the relatively small size of the home, the work will only take one day to complete. Morley advises that although he will have to work a fourteen-hour day on Friday, he would like to have the work completed in his absence. In passing conversation with his neighbor Erickson, Morley advises her of his “home improvement” plans. Early Friday morning, Sizemore and his team arrive at the address, but by mistake, they begin work on Erickson’s side of building. AlthoughErenais home, she does not object to the work, nor does she inform Sizemore and his crew of the mistake. Midway through the day, she offers them fresh-squeezed lemonade and ham sandwiches, and they heartily accept. Upon completion of the work at 7:00 p.m. Friday evening, Sizemore knocks onErena’sdoor and asks if “the man of the home” is present, that he would like Morley to review the work and pay the agreed-upon price for the work.Erenachuckles, and “breaks the news” that the painting crew has made a mistake, one to her benefit. Erickson proclaims “I do not owe you one dime, because you do not have a contract with me; I will give you ten minutes to remove yourself and your materials from my property, or I will call the police.” Do Erickson and Sizemore have a contract? If so, why? If not, are there any other theories of recovery available to Sizemore? Solution Fictional contract refers to the contract forced by the court as a legal process to prevent injustice. It is forced in favor of persecuted party and against the party who get an undue advantage at the expenses of the other. Hence, Erickson and Sizemore has fictional contract..
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Bats rely on sound localization to be able to fly during the night. O.pdf
Bats rely on sound localization to be able to fly during the night. On a cool 20 degree C summer
night, a bat produces an ultrasonic sound with a frequency of 37 kHz. What is the wavelength of
this ultrasound, in meters? While remaining stationary, the bat emits a sound pulse and receives
an echo after 0.130 s. How far away, in meters, is the reflecting object from the bat?
Solution
1) wave length of ultra sound waves = velocity / frequency
= 330/37kHz ( velocity of ultra sound waves in air = 330 m/sec)
=.00089189m
2) time taken = .130
distance travelled for the sound pulse = 2*d ( because it is also returing back after strucking the
object)
v*t=2*d
d= 330*.130/2=21.45m.
A layer of dirt must be spread over a circular area 13.5 feet in dia.pdf
A layer of dirt must be spread over a circular area 13.5 feet in diameter. How deep a layer will be
obtained using 75 cubic feet of dirt? Round to the nearest tenth.
Solution
Dirt deposit would form a cylider of 75 cubic feet of volume
Volume = pi(r^2)*h
r = 13.5 feet
75 = pi(13.5)^2 *h
where h is depth of dirt
h =0.13 = 0.1 feet.
Discuss the impact that the tonnage of sulfur or sulfuric acid recov.pdf
Discuss the impact that the tonnage of sulfur or sulfuric acid recovered from SO2 in flue gas
treatment would have upon the chemical industry if all coal- and oil-fired were required to use
such treatment processes.
Solution
YEs, definitely we must required to use FGD as sulfur dioxide enters the air mainly from
industrial processes and from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels with a substantial sulfur (S)
content and represents a major source of air pollution. Sulfur dioxide is a colorless, corrosive gas
that has a bitter taste, but no smell at low levels. The share of SO2 emissions comes from the use
of coal and oil in fossil-fired power plants, in industrial combustion units, in small combustion
units in households, and in vehicles. Besides the concentration of SO2 in stack gases emitted by
steam generation plants is usually in the range of 800 to 6000 mg/Nm3, the volume of gases
produced by the utility industry worldwide results in the liberation of a large tonnage of sulfur
dioxide into the atmosphere.Sulfur dioxide is a chemical that can be dangerous in many ways. At
lower levels, sulfur dioxide has been found to be a corrosive irritant to eyes and skin. Sulfur
dioxide has been associated with a variety of respiratory diseases and increased mortality rates.
Inhalation of sulfur dioxide can cause increased airway resistance by constricting lung passages.
Sulfur dioxide is also one of the main ingredients in acid rain. Acid rain occurs when sulfur
dioxide or other gaseous chemicals, such as nitrogen oxides, are released into the air. These
gases ascend through the atmosphere, and when they reach upper cloud levels, they react with
water, oxygen, and sunlight.Various concentrations of sulfuric acid and nitric acid are then
produced. These acids mix with the condensed water vapor in the clouds and fall to the ground
with the water in various forms of precipitation. This precipitation with greater acidity is what is
known as acid rain. Acid rain is dangerous to many natural ecosystems; it can harm plants, sand,
make water undrinkable, and unlivable for many animals. The biggest producers of sulfur
dioxide emissions are electrical utilities that produce electricity through the burning of fossil
fuels.Sulfur dioxide emissions, from combustion installations using coal or HFO, can be reduced
by fuel desulfurization or by FGD, as well as by a combination of these two measures.
Flue gas desulfurization is an efficient method for the reduction of the sulfur dioxide emissions.2
Many processes are available in the market, such as (a) wet scrubbers, (b) spray dry scrubbers,
(c) sorbent injection, (d) regenerable processes, and (e) combined SO2/NOX removal processes.
You have decided to go to graduate school for Molecular Biology (yay!.pdf
You have decided to go to graduate school for Molecular Biology (yay!). Your first project
involves investigating the regulation of expression of a gene suspected to be involved in the
immune response to Zika Virus (we\'ll call this gene ZV1). You have found that this gene is
expressed when someone is infected by Zika, but is not expressed in uninfected people. You
believe that this is due to a change in a histone modification. Come up with a hypothesis for
what type of change in histone modification may be responsible for the expression of this gene
upon infection with Zika. Describe, in detail, an experiment to test your hypothesis. Include any
necessary controls. Assuming your hypothesis is correct (of course it is), draw the results of the
experiment (it doesn\'t have to be perfect, do the best you can). One of your friends in graduate
school is super interested in your project. She thinks that there may be an epigenetic component
to the expression of this gene in response to Zika Virus other than that of histone modifications.
Describe a non-chromatin based mechanism for this and briefly describe how you might test this.
Solution
Thanks for the question.
a. A hypothesis for the mechanism of expression of gene following infection with zika virus is
follows
the zika virus upon entering the body produces a translation whereby a RNA genome is produced
which enters the endosomal membrane of the host cell causing the symptoms of zika virus fever
etc
b. an elisa test (enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay) which could test either the zika virus or its
translated RNA could be a good way of assessing the infection of zika virus.
c. A standard can be set up on the number of zika virus or its replicated RNA which is necessary
to be present in the body of the infected patient to call him to be actively infected with the virus.
This will decide for subsequent patients if they are infected with the virus and also if they are
actively carrying the infection.
d. the original hypothesis stated above is already having an epigenetic component. Hence its
detection and other procedures are already mentioned above.
Regards.
write the HTML to associate a web page with an external style sheet .pdf
write the HTML to associate a web page with an external style sheet named myprint.css to
configure a printout
Solution
We have to use the follwing line in HTML
Also we have to ensure the myprint.css is printer friendly. For example,
we should not display ant href tag in print format. So hide all the links and so on..
Why was any carbon-containing molecule originally called organic.pdf
Why was any carbon-containing molecule originally called \"organic\"? A. Carbon-containing
molecules were thought to be only produced by organisms. B. Carbon-containing molecules
contain organic substances within them that cannot be synthesized inorganically. C. Carbon-
containing molecules do not contain hydrogen or oxygen, the inorganic parts of organisms. D.
Carbon-containing molecules were thought to be present only outside of organisms - in the
inorganic areas of the earth: water, air, and stone.
Solution
Correct answer (A)
It was once thought that organic compounds could only be created by living organisms..
Which of the following is true about indexes and index design a. in.pdf
Which of the following is true about indexes and index design? a. indexes usually speed up
write operations b. a composite index is an index on a single column c. indexes should be
created on columns used by WHERE and BY clauses d. an index is created for every foreign
key by default
Solution
Answer: Indexes should be created on columns used by WHERE and BY clauses.
Indexes are used for retrieve the records fast. So we have to mention the column names in
WHERE clause and By clause in which we created the columns for fast retrieval of the records..
