This document discusses trade facilitation in the context of the SPS Agreement and lessons learned from technical cooperation projects. It notes that outdated border procedures and excessive red tape are larger barriers to trade than tariffs. The SPS Agreement aims to balance the rights of members to protect health while avoiding unnecessary trade barriers. Key provisions for trade facilitation include minimizing restrictions, harmonization, equivalence, transparency, and efficient control procedures. Research identified procedural obstacles to trade both before and within borders, and preliminary findings suggest simple solutions like improving transparency, reducing opportunities for rent-seeking, limiting document requirements, and coordinating with trade partners.
The document provides an overview of a report that maps policies around unsolicited bids globally. It analyzes the regulations and processes of different countries for evaluating unsolicited proposals. The report compares countries on their systems, reimbursement policies, protection of intellectual property rights, timelines and legal frameworks. It identifies key sectors that attract many unsolicited bids, such as transport, water and sanitation infrastructure. The objective is to help public and private clients better understand the drivers and successful approaches to unsolicited bids.
An effective review and remedies system is crucial for enforcing public procurement legislation and correcting mistakes by contracting authorities. There are different models across EU states for establishing review bodies, with many using specialized administrative bodies. However, for a review body to have a judicial character it must be established by law, permanent, have compulsory jurisdiction, follow inter partes procedures, apply legal rules, and be independent. Independence means the body is separate from the government and parties to procurement, and that members are appointed, dismissed, and make decisions free from external influence. An independent review system is essential for impartial resolution of complaints.
1. SIGMA provides support and advice to governments on public procurement reform to help meet EU accession criteria.
2. Main lessons learned over 20 years include that regulatory alignment with EU directives has become more complex, effective domestic rules outside EU scope are important, and professionalizing procurement requires stronger institutions and focus on efficiency.
3. Additional lessons highlight that legal and institutional environments, integrity measures, data collection, and national ownership of reforms are key to continued improvement.
An inefficient inspections regime imposes direct costs on businesses and can negatively impact investment and growth. Reforming inspections to be more risk-based, coordinated, transparent and reduce administrative burdens can improve the business environment and competitiveness. The World Bank Group has supported inspections reforms in many developing countries through approaches like establishing a legislative framework, increasing transparency, consolidating agencies, and using information technology for planning and communication. However, challenges remain in fully implementing reforms due to issues like fragmented laws, cultural resistance to change, and lack of accurate business data.
This document discusses the key requirements for independent and impartial review systems in public procurement according to EU directives and international agreements. It outlines that the remedies directives require that economic operators have access to clear, rapid, and effective review procedures of contracting authority decisions. Review bodies must be independent of contracting authorities, provide interim measures and set aside unlawful decisions. They must also order corrective actions like ineffectiveness of contracts, damages, or alternative penalties. International agreements also require independent review and interim suspension of procurement processes.
Presentation of the main findings by SIGMA experts on the corruption risk assessment of the public procurement system in Jordan, which took place in Amman on 30 January 2017.
Speech by Ambassador Andrea Matteo Fontana, EU Delegation to Jordan, launching ceremony of the SIGMA report on "Integrity risk assessment in the Jordanian Procurement System", 30 January 2017.
The European Commission's priorities for public procurement focus on six key areas: wider use of strategic procurement, professionalizing public buyers, increasing access to procurement markets, improving transparency and integrity, boosting digital transformation, and cooperating to procure together. The goals are to guarantee competition, enable efficient use of public funds, and support societal goals. Recent developments include new green public procurement criteria, innovation procurement guidance, a competency framework for public buyers, and directives on e-procurement and whistleblowers. Guidance was also issued on third country access and quality standards in procurement. Progress has been made in some regions, but challenges remain around best price-quality ratio, professionalization, and enforcement.
The document provides an overview of a report that maps policies around unsolicited bids globally. It analyzes the regulations and processes of different countries for evaluating unsolicited proposals. The report compares countries on their systems, reimbursement policies, protection of intellectual property rights, timelines and legal frameworks. It identifies key sectors that attract many unsolicited bids, such as transport, water and sanitation infrastructure. The objective is to help public and private clients better understand the drivers and successful approaches to unsolicited bids.
An effective review and remedies system is crucial for enforcing public procurement legislation and correcting mistakes by contracting authorities. There are different models across EU states for establishing review bodies, with many using specialized administrative bodies. However, for a review body to have a judicial character it must be established by law, permanent, have compulsory jurisdiction, follow inter partes procedures, apply legal rules, and be independent. Independence means the body is separate from the government and parties to procurement, and that members are appointed, dismissed, and make decisions free from external influence. An independent review system is essential for impartial resolution of complaints.
1. SIGMA provides support and advice to governments on public procurement reform to help meet EU accession criteria.
2. Main lessons learned over 20 years include that regulatory alignment with EU directives has become more complex, effective domestic rules outside EU scope are important, and professionalizing procurement requires stronger institutions and focus on efficiency.
3. Additional lessons highlight that legal and institutional environments, integrity measures, data collection, and national ownership of reforms are key to continued improvement.
