Find out what a physician assistant (PA) is with the American Academy of Physician Assistants' "I'm a PA" brochure. It answers common questions about PAs such as what they can do, whether insurance covers PA services (yes) and how PAs are educated.
Original Medicare Parts A and B cover most, but not all, health supplies and services. For this reason, you may need to consider a Medicare supplement plan. Unlike Medicare, Medicare’s supplemental plans are provided by private insurance companies. Medigap covers the payment of a portion of the medical and hospital costs not covered by Original Medicare, such as co-insurance, co-payment and annual deductibles.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
1. A C a r e e r
B y : A l e x i s G e o r g i a
Physician Assistant
2. What is a Physician Assistant?
According to the American Academy of Physician Assistants, a
Physician Assistant (PA) is a nationally certified and state licensed
medical professional that practices medicine on healthcare teams with
physicians and other providers.
PAs are able to:
Take a medical history
Conduct physical exams
Diagnose and treat illness
Order and interoperate tests
Develop treatment plans
Assist in surgery
Write prescriptions
Make rounds in hospitals and nursing homes
Counsel on preventative care
3. History
The PA profession was created to expand and improve healthcare.
Dr. Eugene A. Stead, chairman of the Duke University Medical Center,
recognized a shortage of primary care physicians in the mid 1960s and
to remedy this he put together the first class of PAs in 1965.
The new Duke University PA program graduated four Navy Hospital
Corpsmen selected by Dr. Stead based off of their medical training
during military service in the Vietnam War on October 6, 1967.
Dr. Stead created a 2 year program to formally educate these new
medical professionals and based his curriculum on the fast-track
training of doctors he experienced during World War II.
4. Current Day PAs
Currently there are 210 accredited PA programs throughout the country
graduating roughly 8,900 new PAs per year.
According to the NCCPA there are over 108,500 certified PAs in the
workforce today and the career is projected to grow 30% from 2014 to
2024.
PAs are able to practice and prescribe medicine in all 50 states, the
District of Columbia, and all U.S. territories with the exception of
Puerto Rico.
In 2015 the median pay was $98,180 per year and $47.20 per hour.
5. Types of Physician Assistants
Roughly ¼ of PAs practice in primary care, and ¾ practice specialty
medicine.
½ of all PAs work in a physician or group practice, ¼ of PAs practice in
hospitals, and the remaining ¼ work in a variety of settings (nursing
homes, community health centers, correctional institutions, etc.)
The single largest employer of PAs is the U.S. Department of Veterans
Affairs
The top specialties for PAs are
1. Primary Care
2. Surgical Subspecialties
3. Emergency Medicine
4. Internal Medicine Subspecialties
However there are many areas of medicine that PAs can go into
including: Urgent Care, Dermatology, OB/Gyn, Radiology, etc.
6. O*Net Profiler Results
I have known for a long time that I wanted to go into medicine some
day. I was able to take the O*Net Profiler Test to determine if my
personality would be a good fit for a medical profession, specifically as
a Physician Assistant.
My top results were 30 points Social, 19 points Investigative, and 14
points Enterprising.
7. O*Net Profiler Results cont.
Those with Social interests like working with people to help
them learn and grow.
Those with Investigative interests like work that has to do with
thinking and ideas.
Those with Enterprising interests
like taking action and leading people.
8. Physician Assistant Qualities
As someone in the medical field a physician assistant will
continually have to work with others, both patients and the
other physicians on their team, causing a need for strong
Social interests.
Figuring out medical problems will require an extensive
amount of thinking and an interest in finding out how
things work, applying Investigative interests.
And lastly, a physician assistant will need to be able to lead
others, knowing when to take charge and make decisions
with the patients best interest in mind. This means a
physician assistant will need strong Enterprising
interests.
9. Next Steps
In order to become a physician assistant I will have to
continue my education past undergrad and apply to an
accredited PA program.
There are 210 accredited programs throughout the country,
leaving many options to choose from
Some of the programs I am looking at are:
SUNY Upstate Medical
Stony Brook University
Albany Medical College
Emory University
MUSC
10. PA School
Before applying most schools require between 1,000-4,000
hours of hands-on patient care experience, at least a 3.0 GPA,
receive a C or higher in the required courses, and earn a
baccalaureate degree from an accredited institution.
This healthcare experience can be gained many ways including:
Medical Scribe
Registered Nurse
Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
Phlebotomist
Once accepted to a school I will have to spend about 3 years there
and complete over 2,000 hours of clinical rotations before
earning a master’s degree.
11. Becoming Certified
Upon graduating from an accredited PA program, I will be able
to sit for the Physician Assistant National Certifying Exam
(PANCE) and if I pass, become a certified PA.
Even after certification I will need to obtain a state license before
practicing medicine.
In order to maintain national certification I will need to complete
100 hours of continuing medical education every two years and
take a recertification exam every 10 years.
12. Conclusion
Based on my desired career in medicine and interests becoming a PA
would be a good fit for me.
My O*Net Profiler Results (Social, Enterprising, and Investigative)
reflect a good match with a career as a physician assistant.
In order to pursue this career I will still need to earn my baccalaureate
degree, complete between 1,000 and 4,000 hours of healthcare
experience, finish undergrad with a 3.0 GPA average or better, and
become accepted to an accredited PA program.
As of now, I am on track to pursue a career as a PA and look forward to
continuing my education in hopes of achieving this goal.