Write a java program to randomly generate the following sets of data.pdf
Write a java program to randomly generate the following sets of data:
1.) 10 numbers
2.) 1,000 numbers
3.) 100,000 numbers
4.) 1,000,000 numbers
5.) 10,000,000 numbers
Your program must sort the above sets of numbers using the following algorithms:
1.) Insertion Sort
2.) Merge Sort
3.) Quick Sort
4.) Heap Sort
Print out the time each algorithm takes to sort the above numbers
Solution
import java.util.Random;
public class Sort {
private int[] array;
private int size ;
public Sort(int n){
array = new int[n];
size = n;
Random rand = new Random();
for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++ ) {
array[i] = rand.nextInt(100000) ;
}
}
public void print(){
for (int i = 0; i < size ; i++ ) {
System.out.print(array[i] + \" \");
}
System.out.println(\"\");
}
void insertion_sort()
{
for (int i=1; i=0 && array[j] > key)
{
array[j+1] = array[j];
j = j-1;
}
array[j+1] = key;
}
}
void merge(int arr[], int l, int m, int r)
{
// Find sizes of two subarrays to be merged
int n1 = m - l + 1;
int n2 = r - m;
/* Create temp arrays */
int L[] = new int [n1];
int R[] = new int [n2];
/*Copy data to temp arrays*/
for (int i=0; i Array to be sorted,
low --> Starting index,
high --> Ending index */
void quick_sort(int low, int high)
{
if (low < high)
{
/* pi is partitioning index, arr[pi] is
now at right place */
int pi = partition(array, low, high);
// Recursively sort elements before
// partition and after partition
quick_sort(low, pi-1);
quick_sort(pi+1, high);
}
}
public void heap_sort()
{
int n = array.length;
// Build heap (rearrange array)
for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--)
heapify(array, n, i);
// One by one extract an element from heap
for (int i=n-1; i>=0; i--)
{
// Move current root to end
int temp = array[0];
array[0] = array[i];
array[i] = temp;
// call max heapify on the reduced heap
heapify(array, i, 0);
}
}
// To heapify a subtree rooted with node i which is
// an index in arr[]. n is size of heap
void heapify(int arr[], int n, int i)
{
int largest = i; // Initialize largest as root
int l = 2*i + 1; // left = 2*i + 1
int r = 2*i + 2; // right = 2*i + 2
// If left child is larger than root
if (l < n && arr[l] > arr[largest])
largest = l;
// If right child is larger than largest so far
if (r < n && arr[r] > arr[largest])
largest = r;
// If largest is not root
if (largest != i)
{
int swap = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[largest];
arr[largest] = swap;
// Recursively heapify the affected sub-tree
heapify(arr, n, largest);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Sort sort1 = new Sort(10);
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
sort1.insertion_sort();
long time = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
//sort1.print();
System.out.println(\"insertion_sort for 10 numbers take \" + time + \" ms \");
sort1 = new Sort(10);
start = System.currentTimeMillis();
sort1.merge_sort(0,9);
time = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
//sort1.print();
System.out.println(\"merge_sort for 10 numbers take \" + time + \" ms \");
sort1 = new Sort(10);
start = System.currentTimeMillis();
sort1.quick_sor.
Recommended
Bats rely on sound localization to be able to fly during the night. O.pdf
Bats rely on sound localization to be able to fly during the night. On a cool 20 degree C summer
night, a bat produces an ultrasonic sound with a frequency of 37 kHz. What is the wavelength of
this ultrasound, in meters? While remaining stationary, the bat emits a sound pulse and receives
an echo after 0.130 s. How far away, in meters, is the reflecting object from the bat?
Solution
1) wave length of ultra sound waves = velocity / frequency
= 330/37kHz ( velocity of ultra sound waves in air = 330 m/sec)
=.00089189m
2) time taken = .130
distance travelled for the sound pulse = 2*d ( because it is also returing back after strucking the
object)
v*t=2*d
d= 330*.130/2=21.45m.
A layer of dirt must be spread over a circular area 13.5 feet in dia.pdf
A layer of dirt must be spread over a circular area 13.5 feet in diameter. How deep a layer will be
obtained using 75 cubic feet of dirt? Round to the nearest tenth.
Solution
Dirt deposit would form a cylider of 75 cubic feet of volume
Volume = pi(r^2)*h
r = 13.5 feet
75 = pi(13.5)^2 *h
where h is depth of dirt
h =0.13 = 0.1 feet.
Discuss the impact that the tonnage of sulfur or sulfuric acid recov.pdf
Discuss the impact that the tonnage of sulfur or sulfuric acid recovered from SO2 in flue gas
treatment would have upon the chemical industry if all coal- and oil-fired were required to use
such treatment processes.
Solution
YEs, definitely we must required to use FGD as sulfur dioxide enters the air mainly from
industrial processes and from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels with a substantial sulfur (S)
content and represents a major source of air pollution. Sulfur dioxide is a colorless, corrosive gas
that has a bitter taste, but no smell at low levels. The share of SO2 emissions comes from the use
of coal and oil in fossil-fired power plants, in industrial combustion units, in small combustion
units in households, and in vehicles. Besides the concentration of SO2 in stack gases emitted by
steam generation plants is usually in the range of 800 to 6000 mg/Nm3, the volume of gases
produced by the utility industry worldwide results in the liberation of a large tonnage of sulfur
dioxide into the atmosphere.Sulfur dioxide is a chemical that can be dangerous in many ways. At
lower levels, sulfur dioxide has been found to be a corrosive irritant to eyes and skin. Sulfur
dioxide has been associated with a variety of respiratory diseases and increased mortality rates.
Inhalation of sulfur dioxide can cause increased airway resistance by constricting lung passages.
Sulfur dioxide is also one of the main ingredients in acid rain. Acid rain occurs when sulfur
dioxide or other gaseous chemicals, such as nitrogen oxides, are released into the air. These
gases ascend through the atmosphere, and when they reach upper cloud levels, they react with
water, oxygen, and sunlight.Various concentrations of sulfuric acid and nitric acid are then
produced. These acids mix with the condensed water vapor in the clouds and fall to the ground
with the water in various forms of precipitation. This precipitation with greater acidity is what is
known as acid rain. Acid rain is dangerous to many natural ecosystems; it can harm plants, sand,
make water undrinkable, and unlivable for many animals. The biggest producers of sulfur
dioxide emissions are electrical utilities that produce electricity through the burning of fossil
fuels.Sulfur dioxide emissions, from combustion installations using coal or HFO, can be reduced
by fuel desulfurization or by FGD, as well as by a combination of these two measures.
Flue gas desulfurization is an efficient method for the reduction of the sulfur dioxide emissions.2
Many processes are available in the market, such as (a) wet scrubbers, (b) spray dry scrubbers,
(c) sorbent injection, (d) regenerable processes, and (e) combined SO2/NOX removal processes.
You have decided to go to graduate school for Molecular Biology (yay!.pdf
You have decided to go to graduate school for Molecular Biology (yay!). Your first project
involves investigating the regulation of expression of a gene suspected to be involved in the
immune response to Zika Virus (we\'ll call this gene ZV1). You have found that this gene is
expressed when someone is infected by Zika, but is not expressed in uninfected people. You
believe that this is due to a change in a histone modification. Come up with a hypothesis for
what type of change in histone modification may be responsible for the expression of this gene
upon infection with Zika. Describe, in detail, an experiment to test your hypothesis. Include any
necessary controls. Assuming your hypothesis is correct (of course it is), draw the results of the
experiment (it doesn\'t have to be perfect, do the best you can). One of your friends in graduate
school is super interested in your project. She thinks that there may be an epigenetic component
to the expression of this gene in response to Zika Virus other than that of histone modifications.
Describe a non-chromatin based mechanism for this and briefly describe how you might test this.
Solution
Thanks for the question.
a. A hypothesis for the mechanism of expression of gene following infection with zika virus is
follows
the zika virus upon entering the body produces a translation whereby a RNA genome is produced
which enters the endosomal membrane of the host cell causing the symptoms of zika virus fever
etc
b. an elisa test (enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay) which could test either the zika virus or its
translated RNA could be a good way of assessing the infection of zika virus.
c. A standard can be set up on the number of zika virus or its replicated RNA which is necessary
to be present in the body of the infected patient to call him to be actively infected with the virus.
This will decide for subsequent patients if they are infected with the virus and also if they are
actively carrying the infection.
d. the original hypothesis stated above is already having an epigenetic component. Hence its
detection and other procedures are already mentioned above.
Regards.
write the HTML to associate a web page with an external style sheet .pdf
write the HTML to associate a web page with an external style sheet named myprint.css to
configure a printout
Solution
We have to use the follwing line in HTML
Also we have to ensure the myprint.css is printer friendly. For example,
we should not display ant href tag in print format. So hide all the links and so on..
Why was any carbon-containing molecule originally called organic.pdf
Why was any carbon-containing molecule originally called \"organic\"? A. Carbon-containing
molecules were thought to be only produced by organisms. B. Carbon-containing molecules
contain organic substances within them that cannot be synthesized inorganically. C. Carbon-
containing molecules do not contain hydrogen or oxygen, the inorganic parts of organisms. D.
Carbon-containing molecules were thought to be present only outside of organisms - in the
inorganic areas of the earth: water, air, and stone.
Solution
Correct answer (A)
It was once thought that organic compounds could only be created by living organisms..
Which of the following is true about indexes and index design a. in.pdf
Which of the following is true about indexes and index design? a. indexes usually speed up
write operations b. a composite index is an index on a single column c. indexes should be
created on columns used by WHERE and BY clauses d. an index is created for every foreign
key by default
Solution
Answer: Indexes should be created on columns used by WHERE and BY clauses.
Indexes are used for retrieve the records fast. So we have to mention the column names in
WHERE clause and By clause in which we created the columns for fast retrieval of the records..