An inefficient inspections regime imposes direct costs on businesses and can negatively impact investment and growth. Reforming inspections to be more risk-based, coordinated, transparent and reduce administrative burdens can improve the business environment and competitiveness. The World Bank Group has supported inspections reforms in many developing countries through approaches like establishing a legislative framework, increasing transparency, consolidating agencies, and using information technology for planning and communication. However, challenges remain in fully implementing reforms due to issues like fragmented laws, cultural resistance to change, and lack of accurate business data.
This document discusses the key requirements for independent and impartial review systems in public procurement according to EU directives and international agreements. It outlines that the remedies directives require that economic operators have access to clear, rapid, and effective review procedures of contracting authority decisions. Review bodies must be independent of contracting authorities, provide interim measures and set aside unlawful decisions. They must also order corrective actions like ineffectiveness of contracts, damages, or alternative penalties. International agreements also require independent review and interim suspension of procurement processes.
Presentation of the main findings by SIGMA experts on the corruption risk assessment of the public procurement system in Jordan, which took place in Amman on 30 January 2017.
Speech by Ambassador Andrea Matteo Fontana, EU Delegation to Jordan, launching ceremony of the SIGMA report on "Integrity risk assessment in the Jordanian Procurement System", 30 January 2017.
The European Commission's priorities for public procurement focus on six key areas: wider use of strategic procurement, professionalizing public buyers, increasing access to procurement markets, improving transparency and integrity, boosting digital transformation, and cooperating to procure together. The goals are to guarantee competition, enable efficient use of public funds, and support societal goals. Recent developments include new green public procurement criteria, innovation procurement guidance, a competency framework for public buyers, and directives on e-procurement and whistleblowers. Guidance was also issued on third country access and quality standards in procurement. Progress has been made in some regions, but challenges remain around best price-quality ratio, professionalization, and enforcement.
This document discusses the roles and responsibilities of key institutions in public procurement systems. It outlines several functions that are typically performed at the central level, including policymaking, regulatory oversight, monitoring, advisory support, and professional development. It also describes important characteristics of an effective review and remedies system, such as independence, proper resourcing, and transparency. Ensuring access to rapid, fair remedies is crucial for enforcing compliance with procurement laws.
Presentation by Dr Jenny Gordon, Principal Adviser Research, Productivity Commission Australia, at the 8th Conference on Measuring Regulatory Performance: Realising Impact: The Role of Institutional Frameworks in Regulatory Policy, which took place in Sydney 15-16 June 2016. Further information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/measuring-regulatory-performance.htm.
The OECD works to improve regulatory policy and governance through its regulatory policy division. Regulatory policy seeks to change how governments design and deliver regulation to improve outcomes. It focuses on improving regulatory processes upstream in government as well as downstream and outside of government. The OECD's recommendations include having a strategic regulatory policy, oversight bodies, impact assessments, reducing administrative burdens on business, and international cooperation on regulatory issues. Effective regulatory policy requires coordination between different levels of government.
Regulatory screening can help analyze how regulation impacts innovation. A six-step process is outlined: 1) Identify the area of focus, 2) Scope key details to understand the context, actors, and data 3) Identify the types of innovation and broader drivers and barriers, 4) Map the relevant regulatory landscape, 5) Link the regulation and innovation, and 6) Recap findings and identify actions. Conducting stakeholder interviews and workshops at key steps can provide diverse perspectives to inform the analysis. The goal is to understand both intended and unintended innovation effects to help policymakers ensure regulations optimally support innovation goals.
Presentation by Sean Ennis, Senior Economist, OECD Competition Division, at the II Competition and Regulation Forum: “Reaching for market efficiency” which took place in Mexico on 9-10 January 2018. Further information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/.
This document discusses the establishment of a procurement review system in Georgia based on recommendations from an EU Twinning Project. It provides background on the project's objectives of aligning Georgia's procurement practices with EU standards. It then summarizes Slovenia's existing non-judicial procurement review system as a model for Georgia, including the roles and qualifications of the National Review Commission members. Finally, it outlines some of the key challenges in establishing an independent and effective procurement review body for Georgia according to EU directives, including reconciling legal requirements, building institutional capacity, and improving visibility.
This presentation by Sabine Zigelski from the OECD Competition Division, was made during the discussion “The Suspensory Effects of Merger Notifications and Gun Jumping” held at the 130th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 27 November 2018. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/gjc.
Presentation by Paulo Magina, Head of the Public Procurement Unit, OECD Public Governance Directorate, on the new maps: experiences from assessing public procurement systems, Tbilisi, 6-7 November 2019.
This document discusses regulatory and institutional issues related to services trade. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Regulation of infrastructure services like telecommunications, energy and transport is important to correct market failures, promote development benefits from trade liberalization, and achieve domestic policy goals. Good regulation should promote economic growth and social welfare efficiently. Developing countries face challenges in establishing effective regulatory frameworks and institutions for infrastructure services due to lack of regulatory capacity and qualified staff.
The document summarizes the evolution of Poland's public procurement review system from 1994 to present. It describes two key review systems under the Public Procurement Act I and II. Appeals were initially reviewed by arbitration panels but are now handled by the National Appeals Chamber to promote professionalism and standardized judgments. While aiming to expedite procedures, removing the initial protest stage to the procuring entity may have unintentionally increased appeals. The effectiveness of arbitration versus the Appeals Chamber model continues to be debated, considering factors like cost, timeliness, expertise in procedural versus substantive law, and ability to unify rulings.
