The document discusses the career options in commerce. It provides details about the qualifications, stages of education, subjects and future prospects for Chartered Accountancy (CA), Company Secretary (CS), Cost and Management Accountant (CMA), Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) and Actuarial Science. CA, CS, CMA are regulated by statutory bodies and involve foundation, intermediate and final stages of education over 3-6 years. They offer careers in finance, banking, auditing and consulting. CFA is a globally recognized credential involving coursework and exams in finance and investments. Actuarial Science analyzes risk and uncertainty in business and offers roles in insurance.

2. • Contrary to the perception, careers in
commerce provide a high earning and a
respectable job.
• Students interested in numbers and the
financial aspect of life should choose
commerce.
• For most part of studies, commerce
requires common sense and logic instead
of ‘rote learning’

3.  Chartered Accountancy(CA)
 Company Secretary(CS)
 Cost Management Accountant (CMA)
 Chartered and Financial Activist (CFA)
 Actuarial Science
 Master of Business Administration(MBA)
 Banking
 Insurance
 Finance

5. Chartered
Accountancy
Accounting, auditing and taxation are the
core areas dealt with by chartered
accountants.
They are also capable of expert level
services in the areas of General
Management, Personnel Management,
Financial Management, Operations
Management, HR Management

6. STAGES
Stages in CA
Common
Proficiency
Test
Integrated Professional
Competence Course
(IPCC)
Final
4 subjects-
2 papers 9 subjects
4 papers- group I
3 papers- group II
Article ship +
ITT
Apprenticeship
Under a practicing
CA for 3 years
+
100 hours of
IT training
8 subjects
4 papers- group I
4 papers- group II
General
Management
Course
Compulsory
GMC course
During/ after
Finals
• Academic Qualification-
10+2 or equivalent as
recognized by ICAI

7. Common Proficiency Test
(CPT)
• Pass Marks- To pass/qualify at the examination a
student has to obtain a minimum of 50% marks
in all the papers together.
• Re attempting- Failing to get the pass mark
requires the student to reappear in all the papers
again.
• No Exemptions- There are no provisions for
exemptions, even in conditions where the
student has obtained high marks.
 CPT duration is minimum 2 months.
 Each session is of 2 hours.

8. Subjects
Session I Session II
Mercantile Laws
(40 Marks)
Fundamentals
Of Accounting
(60 Marks)
Quantitative
Aptitude
(50 Marks)
General
Economics
(50 Marks)

9. Integrated Professional
Competence Course (IPCC)
• Pass Marks- Minimum of 40% in each paper and
an aggregate of 50% in all the papers of both the
groups together if attempting both the groups or
all the papers of a single group, A student has to
get through both the groups either at once or
separately to be eligible to go for the next level
i.e. Final.
• Exemptions- In cases where the student has
obtained 60% and above in one or more papers
that paper will be exempted although he was
failed in that group.

10. Subjects in IPCC
Group I Group II
Law, Ethics
and
Communication
Advanced
Accounting
(100 Marks)
IT and Strategic
Development
Auditing and
Assurance
(100 Marks)
Information
Technology
(50 Marks)
Strategic
Management
(50 Marks)
Business
Communications
(20 Marks)
Law
(60 marks)
Business Ethics
(20 Marks)
Cost Accounting
And Financial
Management
Cost Accounting
(50 Marks)
Taxation
Financial
Management
(50 Marks)
VAT
(25 Marks)
Service Tax
(25 Marks)
Income Tax
(50 Marks)

11. Final
• Pass Marks- Minimum of 40% in each paper and
an aggregate of 50% in all the papers of both
the groups together if attempting both the
groups or all the papers of a single group, A
student has to get through both the groups
either at once or separately to be eligible to go
for the next level i.e. Final.
• Exemptions- Exemptions- In cases where the
student has obtained 60% and above in one or
more papers that paper will be exempted
although he was failed in that group.
• Minimum duration of Finals in 3 years.

12. Subjects in
Finals
Group I Group II
Corporate &
Allied Laws
Company
Law
(70 Marks)
Strategic
Financial
Management
(100 Marks)
Financial
Reporting
(100 Marks)
Allied Laws
(30 Marks)
Advanced
Auditing and
Professional
Ethics
(100 Marks)
Advanced
Management
Accounting
(100 Marks)
Information
Systems
Control &
Audit
(100 Marks)
Direct Tax
Laws
(100 Marks)
Indirect
Tax
Laws
Service Tax
And VAT
(40 Marks)
Central
Excise
(40 Marks)
Customs
(20 Marks)

13. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
(ICAI) is a statutory body established under the
Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 (Act No. XXXVIII
of 1949) for the regulation of the profession of
Chartered Accountants in India.
ICAI now is the second largest accounting body
in the whole world
The institute has its headquarters in New Delhi.
Continue……

14. 1. Five regional offices at
Mumbai,
Chennai,
Calcutta,
Kanpur and
New Delhi
with branch offices located in
almost all major cities and towns of India.