Write a java program to randomly generate the following sets of data.pdf
Write a java program to randomly generate the following sets of data:
1.) 10 numbers
2.) 1,000 numbers
3.) 100,000 numbers
4.) 1,000,000 numbers
5.) 10,000,000 numbers
Your program must sort the above sets of numbers using the following algorithms:
1.) Insertion Sort
2.) Merge Sort
3.) Quick Sort
4.) Heap Sort
Print out the time each algorithm takes to sort the above numbers
Solution
import java.util.Random;
public class Sort {
private int[] array;
private int size ;
public Sort(int n){
array = new int[n];
size = n;
Random rand = new Random();
for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++ ) {
array[i] = rand.nextInt(100000) ;
}
}
public void print(){
for (int i = 0; i < size ; i++ ) {
System.out.print(array[i] + \" \");
}
System.out.println(\"\");
}
void insertion_sort()
{
for (int i=1; i=0 && array[j] > key)
{
array[j+1] = array[j];
j = j-1;
}
array[j+1] = key;
}
}
void merge(int arr[], int l, int m, int r)
{
// Find sizes of two subarrays to be merged
int n1 = m - l + 1;
int n2 = r - m;
/* Create temp arrays */
int L[] = new int [n1];
int R[] = new int [n2];
/*Copy data to temp arrays*/
for (int i=0; i Array to be sorted,
low --> Starting index,
high --> Ending index */
void quick_sort(int low, int high)
{
if (low < high)
{
/* pi is partitioning index, arr[pi] is
now at right place */
int pi = partition(array, low, high);
// Recursively sort elements before
// partition and after partition
quick_sort(low, pi-1);
quick_sort(pi+1, high);
}
}
public void heap_sort()
{
int n = array.length;
// Build heap (rearrange array)
for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--)
heapify(array, n, i);
// One by one extract an element from heap
for (int i=n-1; i>=0; i--)
{
// Move current root to end
int temp = array[0];
array[0] = array[i];
array[i] = temp;
// call max heapify on the reduced heap
heapify(array, i, 0);
}
}
// To heapify a subtree rooted with node i which is
// an index in arr[]. n is size of heap
void heapify(int arr[], int n, int i)
{
int largest = i; // Initialize largest as root
int l = 2*i + 1; // left = 2*i + 1
int r = 2*i + 2; // right = 2*i + 2
// If left child is larger than root
if (l < n && arr[l] > arr[largest])
largest = l;
// If right child is larger than largest so far
if (r < n && arr[r] > arr[largest])
largest = r;
// If largest is not root
if (largest != i)
{
int swap = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[largest];
arr[largest] = swap;
// Recursively heapify the affected sub-tree
heapify(arr, n, largest);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Sort sort1 = new Sort(10);
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
sort1.insertion_sort();
long time = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
//sort1.print();
System.out.println(\"insertion_sort for 10 numbers take \" + time + \" ms \");
sort1 = new Sort(10);
start = System.currentTimeMillis();
sort1.merge_sort(0,9);
time = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
//sort1.print();
System.out.println(\"merge_sort for 10 numbers take \" + time + \" ms \");
sort1 = new Sort(10);
start = System.currentTimeMillis();
sort1.quick_sor.
What kind of organisms likely perished due to the increase of oxygen .pdf
What kind of organisms likely perished due to the increase of oxygen in the atmosphere three
billion years ago? heterotrophs cyanobacteria obligate aerobes obligate anaerobes facultative
anaerobes In the accompanying figure, note the variation in these closely related birds. What
does this illustrate\'? hybridization macroevolution hybrid inviability adaptive radiation
allometric radiation One critical requirement for life to arise on Earth was time for which to
occur? The salinity of the oceans to stabilize The Earth\'s various climates to stabilize
Molecules to accumulate and react with one another
Solution
6 . B cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria increased in high amount 3 billion yrs ago dur to sudden increase in oxygen in the
environment which caused fires. Anaerobes couldn\'t survive, as oxygen was toxic for them.
what is the HTTP protocol used for What are its major parts.pdf
what is the \"HTTP\" protocol used for? What are its major parts?
Solution
it is a application protocol for data communication for the world wide web
request and response method: it contains what type of action does client want to perform
uri:it is know as uniform resource indicator it will have the address of the required resource
header fileds:it will tell extra information about the request
body:it contains the data which sent by the client to the server
via: these are used proxies to display intermediate sites that the request passes.
What is the between facial action unit and facial landmark differenc.pdf
What is the between facial action unit and facial landmark differences ?
Solution
There is a difference between the facial action unit and facial landmark.
The difference can be illustrated as follows:
FACIAL ACTION UNIT:
Humans interact far more naturally with each other tahn they do with machines. To approach the
naturalness of face-to-face human interaction machines should be able to emulate the way
humans communicate with each other. Although speech alone is often sufficient for
communicating with another person, non-verbal communicative cues can help to synchronize the
dialogue, to signal comprehensionor disagreement and to let the dialogue run smoother, with less
interruptions. With facial expresssions we clarify what is said by means of lip-reading, we stress
the importance of the spoken message by means of conversational signals like raisisng eyebrows,
and siognal comprehension,disagrreement,boredom and intensions.
Machine understanding of facial expressions could revolutionize user interfaces including
ambient,automotiveand robot interfaces and has become,therefore,a hot topic in computer-vision
approach.
FACIAL LANDMARK:
Localizing facial landmarks (i.e facial alignment) is a fundamental step in facial image analysis.
However, the problem is still challenging due to the large variability in pose and appearence, and
the existence of occlusions in real-world face images.
EGM (Exemplar-based graph matching) framework is used in the facial landmark
localization.Compared to conventional algorithms, EGM has three advantages:.
What are contemporary management challenges and opportunitiesSo.pdf
What are contemporary management challenges and opportunities?
Solution
Contemporary management challenges are:-
The character of ownership
Globalization and anti-globalization
Social sustainability
Corporate social responsibility and corporate criminality
Environmentalsustainability
Organizational misbehaviour and resistance
Corporate governance
Masculinisation and Feminisation of Management
Organizational identity and identity work
New forms of work such as emotional labour and aesthetic labour
New organizational forms.
Valinomycin is a potassium ionophore. What would be its effect on in.pdf
Valinomycin is a potassium ionophore. What would be its effect on insulin secretion by cells
that were exposed to valinomycin?
Solution
Ionosphore are the molecules which can transfer a particular ions across a semi-permeambke
membrane..!! Valinomycin is also a ionophore which transfer the potassium across the cell
memberane..
Due to which when it is exposed to the beta cells of insulin it inhibits the secretion of insulin in
the body as potassium plays a major role in insulin secretion.. As the concentration of potassium
is disturbed in the beta cells in inhibits the insulin secretion.. Hence the blood glucose level
increases..!!.
The retrovirus genome is made of the nucleic acid before the virus be.pdf
The retrovirus genome is made of the nucleic acid before the virus becomes a provirus, in order
for that to occur the form of the genome must be converted to
Solution
1) Answer:
The retrovirus genome is made of the nucleic acid, RNA before the virus become a provirus; in
order that to occur, single stranded form of the genome must be converted to double stranded
form.
Explanation: A retrovirus is a single-stranded RNA virus with a DNA intermediate and, as an
obligate parasite, targets a host cell. In most viruses, DNA is transcribed into RNA, and then
RNA is translated into protein. However, retroviruses function differently, as their RNA is
reverse-transcribed into DNA (by an enzyme reverse transcriptase), which is integrated into the
host cell\'s genome (when it becomes a provirus), and then undergoes the usual transcription and
translational processes to express the genes carried by the virus.
2) Answer:
Human make RNA during a process called transcription.
Synthesis of RNA is usually catalyzed by an enzyme—RNA polymerase—using DNA as a
template, a process known as transcription..
the probability that it is raining is .25. the orbability that it is.pdf
the probability that it is raining is .25. the orbability that it is windy is .30. if it is windy, the
probability that it is raining is .40. what is the probabilty that it is raining and windy? assume that
the events raining and windy are not independent.
Solution
Let R denote the event of raining and W that of winding.
Given, P(R)=.25
P(W)=.3
and P(R|W) = .4
We know P(R|W) = P(RW) /P(W)
=> P(RW) = P(R|W)*P(W)
=>P(RW)=P(It is raining and windy)=(.4)*(.3)=0.12.
2)In presentation software, you can use a(n) ____ to add movement to.pdf
2)In presentation software, you can use a(n) ____ to add movement to an object or text.
a)transition b) animation c)operator d) vector
Solution
In presentation software, you can use animation to add movement to an object or text.
Animation add movement to text or object.
Slide transitions fit in the gaps between each slide which results in smoother presentations..
Significance of Discoveries in Genetics and DNA Our understandin.pdf
Significance of Discoveries in Genetics and DNA
Our understanding of genetic inheritance and the function of DNA in producing the
characteristics of the individual have been developing for more than 150 years.
Consider our current state of knowledge.
Link genetic characteristics to DNA structure.
Explain how DNA through the process of protein synthesis is responsible for the ultimate
expression of the characteristics in the organism.