This presentation by Beyza Erbayat of the OECD Competition Division was made during the plenary session on “Investigative Powers in Practice”, held during the 17th OECD Global Forum on Competition on 29 November 2018. More documents and presentations on this topic can be found at oe.cd/invpw.
Doing Business with the Government of CanadaMartin Comeau
This document provides an overview of how to do business with the Government of Canada in 5 steps:
1. Understanding the Procurement Process - It describes the different purchasing methods used by the government including contracts, standing offers, and supply arrangements. It also outlines who does the purchasing.
2. Registering Your Business - It discusses registering your business in various government databases to be notified of opportunities such as the Supplier Registration Information system, Professional Services Online, SELECT, and others.
3. Promoting Yourself - No information provided.
4. Searching for Opportunities - No information provided.
5. Bidding on Opportunities - No information provided.
The document focuses
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of the PRRC (Person Responsible for Regulatory Compliance) within a medical device manufacturer's organization. It outlines the qualifications required to be a PRRC, their responsibilities which include ensuring device conformity and compliance with post-market surveillance obligations. It also compares the PRRC role to that of the Qualified Person in pharmaceuticals and discusses considerations around the PRRC's liabilities which are determined by national law.
This document summarizes efforts to help small and medium enterprises (SMEs) participate in public procurement contracts both within and outside of the European Union. Key points discussed include new EU directives from 2014 that established measures to reduce barriers for SMEs, such as dividing large contracts into smaller lots. Data shows SME participation in public procurement has increased in the EU since 2010. The document also outlines international cooperation efforts, such as a World Trade Organization initiative and trade agreements, to promote SME access to public contracts globally.
This presentation by the Norwegian Competition Authority was made during a workshop on “Regulation and competition in light of digitalisation” held by the OECD in Paris on 31 January 2018. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/wrcd.
Presentation by Zoran Blazevic, Croatia, at the SIGMA regional conference on public procurement which took place in Beirut on 2-3 June 2015. Also available in Arabic.
This presentation by the Latvian Competition Authority was made during Break-out Session 2: Enforcement in the framework of the discussion on “Overcoming adversity and attaining success: Small and developing competition agencies” held at the 16th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/sda.
This presentation by Spain (CNMC), was made during the presentations on “Tools for Addressing Competitive Neutrality” held at the 67th meeting of the OECD Working Party No.2 of the Competition Committee on 3 June 2019. More information on the topic can be found at ww.oecd.org/competition/competitive-neutrality.htm.
This presentation by Enrique VERGARA (President of the Competition Tribunal of Chile) was made during the discussion “Judicial perspectives on competition law” held at the 16th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/jpcl.
This document provides recommendations for some of the most popular holiday destinations, including France, the USA, and Italy. In France, popular spots include the beaches of Corsica and Île de Ré, cycling in the countryside, cooking courses in Paris, wine tours, and skiing or relaxing in the French Alps. The USA offers diverse landscapes, cultural sights, and food, with recommendations to visit New York, the East Coast, and take rail tours or river cruises. Italy is praised for its ancient culture, beaches, food, and charming people, suggesting visits to Rome, Florence, Venice, or renting a villa near the beaches or Italian Lakes.
Mohamed Gamal Eldeen Mahmoud is seeking a QC engineer position. He has a bachelor's degree in mechanical power engineering and additional qualifications in NDT inspections including RT, MT, PT, UT, and VT. He has over 10 years of experience in NDT inspections, lifting engineering, and survey work for oil and gas projects. His experience includes visual inspections, UT measurements, RT and PT interpretations for clients such as EMC, PetroLift, and Hi Energy Oil Field Services. He is proficient in English and computer skills.
This document discusses the roles and responsibilities of key institutions in public procurement systems. It outlines several functions that are typically performed at the central level, including policymaking, regulatory oversight, monitoring, advisory support, and professional development. It also describes important characteristics of an effective review and remedies system, such as independence, proper resourcing, and transparency. Ensuring access to rapid, fair remedies is crucial for enforcing compliance with procurement laws.
Presentation by Dr Jenny Gordon, Principal Adviser Research, Productivity Commission Australia, at the 8th Conference on Measuring Regulatory Performance: Realising Impact: The Role of Institutional Frameworks in Regulatory Policy, which took place in Sydney 15-16 June 2016. Further information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/measuring-regulatory-performance.htm.
The OECD works to improve regulatory policy and governance through its regulatory policy division. Regulatory policy seeks to change how governments design and deliver regulation to improve outcomes. It focuses on improving regulatory processes upstream in government as well as downstream and outside of government. The OECD's recommendations include having a strategic regulatory policy, oversight bodies, impact assessments, reducing administrative burdens on business, and international cooperation on regulatory issues. Effective regulatory policy requires coordination between different levels of government.
Regulatory screening can help analyze how regulation impacts innovation. A six-step process is outlined: 1) Identify the area of focus, 2) Scope key details to understand the context, actors, and data 3) Identify the types of innovation and broader drivers and barriers, 4) Map the relevant regulatory landscape, 5) Link the regulation and innovation, and 6) Recap findings and identify actions. Conducting stakeholder interviews and workshops at key steps can provide diverse perspectives to inform the analysis. The goal is to understand both intended and unintended innovation effects to help policymakers ensure regulations optimally support innovation goals.