15. Audit and Taxation
Project Finance/ Financial Advisory/
Mergers & Acquisitions
Investment Banking
Banking and Financial Services
Outsourcing
Academics
Corporate Sector
Recession

17. A CS is a person who is:-
1. An expert in corporate laws, securities laws
& capital market and corporate governance.
2. Chief advisor to the board of directors on
best practices in Corporate Governance.
3. Responsible for all regulatory compliances of
company.
4. Corporate planner and strategic manager.

18. Foundation
Subjects
Elements of
Business Laws
And Management
Economics
And
Statistics
Financial
Accounting
(100 Marks)
Business
Communication
(50 Marks)
English
(50 Marks)
Statistics
(50 Marks)
Economics
(50 Marks)
Elements of
Business
Laws
(50 Marks)
Elements of
Management
(50 Marks)
English and
Business
Communication

20. Eligibility:-
10+2 or equivalent
Provisional admission is allowed to a candidate who has
appeared or enrolled for appearing in Senior Secondary
(10+2 or equivalent) examination , provided proof of
passing the examination is produced within 6 months of
making the application.
Admission- Making an application in the prescribed Form
FC-1 together with documentary evidence in support of
date of birth and educational qualification.
Duration- 8 months, excluding the months of admission
and the examination.
# Students are required to pass the Foundation examination
within 3 years from the date of their admission
Exemption:-
Pass in the Final examination of the ICWAI or ICAI or any
other Accountancy Institution in India or abroad recognized
by the Council.

21. Foundation
Subjects
Elements of
Business Laws
And Management
Economics
And
Statistics
Financial
Accounting
(100 Marks)
Business
Communication
(50 Marks)
English
(50 Marks)
Statistics
(50 Marks)
Economics
(50 Marks)
Elements of
Business
Laws
(50 Marks)
Elements of
Management
(50 Marks)
English and
Business
Communication

22. Executive Programme
 Registration Period:-
 Five years from the month in which his application,
complete in all respects, is accepted for registration.
 A registered student is required to complete the
Executive and the Professional examination within the
registration period

23. Module I Module II
General &
Commercial Laws
Company Accounts and
Cost & Management Accounting
Tax Laws
Company Law
Economic And
Labour Laws
Securities Laws
and Compliances
$ All papers are of 100 marks

24. Professional Programme
Eligibility- Passing the Executive Programme
examination.
Subjects
Module I Module II Module III Module IV
Drafting,
Appearances
&
Pleadings
Company
Secretarial
Practice
Restructuring
And
Insolvency
Financial,
Treasury
&
Forex
Management
Advanced
Tax Laws and
Practice
Module
Strategic
Management,
Alliances and
International
Trade
Due
Diligence
&
Governance,
Business
Corporate
Compliance
Management
Ethics
And
Sustainability
$ All papers are of 100 marks

25. Future Prospects
Employment :
Companies with a paid up share capital of Rs.5 crores or more
are compulsorily required to appoint a whole time Company
Secretary who is a Member of ICSI
All companies seeking listing on Stock Exchange are required
to appoint a whole time company secretary
Membership of the Institute is recognized for appointment to
superior posts and services under Central Government.
Self-Employment
After obtaining a ‘Certificate of Practice’ from the Institute,
members of the Institute can go in for Independent Practice.

26. The Institute of Company Secretaries of India is constituted
under an Act of Parliament i.e. the Company Secretaries Act,
1980 (Act No. 56 of 1980). ICSI is the only recognized
professional body in India to develop and regulate the
profession of Company Secretaries in India.
Vision- To be a global leader in promoting Good Corporate
Governance
Mission- To develop the high caliber professionals facilitating
good Corporate Governance

27. The Company Secretary is:
An in-house legal expert; a compliance
officer of the Company.
An expert in corporate laws, securities laws &
capital market and corporate governance
Chief advisor to the board of directors on
best practices in corporate governance
Responsible for all regulatory compliances of
company
Corporate planner and strategic manager

28. Corporate Governance and Secretarial
Services
Corporate Laws Advisory and Representation
Services
Financial Market Services
Management Services
CS in Company
Private Practice

30. A cost accountant ensure that managerial decisions are well
within the cost prescriptions. He is expected to give a
prognosis for projects to be undertaken based on past and
present financial performances
Eligibility- 10+2
Duration- 6 years

32. Foundation Subjects
Financial
Accounting
Fundamentals
(100 Marks)
Organisation &
Management
Fundamentals
Management
(70 Marks)
Organisation
(30 Marks)
Economics &
Business
Fundamentals
Economics
(50 Marks)
Business
Fundamentals
(50 Marks)
Basic Mathematics
& Statistics
Fundamentals
Arithmetic
(15 Marks)
Algebra
(25 Marks)
Mensuration
(30 Marks)
Elementary
Statistics
(30 Marks)
Pass percentage- Minimum of 40% in each paper
and an aggregate of 50% in all the papers
together.