Describe how interference in protein synthesis can result in disruption of cellular and bodily
processes?
How does the significance of one class of proteins, the enzymes, relate?
Please answer all questions!
Solution
1. Genes are segments of chromosome and correspond to DNA sequence(s). The DNA segment
carries coded information for the synthesis of specific proteins which carry out different
functions in the cell. The characters are expressed through proteins.
DNA is packed into chromosomes. In gametes, the chromosome number is halved. The fusion of
gametes in zygotes restores the chromosome number.
2. Segments of DNA called genes carry traits in encoded form. The genes undergo transcription
(transfer of information from DNA to RNA). This is followed by translation which is the transfer
of information from the RNA to the protein. The characters are expressed through proteins which
are specific in function.
3. Various antimicrobial drugs interfere with the process of protein synthesis at the ribosome
level. The information encoded in the nucleotides of DNA are expressed through proteins which
carry out specific functions in the cell. Disruption of protein synthesis prevents the biochemical
pathways and specific functions of proteins.
4. Enzymes are responsible for controlling various vital activities in the cell. They synthesize,
deliver and eliminate various chemicals. Enzymes undergo slow depletion which reduces overall
strength and viatality of the human body..
Scope is much less complicated if functions cannot contain other func.pdf
Scope is much less complicated if functions cannot contain other function definitions (C++,
Java: cannot; Ada, Pascal, Ada, Python, Ruby, Lisp: can). Give one good reason why functions
should not contain other function definitions. Give one good reason why it should be allowed.
Solution
A function is the smallest block of code to perform a specific task. Which can be independently
invoked.
The variable defined in a function are available only to that block not to the whole program
which gives abstraction.
the scope and life of variable defined in the funciton are available only when it is invoked, which
saves memory as well.
b.
To keep a function isolated. It\'s only used inside the function which is invoked i.e. one place.
when it\'s locally used why define globally.It\'s just another way of breaking down a big function
into smaller pieces without affecting the global namespace with another function name. Quite
often the inner function isn\'t a stand-alone so doesn\'t rightfully belong in the global namespace..
Refer to the drawings in Figure 13.2 of a single pair of homologous c.pdf
Refer to the drawings in Figure 13.2 of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might
appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following questions
(28). Which diagram represents chromosomes in prophase I of meiosis? I II III IV V VI
Which diagram represents anaphase II of meiosis? I III IV V
Solution
26) IV
Explanation: During prophase I of meiosis, synapsed homologous chromosomes are observed as
tetrads.
27) II
Explanation: There is separation of centromeres. As a result, chromatids separate and they are
now called independent chromosomes..
Prions are viruses that cause proteins to misfold. Select one True.pdf
Prions are viruses that cause proteins to misfold. Select one: True False
Solution
12). FALSE
Prion is an infectious agent completely made of a protein known as PrP, they are not viruses.
Prions can fold in multiple ways to form different 3-D structures (means tertiary structure),
which makes them resistant to many of the sterilization processes such as heat, UV light,
formaldehyde and also resistant to proteases. Priones do not contain genetic material or capsid..
2.(Sorted list array implementation)This sorted list ADT discussed .pdf
2.(Sorted list: array implementation)This sorted list ADT discussed in class should be extended
by the addition of two new methods:
//Interface: ArrayListADT
//works for int
public interface ArrayListADT {
public boolean isEmpty(); //Method to determine whether the list is empty.
public boolean isFull(); //Method to determine whether the list is full.
public int listSize(); //Method to return the number of elements in the list.
public int maxListSize(); //Method to return the maximum size of the list.
public void print(); //Method to output the elements of the list.
public boolean isItemAtEqual(int location, int item); //Method to determine whether item is
the same as the item in the list at location.
public void insertAt(int location, int insertItem); //Method to insert insertItem in the list at
the position
public void insertEnd(int insertItem); //Method to insert insertItem at the end of the list.
public void removeAt(int location); //Method to remove the item from the list at location.
public int retrieveAt(int location); //Method to retrieve the element from the list at location.
public void replaceAt(int location, int repItem); //Method to replace the element in the list at
location with repItem.
public void clearList(); //Method to remove all the elements from the list.
public int search(int searchItem); //Method to determine whether searchItem is in the list.
public void remove(int removeItem); //Method to remove an item from the list.
}
//Class: ArrayListClass implements
//Interface: ArrayListADT
public abstract class ArrayListClass implements ArrayListADT {
protected int length; //to store the length of the list
protected int maxSize; //to store the maximum size of the list
protected int[] list; //array to hold the list elements
//Default constructor
public ArrayListClass() {
maxSize = 100;
length = 0;
list = new int[maxSize];
}
//Alternate Constructor
public ArrayListClass(int size) {
if(size <= 0) {
System.err.println(\"The array size must be positive. Creating an array of size 100.\");
maxSize = 100;
}
else
maxSize = size;
length = 0;
list = new int[maxSize];
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return (length == 0);
}
public boolean isFull() {
return (length == maxSize);
}
public int listSize() {
return length;
}
public int maxListSize() {
return maxSize;
}
public void print() {
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
System.out.print(list[i] + \" \");
System.out.println();
}
public boolean isItemAtEqual(int location, int item) {
if (location < 0 || location >= length) {
System.err.println(\"The location of the item to be compared is out of range.\");
return false;
}
return list[location]== item;
}
public void clearList() {
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
list[i] = 0;
length = 0;
System.gc(); //invoke the Java garbage collector
}
public void removeAt(int location) {
if (location < 0 || location >= length)
System.err.println(\"The location of the item to be removed is out of range.\");
else {
for(int i = location; i < length - 1; i++)
list[i] .
Organ transplants recipients take medications to suppress their immu.pdf
Organ transplants recipients take medications to suppress their immune system for a lifetime.
What specific type(s) of immune response are they suppressing? What types of infections are
they most susceptible to? Why?
Solution
Transplantation is the act of transferring cells, tissues, organs from one site to another. The
malfunction of an organ system can be corrected with transplantation of an organ ( eg: kidney,
liver, heart, lung, and pancreas) from donor
Immunosuppressive drugs:
1. immunophillin binding agents: eg: cyclosporine, tacrolimus these agents suppress calcineurin
inhibitors, they primarily suppress activation of T cells by inhibition of cytokine production IL-2
2.Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR inhibitors) which inhibitss IL-2 mediated signal
transduction result of B-cells, T-cells arrest in G1-S phase.
3. Antiproliferative agents inhibits DNA replication and suppress B-cell, T-cells proliferation.
4. Steriods important for treating episodes of acute rejection
5. NK cell inactivation
Use of immunosuppressive drugs requires balance between risk of loss of transplanted organ and
toxicity agents
Most susceptible infection of transplantation are shown below:
Bacterial infections: The type of bacteria infection observed following organ transplantation are
divided as follows:
1. Those related to transplantation operation
2. Those related to prolonged hospitalization (nosocomial infection)
3. Those related to immunosuppressive treatment
Bacterial infection occurs in 33 to 68% of liver transplant recipients, 21 to 30% of heart
transplant recipients and 35% pancrease transplant recipients, 47% of kidney transplant
recipients. The following bacteria causes infection during transplantation are given below:
Legionella spp
Nocardia spp
Salmonella spp
Listeria monocytogenes
Viral infections: Cytomegalovirus
Herpes Simplex Virus
Varicella Zoster Virus
Epistein barr Virus
HIV
Hepatitis Virus
Fungal infections: Candida spp
Cryptococcus neoformans
Endemic Dimorphic Fungi
Parasitic infections: Toxoplasma gondii
Strongylodies stercoralis.
Need Bacteria Factor VIII Bio wiz please, last chance!! Incorrect. A.pdf
Need Bacteria Factor VIII Bio wiz please, last chance!! Incorrect. At least one of the statements
you have selected is incorrect. Think about the similarities and differences between transcription
and translation in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. What cellular machinery involved is similar
in each type of organism? Order the steps that would be used in a laboratory to engineer a
bacterium that could express the human gene coding for factor ViI. Not all steps will be placed.
Continued below... solate the human gene that produces factor VIlI. The factor VIlI protein is
isolated from human tissues. Isolate the mRNA of the factor VIlIl gene. Generate cDNA of the
factor VIlI gene using reverse transcriptase.gene Insert the factor VIlII cDNA into a bacterial
vector near a promoter site Transform the vector into an E. coli bacterium. Human DNA is
introduced into the bacterial cell using a projectile gun and DNA-coated tungsten E. coli
expresses factor VIII. Scroll up for feedback
Solution
In the first section the last statement you have selected is incorrect i.e. there is no fit for the
sentence \"Human DNA is introduced into the bacterial cell using a projectile gun and DNA
coated tungsten\" as in the process of transformation the plasmid vector containing factor VII
gene under a bacterial promoter is already introduced inside the bacterial cell.