Presentation by Sean Ennis, Senior Economist, OECD Competition Division, at the II Competition and Regulation Forum: “Reaching for market efficiency” which took place in Mexico on 9-10 January 2018. Further information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/.
This document discusses the establishment of a procurement review system in Georgia based on recommendations from an EU Twinning Project. It provides background on the project's objectives of aligning Georgia's procurement practices with EU standards. It then summarizes Slovenia's existing non-judicial procurement review system as a model for Georgia, including the roles and qualifications of the National Review Commission members. Finally, it outlines some of the key challenges in establishing an independent and effective procurement review body for Georgia according to EU directives, including reconciling legal requirements, building institutional capacity, and improving visibility.
This presentation by Sabine Zigelski from the OECD Competition Division, was made during the discussion “The Suspensory Effects of Merger Notifications and Gun Jumping” held at the 130th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 27 November 2018. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/gjc.
Presentation by Paulo Magina, Head of the Public Procurement Unit, OECD Public Governance Directorate, on the new maps: experiences from assessing public procurement systems, Tbilisi, 6-7 November 2019.
This document discusses regulatory and institutional issues related to services trade. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Regulation of infrastructure services like telecommunications, energy and transport is important to correct market failures, promote development benefits from trade liberalization, and achieve domestic policy goals. Good regulation should promote economic growth and social welfare efficiently. Developing countries face challenges in establishing effective regulatory frameworks and institutions for infrastructure services due to lack of regulatory capacity and qualified staff.
The document summarizes the evolution of Poland's public procurement review system from 1994 to present. It describes two key review systems under the Public Procurement Act I and II. Appeals were initially reviewed by arbitration panels but are now handled by the National Appeals Chamber to promote professionalism and standardized judgments. While aiming to expedite procedures, removing the initial protest stage to the procuring entity may have unintentionally increased appeals. The effectiveness of arbitration versus the Appeals Chamber model continues to be debated, considering factors like cost, timeliness, expertise in procedural versus substantive law, and ability to unify rulings.
This presentation by Beyza Erbayat of the OECD Competition Division was made during the plenary session on “Investigative Powers in Practice”, held during the 17th OECD Global Forum on Competition on 29 November 2018. More documents and presentations on this topic can be found at oe.cd/invpw.
Doing Business with the Government of CanadaMartin Comeau
This document provides an overview of how to do business with the Government of Canada in 5 steps:
1. Understanding the Procurement Process - It describes the different purchasing methods used by the government including contracts, standing offers, and supply arrangements. It also outlines who does the purchasing.
2. Registering Your Business - It discusses registering your business in various government databases to be notified of opportunities such as the Supplier Registration Information system, Professional Services Online, SELECT, and others.
3. Promoting Yourself - No information provided.
4. Searching for Opportunities - No information provided.
5. Bidding on Opportunities - No information provided.
The document focuses
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of the PRRC (Person Responsible for Regulatory Compliance) within a medical device manufacturer's organization. It outlines the qualifications required to be a PRRC, their responsibilities which include ensuring device conformity and compliance with post-market surveillance obligations. It also compares the PRRC role to that of the Qualified Person in pharmaceuticals and discusses considerations around the PRRC's liabilities which are determined by national law.
This document summarizes efforts to help small and medium enterprises (SMEs) participate in public procurement contracts both within and outside of the European Union. Key points discussed include new EU directives from 2014 that established measures to reduce barriers for SMEs, such as dividing large contracts into smaller lots. Data shows SME participation in public procurement has increased in the EU since 2010. The document also outlines international cooperation efforts, such as a World Trade Organization initiative and trade agreements, to promote SME access to public contracts globally.
This presentation by the Norwegian Competition Authority was made during a workshop on “Regulation and competition in light of digitalisation” held by the OECD in Paris on 31 January 2018. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/wrcd.
Presentation by Zoran Blazevic, Croatia, at the SIGMA regional conference on public procurement which took place in Beirut on 2-3 June 2015. Also available in Arabic.
This presentation by the Latvian Competition Authority was made during Break-out Session 2: Enforcement in the framework of the discussion on “Overcoming adversity and attaining success: Small and developing competition agencies” held at the 16th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/sda.
This presentation by Spain (CNMC), was made during the presentations on “Tools for Addressing Competitive Neutrality” held at the 67th meeting of the OECD Working Party No.2 of the Competition Committee on 3 June 2019. More information on the topic can be found at ww.oecd.org/competition/competitive-neutrality.htm.
This presentation by Enrique VERGARA (President of the Competition Tribunal of Chile) was made during the discussion “Judicial perspectives on competition law” held at the 16th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/jpcl.
This document provides recommendations for some of the most popular holiday destinations, including France, the USA, and Italy. In France, popular spots include the beaches of Corsica and Île de Ré, cycling in the countryside, cooking courses in Paris, wine tours, and skiing or relaxing in the French Alps. The USA offers diverse landscapes, cultural sights, and food, with recommendations to visit New York, the East Coast, and take rail tours or river cruises. Italy is praised for its ancient culture, beaches, food, and charming people, suggesting visits to Rome, Florence, Venice, or renting a villa near the beaches or Italian Lakes.