33. Intermediate Subjects
Group I Group II
Applied Direct
Taxation
(100 Marks)
Financial
Accounting
(100 Marks)
Commercial &
Industrial Laws
& Auditing
Commercial &
Industrial Law
(50 Marks)
Auditing
(50 Marks)
Cost &
Management
Accounting
(100 Marks)
Applied
Indirect
Taxes
(100 Marks)
Operation
Management
& Information
Systems
Operation
Management
(50 Marks)
Information
Systems
(50 Marks)

34. Final Subjects
Group III Group IV
Strategic Tax
Management
(100 Marks)
Advanced
Financial
Management
And
International
Finance
(100 Marks)
Operations &
Project
Management
And Control
Operations
Management
(50 Marks)
Management
Accounting-
Decision
Making
(100 Marks)
Management
Accounting-
Financial
Strategy &
Reporting
(100 Marks)
Cost and
Management
Audit
Cost Audit
(50 Marks)
Management
Audit
(50 Marks)
Management
And Marketing
(100 Marks)
Project
Strategic
Management
(50 Marks)
Valuation
Management &
Case Study
Valuations
And
Management
(70 Marks)
Case Study
(30 Marks)

35. The ICWAI came into being by "The Cost and Management
Accountants Act" a special act passed by the parliament in
1959 on 28th May 1959
It specializes in the field of Cost and Management
Accountancy.
Objective- Promoting, regulating and developing the
profession of Cost Accountancy.

36. Own practice
Auditing
Maintenance of cost records
Employment in private sector as managers, internal auditor,
etc.

38. US
Types Of CFA
INDIAN

39. The Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA)
Program is a professional credential offered
by the CFA Institute (formerly the Association
for Investment Management and Research, or
AIMR) to investment and financial
professionals.[ A candidate who successfully
completes the program and meets other
professional requirements is awarded the
"CFA charter" and becomes a "CFA
charterholder".

40. Have four years (48 months) of qualified work
experience (or a combination of education and
work experience acceptable by the CFA Institute).
However, an individual have to clear written level
exams prior to satisfying this requirement;
Complete the CFA Program (mastery of the
current CFA curriculum and passing three six-hour
examinations);
Become a member of the CFA Institute and apply
for membership to a local CFA member society;
Adhere to the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and
Standards of Professional Conduct.

42. Chapter 1-5 Chapter 6-10
Quantitative Methods
Ethics and Standards
Microeconomics
and
Macroeconomics
Financial Statements
Financial Ratios
Assets
And
Liabilities
Global
Economic
Analysis Red Flags

43. Chapter 10-15 Chapter 16-17
Securities Markets
Fixed Income Investments
Equity Investments
Alternative Investments
Portfolio
Management
Derivatives

44. Ethical and
Professional
Standards
Equity Fixed Income Derivatives Alternatives
Portfolio
Management

45. Mission
To lead the investment profession globally by
promoting the highest standards of ethics,
education, and professional excellence for
the ultimate benefit of society.
The Institute Of Chartered Financial Annalist
for Established under a act of parliament
(Under (Act No. 56 of 1980)

46. Portfolio Manager
Research Analyst
Chief Executive
Consultant
Corporate Financial Analyst
Financial Advisor
Relationship Managers, Sales, & Marketing
Risk Manager
Investment Banking Analyst
Manager of Managers
Accountant/Auditor
Strategist
Performance Measurement Specialist
Private Banker

48. Actuarial Science
An actuary is an expert in assessing the financial impacts of tomorrow’s uncertain
events. They enable more informed decisions.
Eligibility :-
1. Should have completed 18 years of age
2. Should have attained anyone of the following Educational Standards-
 Passed 10+2 or equivalent with at least 85% in Mathematics / Statistics
 Graduate or Post Graduate in Mathematics/Stats/Econometrics
 Any Engineer / CA / CS / MBA (Finance) / MCA
 Fully qualified members of following Professional bodies such as :-
 The Institute Of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI)
 The Institute of Cost and Works Accountant of India (ICWAI)
 The Institute of Financial Analyst of India (IFAI)
 The Insurance Institute of India (III) passing with subjects 81- mathematical Basis
of Insurance and 82- Statistics.
3. An application should be recommended by a member of professional body like
such as ICAI, ICWAI and ICSI.
Salary- Rs.6-30 Lacs per annum