The plasmid vector containing factor VII gene under a bacterial promoter inside the bacterial cell
will be under bacterial promoter control. Universality of DNA sequence will allow it to
transcribe but codon biasness may hinder the expression. There is degeneracy of genetic codon
i.e. alternative triplet codon is used to mean for amino acids. When the triplet code for no amino
acid (stop codon) or tRNA for that code is not available the transcription terminates. If the tRNA
is not readily available then the transcription eventually terminates. So E. coli is added with
another plasmid like RIL/RIPL plus to supplement those tRNA those are frequently and
exclusively used in eukaryotic sequence. In RIPL plus cess there is no limited tRNA for R, I, P
and L so the code reads without attenuation.
So the Answer to the second question is \"The gene will induce attenuation in the bacterial cell,
which will cause a delay in the transcription and translation of the factor VII gene.
Instead of supplementing RIPL it would have been managed by modifying codon of the
introduced gene of factor VII for bacteria optimised codons but in the question it is mentioned
that the gene is unmodified.
The eukaryotic gene under bacterial promoter can be transcribed and translated using prokaryotic
system.
The intronic sequence is not present in the cDNA when it is reverse transcribed from mRNA as
introns are processed or removed in processed mRNA.
The plasmid vector containing factor VII gene under a bacterial promoter inside the bacterial
cell..
Multiplexing Question.Describe (briefly) the technique of multiple.pdf
Multiplexing Question.
Describe (briefly) the technique of multiplexed switching of analogue signals.
Solution
Different type of multiplexing is used in communication. The following three major multiplexing
techniques :
1.Frequency division multiplexing
2.Wavelength division multiplexing
3.Time division multiplexing
1. Frequency Division Multiplexing
In this type of multiplexing, signals are generated by sending different device-modulated carrier
frequencies, and these modulated signals are then combined into a single signal that can be
transported by the link. To accommodate the modulated signal, the carrier frequencies are
separated with enough bandwidth, and these bandwidth ranges are the channels through which
different signals travel. These channels can be separated by unused bandwidth. Some of the
examples for the time division multiplexing include radio and television signal transmission.
2. Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is a technology in fiber optic communications; and,
for the high capacity communication systems, wavelength division multiplexing is the most
promising concept.
This system uses multiplexer at transmitter to join signals and demultiplexer to split the signals
apart, at the receiver end.
The purpose of WDM is to combine multiple light sources into a single light source at the
multiplexer; and, at the demultiplexer the single light is converted into multiple light sources.
WDM is designed to use the high data rate capability of the fiber optic cable. The data rate of
this cable is higher than the metallic transmission cable’s data rate. Conceptually, the wavelength
division multiplexing is same as the frequency division multiplexing, except for the transmission
through the fiber optic channels wherein the multiplexing and demultiplexing involves optical
signals.
3. Time-Division Multiplexing
Time division multiplexing is a technique used to transmit a signal over a single communication
channel by dividing the time frame into slots – one slot for each message signal.
Time-division multiplexing is primarily applied to digital signals as well as analog signals,
wherein several low speed channels are multiplexed into high-speed channels for transmission.
Based on the time, each low-speed channel is allocated to a specific position, where it works in
synchronized mode. At both the ends, i.e., the multiplexer and demultiplexer are timely
synchronized and simultaneously switched to the next channel.
Types of TDM
Time division multiplexing is classifieds into four types:
*Synchronous time-division multiplexing
*Asynchronous time-division multiplexing
*Interleaving time-division multiplexing
*Statistical time-division multiplexing.
need this program in java please and thanks!NOTICE There are NO s.pdf
need this program in java please and thanks!
NOTICE: There are NO static variables allowed in this lab. The only class that a static method is
allowed is in the TestDriver class. The only static method that you actually really need is main.
The purpose of this lab is to give you an opportunity to create your own linked list data structure
and implement all the methods specified below to do list operations. The following specifies the
linked list class which you must implement. Only implement the methods listed below. Do NOT
add any additional member variables. class OrderedLinkedList { private class Node { // NOTE:
The member variables are public so the methods // of the OrderedLinkedList class have direct
access to them // NO setters and getters are needed – more efficient access. public String
payload; public int keyValue; public Node next; // Explicit value constructor for the Node class
public Node(String payload, int value) { …. } } private Node first; // This is the only member
variable allowed. // You can NOT add any other member variables!!!
public OrderedLinkedList ( ) { … } // default constructor public boolean empty( ) { … } //
returns true if list is empty public String getFirst( ) throws Exception { … } // The first node is
removed from the list and its payload is returned. // An exception with a meaningful error
message is thrown if the list is empty. public String getLast( ) throws Exception { … } // The last
node is removed from the list and its payload is returned. // An exception with a meaningful error
message is thrown if the list is empty. public void insert(String payload, int key) throws
Exception { … } // The insert method creates a new node, puts the input parameter values // into
the new node, and then inserts the node into the list in sorted order // based on the keyValue. For
example, if a list has 3 nodes with key values // of 5, 10, and 15, insertion of a new node which
has a key value of 12 would // require that the new node was inserted after the node with key
value of 10. // If the key being inserted is already in the list, throw an Exception with a //
meaningful error string. Make sure that you test all possible cases for insertion. public void
remove(int key) throws Exception { … } // Traverse the list, keeping track of where the
precedessor for each node // is located. When the value is found in some node in the list, make
the // predecessor node bypass the node which holds the value. If the key value // is not found,
throw an Exception that indicates the error has occurred. public int listCount( ) { … } // Returns
the number of nodes in the list. public String getValue(int key) throws Exception { … } //
Traverse the list until you locate the requested key value. Return the // payload from the node
which has the requested key value. If the key value // is not found, throw an Exception that
indicates the error has occurred. public String toString( ) { … } // Override the toString method
and create a string t.
A researcher follows Great Horned Owls throughout Idaho. They collect.pdf
A researcher follows Great Horned Owls throughout Idaho. They collect the pellets and estimate
the amount of DDT in the adult owls given what they are eating to follow the impacts this
chemical has on owl reproduction. Define what level of ecological research is being addressed
(population, community or ecosystem ecology) and explain your reasoning for why this study
fits this ecological level.
Solution
The level of ecological research that is being addressed here is population.This is because,
throughout Idaho,all the Great Horned Owls together make a population.Estimation that is being
carried out is among all the members of the same species i.e Great Horned Owls.Further,in this
ecological research,the effect of one variable i.e DDT on owl\'s reproduction is being studied
which will give a clue as to if the population of owl is decreasing or increasing in response to
DDT intake..
Introduction Programmers for a Better TomorrowProgrammers for a B.pdf
Introduction: Programmers for a Better Tomorrow
Programmers for a Better Tomorrow is an organization dedicated to helping charities, medical
societies, and scholarship organizations manage various tasks so that they can focus on making
the world a better place! They have asked you and your classmates to help them develop some
new programs to benefit their organizations.
Problem: Food Bank Management (foodbank.c)
Programmers for a Better Tomorrow is now in partnership with a local Food Bank which
distributes food items to people in need. People come in to a Food Bank and make their
donations, and others might come in to make a request for any food item they want.
A Food Bank Management Program is used to keep track of the stock the Food Bank has (i.e.,
the donations), keep a record of requests that come in, fulfilling requests and printing the status
report which consists of the amount of stock present in the food bank and the requests that are
not yet fulfilled.
The program will require you to make at least one array. You may choose to make multiple one-
dimensional arrays: one to serve as a Donations Table and one to serve as a Request Table. The
index of the array will represent the inventory type. The value in the array will represent the
amount present or needed of that type.
You may, instead, choose to combine these to two arrays into a single two-dimensional array.
There are 5 inventory types:
Protein
Dairy
Grains
Vegetables
Fruits
Your program should allow the user the following options:
Enter a Donation
Enter a Request
Fulfill Requests
Print status report
Exit
Option 1:
Ask the user for the inventory type and amount of the donation to be made. When the donation
has been added to the donations table, the program should notify the user by printing out
“Donation Added”.
Option 2:
Ask the user for the inventory type and amount of the request to be made. When the request has
been added to the requests table, the program should notify the user by printing out “Request
Added”.
Option 3:
Check each type of inventory in the Request Table.
For each item that has a value in the request table, check to see if there is inventory of the same
type in the donations table.
If there are no donations of that type, print “ requests cannot be fulfilled.” Replace with the
correct inventory type (Dairy, Fruit, etc.).
If there is some inventory in the donations table, but not enough to process all requests, print “
requests will be partially fulfilled”. Reduce both the donation and request amounts based on how
much of the request was able to be fulfilled. Replace with the correct inventory type (Dairy,
Fruit, etc.).
If there is enough inventory to fulfill the request, print “type x> requests will be fulfilled.”
Reduce the appropriate amount from the Donations Table and remove the amount from the
Request Table. Replace with the correct inventory type (Dairy, Fruit, etc.).
Option 4:
Print both tables, indicating which is for donations and which is for requests.
Is there any way in which we can accept Hobbes view of human being.pdf
Is there any way in which we can accept Hobbes\' view of human being in the state of nature,
and yet reject his positivistic account of politics and law?