Mohamed Gamal Eldeen Mahmoud is seeking a QC engineer position. He has a bachelor's degree in mechanical power engineering and additional qualifications in NDT inspections including RT, MT, PT, UT, and VT. He has over 10 years of experience in NDT inspections, lifting engineering, and survey work for oil and gas projects. His experience includes visual inspections, UT measurements, RT and PT interpretations for clients such as EMC, PetroLift, and Hi Energy Oil Field Services. He is proficient in English and computer skills.
The document is a 31-page research report that examines gambling prevalence among recipients of old age social grants in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It provides background on the study, including the problem statement, purpose, significance and methodology. Key findings are that most older persons gambled occasionally at casinos and spent between R50-R200 per visit. While some reported health and family issues due to gambling losses, most had a positive attitude toward gambling and understood risks. The report concludes by recommending responsible gambling programs and further research on impacts.
Mdumiseni Ndebele was awarded a Pass in the ISTQB® -BCS Certified Tester Foundation Level exam on June 23, 2015. The certificate was signed by Paul Fletcher, Group Chief Executive on June 24, 2015 and Geoff Thompson, Chair of the UK Testing Board on June 24, 2015. The certificate number is 00173657 and candidate number is ZJ32852804, with training provided by Pearson Vue.
The document discusses an Indian-made antivirus software called ESET that the author has used for the past two years without any problems. Originally, the author had installed McAfee antivirus but found it unavailable in Mumbai. Around two years ago, ESET was recommended and it cost Rs. 600 initially but recently increased to Rs. 1350 for a one year subscription. The author states they are not an agent but have used ESET and find it to work well. ESET also offers an advanced version for around Rs. 1800.
Flipped classrooms and more: How can we improve our teaching methods to enhan...Danny Liu
This document discusses ways to improve teaching methods to enhance student learning. It describes redesigning a first year biology course, including flipping lectures, making practicals more inquiry-based, increasing formative assessment and feedback, and leveraging online resources. It then discusses translating these ideas to pharmacy courses, such as making lectures more active, integrating assessments, and providing online support. The document provides examples of redesigning curriculum, assessments, lectures, practicals and online resources to improve student learning through increased engagement and authentic experiences.
Gearpump is a Akka based realtime streaming engine, it use Actor to model everything. It has super performance and flexibility. It has performance of 18000000 messages/second and latency of 8ms on a cluster of 4 machines.
Joint hindu family or Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) is an exclusive feature of Hindu Law. Joint Hindu family is a unit considers by law as separate entity for the purpose of taxation, but it is not considered as separate legal person. Present slides give an overview of Hindu undivided family and its consequences.
Automation of procedures in agricultural tradeExternalEvents
Three key points:
1) Electronic SPS certification involves the secure electronic transmission of sanitary and phytosanitary certificates from the exporting country's competent authority to the importing country's authority. This allows for integrity, efficiency, and security compared to paper certificates.
2) While electronic certification brings benefits, uptake has been slower than desired in developing countries due to challenges like lack of ICT infrastructure, need for legislative and standards harmonization, and high costs of establishing systems.
3) Before implementing electronic certification, countries should assess readiness, potential benefits and costs, consult stakeholders, and conduct feasibility analyses. Implementation should start with pilots and transitions to gain experience before fully replacing paper certificates.
This document discusses reforms needed to modernize and streamline India's customs procedures and facilitate trade. It outlines several problems with the current system such as excessive documentation, lack of automation and transparency.
The document recommends implementing a universal "Trust Based System" with uniform procedures for all importers based on risk assessment rather than selectivity. Key aspects include expanding automation and EDI networks, introducing post-clearance audits, self-assessment of bills of entry, and releasing goods based on minimum documentation for importers with good compliance records. Establishing multi-agency committees is also recommended to coordinate clearance processes across different organizations.
This is a part of a presentation I usually give to Member States and other development agencies on goPRS suite of software (goprs.unodc.org), a set of 5 software on public procurement corruption prevention...Ready to provide further details if needed. We need to curb corruption...
Challenges for an implementation of an electronic single window - Guichet Un...AAEC_AFRICAN
Presentation made during the "Sharing Experience session" on 15 march 2017 - 8th General Assembly of the African Alliance for Electronic Commerce, held in Nairobi.
NAFTZ President Erik Autor provides an overview of the FTZ Program along with its costs, benefits, and challenges on April 28, 2018 at the World FZO 4th Annual Conference in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
This document analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on Pakistan's export competitiveness and trade sector. It finds that 70% of exporting firms reported shutdowns during the pandemic, resulting in export revenue losses. Costs increased for firms due to higher freight, operations, and marketing expenses. While some government support measures were effective, only half of firms accessed support and uptake was lowest among small firms and agro-sector industries. The digital sector experienced both increased and decreased turnover. The document recommends trade policy reforms, improved e-commerce regulations, and increased public-private coordination to support export recovery from COVID-19 impacts.