49. Specialist Application
Stage
Stages Of Examination
Core Application
Stage
Specialist Technical
Stage
Core Technical
Stage
Core Technical Stage- 8 compulsory papers (CT1-CT8) with one paper of
100 marks
Core Application Stage- 2 compulsory subjects (CA 1 to CA3), CA1 consists
of two papers whereas CA2 and CA3 shall have one paper each.
Specialist Technical Stage- 6 papers (ST1 to ST6) and the students have to
choose any two.
Specialist Application Stage- 6 papers (SA1 to SA6) and the student has to
clear any one.

50. Future Prospects:
1. Insurance companies [be it private or public- life or general]
2. Firm of Consulting Actuaries
3. Authorities like IRDA, PFRDA & TAC.
4. Asset liability Management Companies
5. Large banks and Investment Firms like World Bank, ADB, etc
6. Pension Banks and Employee Benefit Companies- likely to be
opened in India soon.
7. Large Capital & Turnkey Project Handling Companies
8. Software Development Companies
9. Actuarial BPO Companies

51. 1. In addition to the above, employment
opportunities are expected to arise in future in
the offices of:
2. Insurance Intermediaries
3. Pension Providers other than insurance
companies.
4. Education Institution (Providing Courses on
Finance & Actuarial Science)
5. Re-insurances

52. Institute of Actuaries of India (IAI) is a
statutory body established under The
Actuaries Act 2006 (35 of 2006) for
regulation of profession of Actuaries in
India.
It is a member of the umbrella body of
International Actuarial Association

53. Objectives
1.Advancement of the Actuarial profession in India.
2.Providing opportunities for interaction among
members of the profession.
3.Facilitating research, arranging lectures on relevant
subjects.
4.Providing facilities and guidance to those studying
for the Actuarial exams.

55. AIMA-MAT
CAT
XAT
MAT
GMAT
IIFT
NMAT
SNAP

56. MARKETING
INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
INTENATIONAL BUSINESS
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
FINANCE

57. The Master of Business Administration (MBA or M.B.A.) is
a master's degree in business administration (management)
The MBA degree originated in the United States in the late
19th century when the country industrialized and companies
sought scientific approaches to management.
The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of
business such as accounting, finance, marketing, human
resources, and operations management in a manner most
relevant to management analysis and strategy. Most
programs also include elective courses.

58.  The main reason to attend school is to
increase Knowledge and advance career for
betterment.
 In most cases, an MBA degree is required for
executive and senior management positions
 People who hold an MBA degree will find that
there are many different types of employment
opportunities that are available to them.

59.  Finance
 Marketing
 Entrepreneurship
 Accounting
 Management
 Real Estate
 Nonprofit Continue.......


60.  Health Care
 Human Services Management
 Sports Management
 Economics
 Organizational Management
 Information Technology .
 Retail Continue......

61.  Airport Management .
 Management .
 Information's Technology .
 Entrepreneurship
 Logistics & supply chain management .
 Risk Management .
 Tourism Continue......

62.  Operations Management
Fashion Technology
 Foreign Trade
 International Business
 Entrepreneurship
 Information Management
Media
Pharmaceuticals
 Shipping and Logistics Management

63. Indian Institute of Management (IIM)
Indian Institute For Foreign Trade (IIFT)
International Institute Of Import And Export
Management (IIIEM)
International Management Institute (IMI)
Narsee Monjee Institute of Management
Studies(NMIMS)
Xavier Institute Of Management
Institute of International Trade
Banaras Hindu University (BHU)
Shri Collage Of Commerce
Symbiosis International University

65. MBA
MBA Vs PGDM
Run by Universities under
AICTE
Traditional Syllabus
Tradition teaching pedagogy
University test score/MAT
score only
Focus on course only
Red-tapism in the system
FMS, UPTU and other regular
and deemed Universities are
the players
PGDM
Run by autonomous body under
AICTE
Contemporary Syllabus
Modern teaching pedagogy
CAT/MAT/XAT etc score & GDPI
Focus on practical with course
Dynamic approach in study
Industrial interface more focused
Customized course
IIMs, XLRI, SP Jain, ISB, IMT, MDI,
are the leaders
And many others including
Taksila Business School

66. “A degree has value only if the degree is
scarce, and the MBA is completely unscarce”
“People don’t hear what they don’t want to
hear,” Prof.Haney says, adding that he
nonetheless believes that unless you go to an
elite school – by which he means one ranked
in the top 15 worldwide – an MBA is a
complete waste of money.