Solution
Hobbes’s view of human being says that all are equal with freedom that creates rights and
liabilities. Further, Hobbes says that if there is no law then there is no justice. Former statement
can be accepted while later statement can be denied due to following reasons:.
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Event Link:-
https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-exploring-gemini-ai-and-integration-with-mulesoft/
Agenda
● Java 17 Upgrade Overview
● Why and by when do customers need to upgrade to Java 17?
● Is there any immediate impact to upgrading to Mule Runtime 4.6 and beyond?
● Which MuleSoft products are in scope?
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/
YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Shyam Raj Prasad-
https://www.linkedin.com/in/shyam-raj-prasad/
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Answers to Home assignment on UV-Visible spectroscopy: Calculation of wavelength of UV-Visible absorption
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What kind of organisms likely perished due to the increase of oxygen .pdf
What kind of organisms likely perished due to the increase of oxygen in the atmosphere three
billion years ago? heterotrophs cyanobacteria obligate aerobes obligate anaerobes facultative
anaerobes In the accompanying figure, note the variation in these closely related birds. What
does this illustrate\'? hybridization macroevolution hybrid inviability adaptive radiation
allometric radiation One critical requirement for life to arise on Earth was time for which to
occur? The salinity of the oceans to stabilize The Earth\'s various climates to stabilize
Molecules to accumulate and react with one another
Solution
6 . B cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria increased in high amount 3 billion yrs ago dur to sudden increase in oxygen in the
environment which caused fires. Anaerobes couldn\'t survive, as oxygen was toxic for them.
what is the HTTP protocol used for What are its major parts.pdf
what is the \"HTTP\" protocol used for? What are its major parts?
Solution
it is a application protocol for data communication for the world wide web
request and response method: it contains what type of action does client want to perform
uri:it is know as uniform resource indicator it will have the address of the required resource
header fileds:it will tell extra information about the request
body:it contains the data which sent by the client to the server
via: these are used proxies to display intermediate sites that the request passes.
What is the between facial action unit and facial landmark differenc.pdf
What is the between facial action unit and facial landmark differences ?
Solution
There is a difference between the facial action unit and facial landmark.
The difference can be illustrated as follows:
FACIAL ACTION UNIT:
Humans interact far more naturally with each other tahn they do with machines. To approach the
naturalness of face-to-face human interaction machines should be able to emulate the way
humans communicate with each other. Although speech alone is often sufficient for
communicating with another person, non-verbal communicative cues can help to synchronize the
dialogue, to signal comprehensionor disagreement and to let the dialogue run smoother, with less
interruptions. With facial expresssions we clarify what is said by means of lip-reading, we stress
the importance of the spoken message by means of conversational signals like raisisng eyebrows,
and siognal comprehension,disagrreement,boredom and intensions.
Machine understanding of facial expressions could revolutionize user interfaces including
ambient,automotiveand robot interfaces and has become,therefore,a hot topic in computer-vision
approach.
FACIAL LANDMARK:
Localizing facial landmarks (i.e facial alignment) is a fundamental step in facial image analysis.
However, the problem is still challenging due to the large variability in pose and appearence, and
the existence of occlusions in real-world face images.
EGM (Exemplar-based graph matching) framework is used in the facial landmark
localization.Compared to conventional algorithms, EGM has three advantages:.
What are contemporary management challenges and opportunitiesSo.pdf
What are contemporary management challenges and opportunities?
Solution
Contemporary management challenges are:-
The character of ownership
Globalization and anti-globalization
Social sustainability
Corporate social responsibility and corporate criminality
Environmentalsustainability
Organizational misbehaviour and resistance
Corporate governance
Masculinisation and Feminisation of Management
Organizational identity and identity work
New forms of work such as emotional labour and aesthetic labour
New organizational forms.
Valinomycin is a potassium ionophore. What would be its effect on in.pdf
Valinomycin is a potassium ionophore. What would be its effect on insulin secretion by cells
that were exposed to valinomycin?
Solution
Ionosphore are the molecules which can transfer a particular ions across a semi-permeambke
membrane..!! Valinomycin is also a ionophore which transfer the potassium across the cell
memberane..
Due to which when it is exposed to the beta cells of insulin it inhibits the secretion of insulin in
the body as potassium plays a major role in insulin secretion.. As the concentration of potassium
is disturbed in the beta cells in inhibits the insulin secretion.. Hence the blood glucose level
increases..!!.
The retrovirus genome is made of the nucleic acid before the virus be.pdf
The retrovirus genome is made of the nucleic acid before the virus becomes a provirus, in order
for that to occur the form of the genome must be converted to
Solution
1) Answer:
The retrovirus genome is made of the nucleic acid, RNA before the virus become a provirus; in
order that to occur, single stranded form of the genome must be converted to double stranded
form.
Explanation: A retrovirus is a single-stranded RNA virus with a DNA intermediate and, as an
obligate parasite, targets a host cell. In most viruses, DNA is transcribed into RNA, and then
RNA is translated into protein. However, retroviruses function differently, as their RNA is
reverse-transcribed into DNA (by an enzyme reverse transcriptase), which is integrated into the
host cell\'s genome (when it becomes a provirus), and then undergoes the usual transcription and
translational processes to express the genes carried by the virus.
2) Answer:
Human make RNA during a process called transcription.
Synthesis of RNA is usually catalyzed by an enzyme—RNA polymerase—using DNA as a
template, a process known as transcription..
the probability that it is raining is .25. the orbability that it is.pdf
the probability that it is raining is .25. the orbability that it is windy is .30. if it is windy, the
probability that it is raining is .40. what is the probabilty that it is raining and windy? assume that
the events raining and windy are not independent.
Solution
Let R denote the event of raining and W that of winding.
Given, P(R)=.25
P(W)=.3
and P(R|W) = .4
We know P(R|W) = P(RW) /P(W)
=> P(RW) = P(R|W)*P(W)
=>P(RW)=P(It is raining and windy)=(.4)*(.3)=0.12.
2)In presentation software, you can use a(n) ____ to add movement to.pdf
2)In presentation software, you can use a(n) ____ to add movement to an object or text.
a)transition b) animation c)operator d) vector
Solution
In presentation software, you can use animation to add movement to an object or text.
Animation add movement to text or object.
Slide transitions fit in the gaps between each slide which results in smoother presentations..
Significance of Discoveries in Genetics and DNA Our understandin.pdf
Significance of Discoveries in Genetics and DNA
Our understanding of genetic inheritance and the function of DNA in producing the
characteristics of the individual have been developing for more than 150 years.
Consider our current state of knowledge.
Link genetic characteristics to DNA structure.
Explain how DNA through the process of protein synthesis is responsible for the ultimate
expression of the characteristics in the organism.
Describe how interference in protein synthesis can result in disruption of cellular and bodily
processes?
How does the significance of one class of proteins, the enzymes, relate?
Please answer all questions!
Solution
1. Genes are segments of chromosome and correspond to DNA sequence(s). The DNA segment
carries coded information for the synthesis of specific proteins which carry out different
functions in the cell. The characters are expressed through proteins.
DNA is packed into chromosomes. In gametes, the chromosome number is halved. The fusion of
gametes in zygotes restores the chromosome number.
2. Segments of DNA called genes carry traits in encoded form. The genes undergo transcription
(transfer of information from DNA to RNA). This is followed by translation which is the transfer
of information from the RNA to the protein. The characters are expressed through proteins which
are specific in function.
3. Various antimicrobial drugs interfere with the process of protein synthesis at the ribosome
level. The information encoded in the nucleotides of DNA are expressed through proteins which
carry out specific functions in the cell. Disruption of protein synthesis prevents the biochemical
pathways and specific functions of proteins.
4. Enzymes are responsible for controlling various vital activities in the cell. They synthesize,
deliver and eliminate various chemicals. Enzymes undergo slow depletion which reduces overall
strength and viatality of the human body..
Scope is much less complicated if functions cannot contain other func.pdf
Scope is much less complicated if functions cannot contain other function definitions (C++,
Java: cannot; Ada, Pascal, Ada, Python, Ruby, Lisp: can). Give one good reason why functions
should not contain other function definitions. Give one good reason why it should be allowed.
Solution
A function is the smallest block of code to perform a specific task. Which can be independently
invoked.
The variable defined in a function are available only to that block not to the whole program
which gives abstraction.
the scope and life of variable defined in the funciton are available only when it is invoked, which
saves memory as well.
b.
To keep a function isolated. It\'s only used inside the function which is invoked i.e. one place.
when it\'s locally used why define globally.It\'s just another way of breaking down a big function
into smaller pieces without affecting the global namespace with another function name. Quite
often the inner function isn\'t a stand-alone so doesn\'t rightfully belong in the global namespace..
Refer to the drawings in Figure 13.2 of a single pair of homologous c.pdf
Refer to the drawings in Figure 13.2 of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might
appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following questions
(28). Which diagram represents chromosomes in prophase I of meiosis? I II III IV V VI
Which diagram represents anaphase II of meiosis? I III IV V
Solution
26) IV
Explanation: During prophase I of meiosis, synapsed homologous chromosomes are observed as
tetrads.