OECD Regulatory Policy Review of Korea 2017 - Key FindingsOECD Governance
This document summarizes the key findings and recommendations from an OECD review of Korea's regulatory system. It finds that Korea has established many of the building blocks of a mature regulatory system, performing above average in areas like stakeholder engagement, regulatory impact assessment, and ex-post evaluation. However, opportunities remain to make the system more strategic, targeted, proactive, and inclusive. The review recommends steps like increasing leadership and oversight, improving regulatory quality management, expanding stakeholder engagement and transparency, enhancing risk-based compliance and inspections, and better supporting small and medium enterprises. The overall goal is to take Korea's regulatory policy to the next level.
OECD Regulatory Policy Review of Korea - Key FindingsJustin Kavanagh
OECD Regulatory Policy Review of Korea - Key Findings. Presentation at the launch of the report by Faisal Naru & Filippo Cavassini. www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy-in-korea-9789264274600-en.htm
The document discusses regulatory impact assessments (RIA) and the costs of red tape in South Africa. It provides examples of SBP's work conducting regulatory compliance cost studies and best practice assessments in multiple countries. RIA is presented as a tool to evaluate the need for government intervention and identify unintended consequences of regulatory proposals. The benefits of RIA include more efficient, evidence-based decision making and reduced costs. Key aspects like oversight, consultation and transparency are compared for RIA processes in various countries. The document concludes with lessons learned around implementing RIA and the aim of cutting unnecessary regulatory costs while maximizing benefits.
New drivers accelerators around Single Window_KENTRADE_SWC2016AAEC_AFRICAN
INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN SINGLE WINDOWS AND OTHER EXISTING SYSTEMS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES_KENTRADE PRESENTATION - SINGLE WINDOW CONFERENCE 2016 MARRAKESH
Intellectual property and international trade enforcement and dispute settlem...Susan Isiko
enforcement, TRIPS, TRIPS provisions, criminal procedures, civil procedures, border measures, remedies, China Case, WIPO practice, dispute settlement, enforcement of IP under WIPO, building respect for IP, teaching, education
Evaluating Impacts of Regulatory ReformsDaniel Trnka
A brief description of some quantitative and qualitative methods to assess impacts of adminsitrative simplification efforts, such as the Standard Cost Model and perception surveys
International regulatory cooperation: more important than everTGA Australia
The presentation was given by the TGA at the 2014 ARCS Scientific Congress, and covers the importance and future of international regulatory cooperation
Advance ruling by nbr needs to be well definedM S Siddiqui
1) Customs officials and traders often disagree on how to classify and value goods, leading to disputes. This is due to unclear guidelines and discretion given to customs officials.
2) The WTO and Revised Kyoto Convention aim to address this through advance rulings that provide binding determinations on classification and valuation. Bangladesh has agreed to implement advance rulings.
3) For advance rulings to be effective, the customs administration needs specialists in classification, valuation, and other areas. It also requires clear guidelines, transparency, and cooperation between customs and traders.
This document discusses cooperation between customs and business in the Netherlands. It notes that globalization, changing markets, and economic growth have led customs to play a key role in supply chain monitoring and security. Both customs and business need timely and accurate information sharing. Technology supports customs operations through risk analysis, non-intrusive scanning, and supply chain visibility. Current cooperation projects between Dutch customs and business include initiatives on end-to-end supply chain visibility, risk assessment, port cooperation, and improving logistics procedures. The document concludes that technology improves performance when developed through cooperation, and that enforcement and trade can have a win-win relationship.
Chapter C.1 - UN TP Manual: Legal Environment for Establishing TP RegimesDVSResearchFoundatio
This document summarizes key aspects of updating transfer pricing regimes based on Chapter C.1 of the UN TP Manual. It discusses the general legal environment for transfer pricing, including an overview of extant TP rules in countries and specific domestic TP rules. Regarding updates, it emphasizes the importance of gathering information through regional cooperation, engagement with international organizations, and participation in capacity building initiatives to regularly evaluate and improve domestic TP legislation.
Best Compliant Practices for Freight ForwardersInternational freig.docxikirkton
Best Compliant Practices for Freight Forwarders
International freight forwarders play a significant role in ensuring the security of the global supply chain. Without their supervision and control over the export process, in addition to the exporter’s role, there could be possible breaches of security. Many exporters rely solely on their freight forwarder’s expertise and truly believe that the responsibility of compliance and global security falls on the freight forwarder’s shoulders. Having a compliance program in place is a good selling tool for a freight forwarder and also demonstrates to the U. S government their commitment to being compliant however; even with these measures in place, however, a customer’s lack of knowledge in the compliance area can leave a freight forwarder vulnerable and susceptible to fines and penalties if extra steps are not taken. Having best practices in place can further assist a freight forwarder in avoiding these pitfalls.
Freight forwarders may have compliance responsibilities under the Export Administration Regulations even when their actions are based on information and or instructions provided by the exporter. Freight forwarders should be formally trained in U. S export regulations so that they are able to scrutinize the information being provided and minimize their exposure as well as their customers’. Hiring a freight forwarder to perform these actions does not relieve the exporter of their compliance responsibilities, however, and if an error is not identified or rectified prior to export, the exporter may actually place blame on the freight forwarder for not catching their omission or error. This may lead to both parties being exposed to possible fines and penalties and, perhaps even a loss of that customer to the freight forwarder. Freight forwarders are responsible for the information they file via the Automated Export System on behalf of their customer and it is important that they understand their obligations under the Export Administration Regulations, as no person, including an agent, may proceed with any transaction knowing that a violation of the EAR has occurred or is about to occur.