67. CEO/CMD/COO
For-ex Manager
Business Analyst
Pre-Sales
ERP Consultant
Project Manager
HR Manager
Quality/Testing Manager
Management Analyst
IT Manager
Financial Manager

69. Banking
Introduction
Banks are institutions that take care of the
money of individuals and corporates.
Banks pay interest on the deposited money,
provide loans to people for business or
personal use.
They also offer a wide range of services like
exchange of foreign currency, giving advise
related to investment and insurance and
acting as trustees.

71. Nature of Work
There are various different levels at which a
person can join the bank namely
Clerk
Grade I officer
Grade II officer
Manager.

72. IBPS PO

73. Financial Analyst
Bank Teller
Loan Officer
Financial Manager
General Manager
Additional General Manager
Managing Director
Clerk
Grade I officer
Grade II officer
Manager.

74. Selection procedure for RBI
The Reserve Bank of India is the topmost
financial institution in India which makes all the
policies and regulations for the other banks. It
conducts tests for three types of entry level
positions:
Clerical grade
Grade A officers
Grade B officers
The entry point for clerical staff is in the cash
department as examiners of coins and notes.
They are promoted to the next grade when they
successfully clear the relevant examinations after
5-10 years of service.

75. Financial Planning: Skills and
Talents
The financial planning sector is booming and
offers a variety of career options.
This field deals with the largest markets of
any kind in the world and call on the
following skills:

77. Insurance-Introduction
Presently in India, the insurance sector is open for private as well as
public Sector. Following Services are rendered these companies :
Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) provide for Life insurance.
General Insurance Coporation (GIC) through its 4 subsidiaries.
provides non life insurance like - Motor, Marine, Fire, Burglary,
Health ,Personal Accident Insurance, Travel and Baggage Insurance
etc.
Private Sector Insurance companies also provide insurance like
life,health and other insurance.

80. Life
Insurance
Fire
Insurance
Marine
Insurance
General
Insurance

82. FINANCE
1. Financial operations and services offer a variety of
opportunities to specialists in finance.
2. MBAs specializing in finance have a multi
disciplinary approach and a strong conceptual
base. .

83. Postgraduates in finance control
are trained in
1. Financial planning,
2. Decision-making and control,
3. Corporate finance,
4. Project finance and
5. Investment analysis.

84. Specialized Areas of Study
1. Merchant banking,
2. Equity analysis and research,
3. Portfolio management,
4. Issue management,
5. Treasury management,
6. International finance,
7. Retail banking .
are specialized areas of
study for the financial wizard.

85. Practically every firm needs
Finance Managers
Practically every firm - whether into manufacturing,
communications, finance, education, or health care - has
one or more financial managers - treasurer, controller,
credit manager, and others - who prepare the financial
reports required, for tax and other regulatory demands.
Financial managers oversee the flow of cash and finances
and develop information to access the present and future
financial status of the firm. In small firms, accountants'
duties usually include finance management.
However, in large firms, chief financial/accounts officers
oversee all financial management departments.
In these instances, the accountants help top managers
develop financial and economic policy and establish
procedures, delegate authority, and oversee all financial
management departments.

86. Pay Packages
At the entry level, finance personnel can
expect approximately
Rs.12,000 - 15,000 p.m.
With five years of experience, finance
personnel can expect
Rs.15,000 - 20,000 p.m.
Senior finance personnel, with more than 10
years of experience earn approximately
Rs.20,000 to Rs.30,000 p.m.

87. Future Prospects
1. The future prospects for finance
professionals are good in any bank or
financial institution.
2. The growth and promotion opportunities are
good in multinationals as well as the Indian
banks (although the growth and learning
opportunities in the multinational
institutions are fourfold as compared to
their Indian counterparts).
3. Summing up, the future is indeed bright for
the finance professional.
Related areas of Work
Diversification is possible into Management

88. Opportunity for Professionals
Students
Hiring 10,000 hire
and 30,000 fresh
recruits
Will hire
10,000people
Is going to hire
1,000 fresh hands
Looking to hire
3,500in India in
3 yrs.
Will recruit
30,000 agents and
2,000 managers
Will hire
30,000-35,000
Will hire 25,000
Plan to hire
10,000
Will hire
10,000
with in
3Yrs
Hiring 25,000
new hands

89. PLACEMENTS after doing
these courses

90. By Achyut Awasthi