27) II
Explanation: There is separation of centromeres. As a result, chromatids separate and they are
now called independent chromosomes..
Prions are viruses that cause proteins to misfold. Select one True.pdf
Prions are viruses that cause proteins to misfold. Select one: True False
Solution
12). FALSE
Prion is an infectious agent completely made of a protein known as PrP, they are not viruses.
Prions can fold in multiple ways to form different 3-D structures (means tertiary structure),
which makes them resistant to many of the sterilization processes such as heat, UV light,
formaldehyde and also resistant to proteases. Priones do not contain genetic material or capsid..
2.(Sorted list array implementation)This sorted list ADT discussed .pdf
2.(Sorted list: array implementation)This sorted list ADT discussed in class should be extended
by the addition of two new methods:
//Interface: ArrayListADT
//works for int
public interface ArrayListADT {
public boolean isEmpty(); //Method to determine whether the list is empty.
public boolean isFull(); //Method to determine whether the list is full.
public int listSize(); //Method to return the number of elements in the list.
public int maxListSize(); //Method to return the maximum size of the list.
public void print(); //Method to output the elements of the list.
public boolean isItemAtEqual(int location, int item); //Method to determine whether item is
the same as the item in the list at location.
public void insertAt(int location, int insertItem); //Method to insert insertItem in the list at
the position
public void insertEnd(int insertItem); //Method to insert insertItem at the end of the list.
public void removeAt(int location); //Method to remove the item from the list at location.
public int retrieveAt(int location); //Method to retrieve the element from the list at location.
public void replaceAt(int location, int repItem); //Method to replace the element in the list at
location with repItem.
public void clearList(); //Method to remove all the elements from the list.
public int search(int searchItem); //Method to determine whether searchItem is in the list.
public void remove(int removeItem); //Method to remove an item from the list.
}
//Class: ArrayListClass implements
//Interface: ArrayListADT
public abstract class ArrayListClass implements ArrayListADT {
protected int length; //to store the length of the list
protected int maxSize; //to store the maximum size of the list
protected int[] list; //array to hold the list elements
//Default constructor
public ArrayListClass() {
maxSize = 100;
length = 0;
list = new int[maxSize];
}
//Alternate Constructor
public ArrayListClass(int size) {
if(size <= 0) {
System.err.println(\"The array size must be positive. Creating an array of size 100.\");
maxSize = 100;
}
else
maxSize = size;
length = 0;
list = new int[maxSize];
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return (length == 0);
}
public boolean isFull() {
return (length == maxSize);
}
public int listSize() {
return length;
}
public int maxListSize() {
return maxSize;
}
public void print() {
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
System.out.print(list[i] + \" \");
System.out.println();
}
public boolean isItemAtEqual(int location, int item) {
if (location < 0 || location >= length) {
System.err.println(\"The location of the item to be compared is out of range.\");
return false;
}
return list[location]== item;
}
public void clearList() {
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
list[i] = 0;
length = 0;
System.gc(); //invoke the Java garbage collector
}
public void removeAt(int location) {
if (location < 0 || location >= length)
System.err.println(\"The location of the item to be removed is out of range.\");
else {
for(int i = location; i < length - 1; i++)
list[i] .
Organ transplants recipients take medications to suppress their immu.pdf
Organ transplants recipients take medications to suppress their immune system for a lifetime.
What specific type(s) of immune response are they suppressing? What types of infections are
they most susceptible to? Why?
Solution
Transplantation is the act of transferring cells, tissues, organs from one site to another. The
malfunction of an organ system can be corrected with transplantation of an organ ( eg: kidney,
liver, heart, lung, and pancreas) from donor
Immunosuppressive drugs:
1. immunophillin binding agents: eg: cyclosporine, tacrolimus these agents suppress calcineurin
inhibitors, they primarily suppress activation of T cells by inhibition of cytokine production IL-2
2.Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR inhibitors) which inhibitss IL-2 mediated signal
transduction result of B-cells, T-cells arrest in G1-S phase.
3. Antiproliferative agents inhibits DNA replication and suppress B-cell, T-cells proliferation.
4. Steriods important for treating episodes of acute rejection
5. NK cell inactivation
Use of immunosuppressive drugs requires balance between risk of loss of transplanted organ and
toxicity agents
Most susceptible infection of transplantation are shown below:
Bacterial infections: The type of bacteria infection observed following organ transplantation are
divided as follows:
1. Those related to transplantation operation
2. Those related to prolonged hospitalization (nosocomial infection)
3. Those related to immunosuppressive treatment
Bacterial infection occurs in 33 to 68% of liver transplant recipients, 21 to 30% of heart
transplant recipients and 35% pancrease transplant recipients, 47% of kidney transplant
recipients. The following bacteria causes infection during transplantation are given below:
Legionella spp
Nocardia spp
Salmonella spp
Listeria monocytogenes
Viral infections: Cytomegalovirus
Herpes Simplex Virus
Varicella Zoster Virus
Epistein barr Virus
HIV
Hepatitis Virus
Fungal infections: Candida spp
Cryptococcus neoformans
Endemic Dimorphic Fungi
Parasitic infections: Toxoplasma gondii
Strongylodies stercoralis.
Need Bacteria Factor VIII Bio wiz please, last chance!! Incorrect. A.pdf
Need Bacteria Factor VIII Bio wiz please, last chance!! Incorrect. At least one of the statements
you have selected is incorrect. Think about the similarities and differences between transcription
and translation in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. What cellular machinery involved is similar
in each type of organism? Order the steps that would be used in a laboratory to engineer a
bacterium that could express the human gene coding for factor ViI. Not all steps will be placed.
Continued below... solate the human gene that produces factor VIlI. The factor VIlI protein is
isolated from human tissues. Isolate the mRNA of the factor VIlIl gene. Generate cDNA of the
factor VIlI gene using reverse transcriptase.gene Insert the factor VIlII cDNA into a bacterial
vector near a promoter site Transform the vector into an E. coli bacterium. Human DNA is
introduced into the bacterial cell using a projectile gun and DNA-coated tungsten E. coli
expresses factor VIII. Scroll up for feedback
Solution
In the first section the last statement you have selected is incorrect i.e. there is no fit for the
sentence \"Human DNA is introduced into the bacterial cell using a projectile gun and DNA
coated tungsten\" as in the process of transformation the plasmid vector containing factor VII
gene under a bacterial promoter is already introduced inside the bacterial cell.
The plasmid vector containing factor VII gene under a bacterial promoter inside the bacterial cell
will be under bacterial promoter control. Universality of DNA sequence will allow it to
transcribe but codon biasness may hinder the expression. There is degeneracy of genetic codon
i.e. alternative triplet codon is used to mean for amino acids. When the triplet code for no amino
acid (stop codon) or tRNA for that code is not available the transcription terminates. If the tRNA
is not readily available then the transcription eventually terminates. So E. coli is added with
another plasmid like RIL/RIPL plus to supplement those tRNA those are frequently and
exclusively used in eukaryotic sequence. In RIPL plus cess there is no limited tRNA for R, I, P
and L so the code reads without attenuation.
So the Answer to the second question is \"The gene will induce attenuation in the bacterial cell,
which will cause a delay in the transcription and translation of the factor VII gene.
Instead of supplementing RIPL it would have been managed by modifying codon of the
introduced gene of factor VII for bacteria optimised codons but in the question it is mentioned
that the gene is unmodified.
The eukaryotic gene under bacterial promoter can be transcribed and translated using prokaryotic
system.
The intronic sequence is not present in the cDNA when it is reverse transcribed from mRNA as
introns are processed or removed in processed mRNA.
The plasmid vector containing factor VII gene under a bacterial promoter inside the bacterial
cell..
Multiplexing Question.Describe (briefly) the technique of multiple.pdf
Multiplexing Question.
Describe (briefly) the technique of multiplexed switching of analogue signals.
Solution
Different type of multiplexing is used in communication. The following three major multiplexing
techniques :
1.Frequency division multiplexing
2.Wavelength division multiplexing
3.Time division multiplexing
1. Frequency Division Multiplexing
In this type of multiplexing, signals are generated by sending different device-modulated carrier
frequencies, and these modulated signals are then combined into a single signal that can be
transported by the link. To accommodate the modulated signal, the carrier frequencies are
separated with enough bandwidth, and these bandwidth ranges are the channels through which
different signals travel. These channels can be separated by unused bandwidth. Some of the
examples for the time division multiplexing include radio and television signal transmission.
2. Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is a technology in fiber optic communications; and,
for the high capacity communication systems, wavelength division multiplexing is the most
promising concept.
This system uses multiplexer at transmitter to join signals and demultiplexer to split the signals
apart, at the receiver end.
The purpose of WDM is to combine multiple light sources into a single light source at the
multiplexer; and, at the demultiplexer the single light is converted into multiple light sources.
