The history of automotive vehicles began in the 18th century with steam-powered cars. Early attempts to build self-propelled vehicles used steam, electricity, and gasoline as means of propulsion. The first true steam-powered car was built in 1769 by Nicholas Cugnot, but it was too heavy and noisy. In the following decades, inventors experimented with steam, electric, and gasoline engines to power early automobile prototypes. The first successful gasoline-powered automobile, the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, was invented in 1886 by Karl Benz. Mass production of automobiles began in the late 19th century in both France and the United States, establishing the world's first automobile companies.