As freight forwarders, we must all understand our client’s needs but it is also critical to determine their level of knowledge and or possible shortcomings in all areas of the global supply chain, particularly in the compliance area. While routine freight forwarder procedures (i.e., tracing and tracking, customer service, etc.) complement a client profile, best practices will further enhance those processes and will offer protection for both parties against compliance deficiencies. Utilizing best practices is one of many ways in which a freight forwarder can offer their support to the export controls that are in place necessary to ensure global security.
Best practices can vary from freight forwarder to freight forwarder dependent on their client base, of course; however, the best practices outlined below pertain t ...
Enforcement Reforms at ANEEL: The implementation of OECD’s Best Practice Prin...OECD Governance
Presentation by Tiago de Barros Correia, ANEEL, Brazil, at the OECD Conference on Enforcement and Inspections which took place at the OECD Headquarter in Paris on 9 November 2017. Further information is available at http://oe.cd/regpol
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This document summarizes a study on implementing sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures to facilitate trade in Malawi, South Africa, and Zambia. It finds that while SPS measures are necessary to reduce health risks, inefficient implementation can increase trade costs. The study identifies opportunities to improve efficiency, such as clarifying agency roles and responsibilities, increasing transparency of requirements, reducing documentation burdens, and enhancing agency cooperation. Addressing these issues could help lower costs for traders and increase trade volumes in accordance with international trade agreements.
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1. Trade
facilita,on
in
the
context
of
the
SPS
Agreement:
lessons
and
experiences
ADB
-‐
CAREC
programme
6-‐8
October
2014
Ulaanbaatar,
Mongolia
Standards
and
Trade
Development
Facility
2. A
global
partnership
in
SPS
technical
coopera3on
• Coordina3on
mechanism
among
providers
of
SPS-‐related
technical
coopera3on
to
achieve
greater
coherence,
avoid
duplica,on
of
effort
and
enhance
results
• Knowledge
pla:orm
for
the
sharing
of
experiences,
iden,fica,on
and
dissemina,on
of
good
prac3ce,
discussion
of
cross-‐cu?ng
topics
• Support/funding
for
development
and
implementa3on
of
projects
that
assist
in
complying
with
interna,onal
SPS
requirements;
and
in
gaining/maintaining
market
access
3. SPS
measures
and
Trade
Facilita3on:
context
• Outdated
border
clearance
procedures
and
excessive
red
tape
are
a
greater
barrier
to
trade
than
tariffs
(WB,
2011)
• Performance
gap
between
health/SPS
agencies
and
others
• Low-‐performing
countries:
far
higher
prevalence
of
physical
inspec3on
• Import
/
export
lead
3mes
twice
as
long
for
top
performers
(generally
high
income)
countries
as
for
poor
performers
(generally
low-‐income)
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
2010
2012
2014
Private
sector
%
rate
of
sa3sfac3on
with
selected
border
agencies
(bo[om
quin,le
respondents)*
Customs
Quality
and
Standards
Health/SPS
Source:
World
Bank
Logis3cs
Performance
Index
*include
Afghanistan,
Kyrgyz
Republic,
Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
and
Mongolia
4. Right
of
Members
to
protect
human,
animal,
plant
life
or
health
(safeguard
legi,mate
regulatory
objec,ves)
Avoiding
unnecessary
barriers
to
trade
(wai,ng
,mes,
red
tape,
fees,
transparency)
• SPS
measures
(and
their
implementa3on)
may
result
in
trade-‐
related
transac3on
costs
• However,
these
can
be
jus3fied
by
the
need
to
protect
human,
animal
or
plant
life
or
health
SPS
Agreement
(1995)
5. SPS
Agreement
Main
trade
facilita3on
provisions
• Minimal
trade
restric.on
(Art.
5.6)
– Measures
are
not
more
trade
restric,ve
than
required
to
achieve
the
appropriate
level
of
SPS
protec,on
• Harmoniza.on
&
Equivalence
(Art.3
&
4)
• Transparency
(Art.
7
+
Annex
B)
– Enquiry
points
and
prompt
no,fica,on
• Control,
Inspec.on
&
Approval
Procedures
(Art.
7
+
Annex
C)
– undue
delay
prohibited;
release
,mes
communicated;
fees
limited
to
cost;
appeal
procedures
Protec3on
of
human,
animal
and
plant
life
or
health
• Scien.fic
jus.fica.on
(Art.
2.2
&
5.2)
– Legi,mate
SPS
measures
and
controls
based
on
scien,fic
principles
and
assessment
of
risks
• Provisional
measures
(Art.
5.7)
– SPS
measures
can
be
based
on
available
and
per,nent
informa,on,
where
scien,fic
evidence
is
insufficient
6. STDF
research
in
selected
countries
and
for
selected
products
• Objec3ves:
– Iden3fy
key
needs/good
prac3ces
to
ensure
health
protec3on
while
minimizing
trade
transac3on
costs
– Make
prac3cal
recommenda3ons
to
enhance
technical
assistance
focused
on
SPS
and
trade
facilita3on
• Ques3ons:
– How
are
SPS
measures
applied
in
prac3ce
to
imports,
exports
and
transit
goods?