WDM is designed to use the high data rate capability of the fiber optic cable. The data rate of
this cable is higher than the metallic transmission cable’s data rate. Conceptually, the wavelength
division multiplexing is same as the frequency division multiplexing, except for the transmission
through the fiber optic channels wherein the multiplexing and demultiplexing involves optical
signals.
3. Time-Division Multiplexing
Time division multiplexing is a technique used to transmit a signal over a single communication
channel by dividing the time frame into slots – one slot for each message signal.
Time-division multiplexing is primarily applied to digital signals as well as analog signals,
wherein several low speed channels are multiplexed into high-speed channels for transmission.
Based on the time, each low-speed channel is allocated to a specific position, where it works in
synchronized mode. At both the ends, i.e., the multiplexer and demultiplexer are timely
synchronized and simultaneously switched to the next channel.
Types of TDM
Time division multiplexing is classifieds into four types:
*Synchronous time-division multiplexing
*Asynchronous time-division multiplexing
*Interleaving time-division multiplexing
*Statistical time-division multiplexing.
need this program in java please and thanks!NOTICE There are NO s.pdf
need this program in java please and thanks!
NOTICE: There are NO static variables allowed in this lab. The only class that a static method is
allowed is in the TestDriver class. The only static method that you actually really need is main.
The purpose of this lab is to give you an opportunity to create your own linked list data structure
and implement all the methods specified below to do list operations. The following specifies the
linked list class which you must implement. Only implement the methods listed below. Do NOT
add any additional member variables. class OrderedLinkedList { private class Node { // NOTE:
The member variables are public so the methods // of the OrderedLinkedList class have direct
access to them // NO setters and getters are needed – more efficient access. public String
payload; public int keyValue; public Node next; // Explicit value constructor for the Node class
public Node(String payload, int value) { …. } } private Node first; // This is the only member
variable allowed. // You can NOT add any other member variables!!!
public OrderedLinkedList ( ) { … } // default constructor public boolean empty( ) { … } //
returns true if list is empty public String getFirst( ) throws Exception { … } // The first node is
removed from the list and its payload is returned. // An exception with a meaningful error
message is thrown if the list is empty. public String getLast( ) throws Exception { … } // The last
node is removed from the list and its payload is returned. // An exception with a meaningful error
message is thrown if the list is empty. public void insert(String payload, int key) throws
Exception { … } // The insert method creates a new node, puts the input parameter values // into
the new node, and then inserts the node into the list in sorted order // based on the keyValue. For
example, if a list has 3 nodes with key values // of 5, 10, and 15, insertion of a new node which
has a key value of 12 would // require that the new node was inserted after the node with key
value of 10. // If the key being inserted is already in the list, throw an Exception with a //
meaningful error string. Make sure that you test all possible cases for insertion. public void
remove(int key) throws Exception { … } // Traverse the list, keeping track of where the
precedessor for each node // is located. When the value is found in some node in the list, make
the // predecessor node bypass the node which holds the value. If the key value // is not found,
throw an Exception that indicates the error has occurred. public int listCount( ) { … } // Returns
the number of nodes in the list. public String getValue(int key) throws Exception { … } //
Traverse the list until you locate the requested key value. Return the // payload from the node
which has the requested key value. If the key value // is not found, throw an Exception that
indicates the error has occurred. public String toString( ) { … } // Override the toString method
and create a string t.
A researcher follows Great Horned Owls throughout Idaho. They collect.pdf
A researcher follows Great Horned Owls throughout Idaho. They collect the pellets and estimate
the amount of DDT in the adult owls given what they are eating to follow the impacts this
chemical has on owl reproduction. Define what level of ecological research is being addressed
(population, community or ecosystem ecology) and explain your reasoning for why this study
fits this ecological level.
Solution
The level of ecological research that is being addressed here is population.This is because,
throughout Idaho,all the Great Horned Owls together make a population.Estimation that is being
carried out is among all the members of the same species i.e Great Horned Owls.Further,in this
ecological research,the effect of one variable i.e DDT on owl\'s reproduction is being studied
which will give a clue as to if the population of owl is decreasing or increasing in response to
DDT intake..
Introduction Programmers for a Better TomorrowProgrammers for a B.pdf
Introduction: Programmers for a Better Tomorrow
Programmers for a Better Tomorrow is an organization dedicated to helping charities, medical
societies, and scholarship organizations manage various tasks so that they can focus on making
the world a better place! They have asked you and your classmates to help them develop some
new programs to benefit their organizations.
Problem: Food Bank Management (foodbank.c)
Programmers for a Better Tomorrow is now in partnership with a local Food Bank which
distributes food items to people in need. People come in to a Food Bank and make their
donations, and others might come in to make a request for any food item they want.
A Food Bank Management Program is used to keep track of the stock the Food Bank has (i.e.,
the donations), keep a record of requests that come in, fulfilling requests and printing the status
report which consists of the amount of stock present in the food bank and the requests that are
not yet fulfilled.
The program will require you to make at least one array. You may choose to make multiple one-
dimensional arrays: one to serve as a Donations Table and one to serve as a Request Table. The
index of the array will represent the inventory type. The value in the array will represent the
amount present or needed of that type.
You may, instead, choose to combine these to two arrays into a single two-dimensional array.
There are 5 inventory types:
Protein
Dairy
Grains
Vegetables
Fruits
Your program should allow the user the following options:
Enter a Donation
Enter a Request
Fulfill Requests
Print status report
Exit
Option 1:
Ask the user for the inventory type and amount of the donation to be made. When the donation
has been added to the donations table, the program should notify the user by printing out
“Donation Added”.
Option 2:
Ask the user for the inventory type and amount of the request to be made. When the request has
been added to the requests table, the program should notify the user by printing out “Request
Added”.
Option 3:
Check each type of inventory in the Request Table.
For each item that has a value in the request table, check to see if there is inventory of the same
type in the donations table.
If there are no donations of that type, print “ requests cannot be fulfilled.” Replace with the
correct inventory type (Dairy, Fruit, etc.).
If there is some inventory in the donations table, but not enough to process all requests, print “
requests will be partially fulfilled”. Reduce both the donation and request amounts based on how
much of the request was able to be fulfilled. Replace with the correct inventory type (Dairy,
Fruit, etc.).
If there is enough inventory to fulfill the request, print “type x> requests will be fulfilled.”
Reduce the appropriate amount from the Donations Table and remove the amount from the
Request Table. Replace with the correct inventory type (Dairy, Fruit, etc.).
Option 4:
Print both tables, indicating which is for donations and which is for requests.
Is there any way in which we can accept Hobbes view of human being.pdf
Is there any way in which we can accept Hobbes\' view of human being in the state of nature,
and yet reject his positivistic account of politics and law?
Solution
Hobbes’s view of human being says that all are equal with freedom that creates rights and
liabilities. Further, Hobbes says that if there is no law then there is no justice. Former statement
can be accepted while later statement can be denied due to following reasons:.
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Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Event Link:-
https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-exploring-gemini-ai-and-integration-with-mulesoft/
Agenda
● Java 17 Upgrade Overview
● Why and by when do customers need to upgrade to Java 17?
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● Which MuleSoft products are in scope?
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/
YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
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Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of Labour
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of Labour
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Carter Morley andErenaErickson live side by side in town homes joine.pdf
- 1. Carter Morley andErenaErickson live side by side in town homes joined together by a shared wall. Both residences are in need of new exterior paint. On Monday, Morley calls a painter, Tom Sizemore, having selected his name from the classified section of the phone directory. Morley describes his address, the physical dimensions and structure of his home, and he agrees with Sizemore that the work will be performed that Friday. Sizemore estimates that with his crew of five, and given the relatively small size of the home, the work will only take one day to complete. Morley advises that although he will have to work a fourteen-hour day on Friday, he would like to have the work completed in his absence. In passing conversation with his neighbor Erickson, Morley advises her of his “home improvement” plans. Early Friday morning, Sizemore and his team arrive at the address, but by mistake, they begin work on Erickson’s side of building. AlthoughErenais home, she does not object to the work, nor does she inform Sizemore and his crew of the mistake. Midway through the day, she offers them fresh-squeezed lemonade and ham sandwiches, and they heartily accept. Upon completion of the work at 7:00 p.m. Friday evening, Sizemore knocks onErena’sdoor and asks if “the man of the home” is present, that he would like Morley to review the work and pay the agreed-upon price for the work.Erenachuckles, and “breaks the news” that the painting crew has made a mistake, one to her benefit. Erickson proclaims “I do not owe you one dime, because you do not have a contract with me; I will give you ten minutes to remove yourself and your materials from my property, or I will call the police.” Do Erickson and Sizemore have a contract? If so, why? If not, are there any other theories of recovery available to Sizemore? Solution Fictional contract refers to the contract forced by the court as a legal process to prevent injustice. It is forced in favor of persecuted party and against the party who get an undue advantage at the expenses of the other. Hence, Erickson and Sizemore has fictional contract.