Carlisle grew at the western end of Hadrian's Wall where three rivers meet and roads crossed into Scotland. The rivers historically bounded the town and provided resources and energy. The industrial revolution led to expansion onto the surrounding flat land while residential areas grew. Transportation routes like canals and railways further influenced the city's development.

1. Carlisle
How does physical site determine
growth?

2. Historical
 Western End of Hadrian's Wall, the main
controlling boundary of Southern Scotland
 Castle established as dry point site
bounded by three rivers
 Meeting point of roads from the coast,
central England and crossing point into
Scotland via the Sands.

3. River Eden
HIGHER
LAND
River Peterill
River Caldew

4. River Eden
Castle
HIGHER
LAND
Walls River Peterill
River Caldew
Gates

5. Pre-industrial Layout
 Prior to the industrial revolution the small
size was determined and limited by its
limited roles and much smaller population
 Trade centre with Tithe Barn
 Carlisle cathedral within the walls
 Meeting point of main route ways
 Rivers bounded all sides but flooded
across plains

6. River Eden
River controlled
as resource
and source of energy
HIGHER
Industry expanded LAND
over flat hinterland
River Peterill
River Caldew

7. To Port Carlisle
River Eden
CA
NAL
HIGHER
LAND
River Peterill
River Caldew
RAILWAY – Station near Botchergate

8. Expansion of residential areas
EDEN
bridge
River Eden

9. Synthesis
 Roman wall  Accompanying
 Cathedral, walled city, residential expansion
gates as dry point  Movement of retail
 Industrial revolution, and light industrial
containment, uses to periphery
expansion on  Some inertia –
floodplains  Mc Vities and
 Canal, then railway evidence of previous
 Crossing point of physical influences –
River Eden River Eden

10. Source
 Aberrant Bee 2008
 Mark Ollis, St Bees School
 www.aberrantbee.com