– Can
SPS-‐related
trade
costs/delays
be
reduced/avoided
without
compromising
SPS
objec3ves?
How?
• No
direct
link
to
new
WTO
TF
Agreement
–
but
opportunity
to
enhance
dialogue
and
integrate
SPS
components
in
TF
programmes
7. SPS-‐related
procedural
obstacles
to
trade:
examples
…before
the
border?
…behind
the
border?
• Complex
and
lengthy
procedures
• Excessive
document
requirements
(registra,on,
licences,
fees)
• Formal
/
informal
fees
• Lack
of
informa3on
(transparency)
• No
complaints
/
appeal
procedures
• Arbitrariness
and
unpredictability
Do
the
procedural
obstacles
occur…
• Duplicate
document
requirements
by
impor,ng/expor,ng
countries
• No
dis3nc3on
between
mandatory
and
voluntary
standards
• Overlapping
jurisdic3on
between
government
agencies
• (Mul,ple)
inspec3ons,
tests
and
sampling
• Repeated
document
checks
• Long
wai3ng
3mes
• Lack
of
coordina3on
between
border
agencies
(e.g.
opening
hours)
8. Preliminary
findings:
simple
solu3ons
• Improve
transparency
– Use
online
tools
whenever
prac,cal.
Leaflets
and
brochures
are
also
useful.
• Reduce
possibili3es
for
rent-‐seeking
– De-‐couple
revenue-‐raising
ac.vity
from
regulatory
ac.vity.
Procedural
obstacles
which
are
not
accompanied
by
more
effec%ve
and
efficient
SPS
protec,on
should
not
be
rewarded
with
increased
revenue
• Reduce
document
requirements
– Limit
the
use
of
(i)
company
and
product
registra3on,
(ii)
licences
and
(iii)
import/
export
permits
to
special
groups
of
high
risk
products.
• Coordinate
with
trade
partners
– Apply
equivalence
and
seek
mutual
recogni3on
agreement
to
prevent
duplica3ve
controls
in
expor,ng
and
impor,ng
countries.
Do
not
require
mandatory
export
cer,fica,ons
that
are
not
required
by
the
foreign
buyer.
• Reduce
wai3ng
3mes
9. More
advanced
solu3ons
• Risk-‐based
SPS
controls
– The
intensity
of
controls
is
adjusted
according
to
the
risk-‐profile
of
goods/
traders,
but
this
depends
on
consistent
and
reliable
data
collec3on,
sta3s3cal
analysis
and
the
procurement
and
maintenance
of
ICT
hardware.
• Trade
informa3on
desks
– TIDs
act
as
a
liaison
between
the
private
sector
and
the
public
sector,
providing
informa3on
and
facilita3ng
compliance
with
border
controls.
They
can
be
run
by
the
public
sector,
the
private
sector,
or
as
a
PPP.
• Single
windows
– Single
windows
bring
border
agencies
together
in
one
place,
allowing
operators
to
make
one
declara3on
and
one
payment
for
compliance
with
all
border
controls.
ARE
SPS
AUTHORITIES
INVOLVED?
10. • Single
Electronic
Windows
– SEWs
allow
traders
to
submit
all
import,
export,
and
transit
informa3on
simultaneously
– Developing
countries
may
not
have
the
necessary
communica3ons
infrastructure,
technical
capacity
or
human
and
financial
resources
for
effec,ve
implementa,on.
– Premature
introduc3on
can
be
accompanied
by
arbitrary
enforcement
of
parallel
(documents-‐based)
procedures
that
are
open
to
abuse
by
officials
• One-‐Stop
Border
Posts
– OSBPs
streamline
clearance
processes
by
bringing
together
equivalent
authori3es
(in
neighbouring
countries)
onto
one
side
of
the
border,
where
controls
on
inbound/outbound
are
carried
out
simultaneously,
saving
,me
and
resources
by
coordina3ng
similar
func3ons
– OSBPs
must
be
preceded
by
procedural
and
process
reforms
Most
Advanced
Solu3ons
11. SPS
performance
EFFECTIVENESS
The
extent
to
which
SPS
measure
or
its
implementa,on
achieves
a
pre-‐
defined
objec,ve
EFFICIENCY
The
extent
to
which
a
pre-‐defined
objec,ve
can
be
achieved
at
a
lower
cost
in
terms
of
resources
and
,me
In
order
to
evaluate
the
effec3veness
and
efficiency
of
SPS
measures/
agencies
one
must:
• define
objec.ves
and
develop
SPS
performance
indicators
• carry
out
baseline
studies
of
current
performance
• Monitor
indicators
on
an
ongoing
basis
and
carry
out
ex-‐post
evalua.on
of
performance
Inputs
(Resources
spent
to
ensure
SPS
compliance)
Ac3vi3es
(Procedures
and
controls
for
SPS
compliance)
Results
(Improvement
in
human,
animal
and
plant
health)
12. Does
the
SPS
measure
achieve
its
health
objec3ve?
Can
the
measure
be
adapted/reinforced
so
as
to
achieve
its
stated
objec3ve?
Can
the
resources
and
3me
needed
to
(i) implement
the
measure
(public
sector);
and
(ii) comply
with
the
measure
(private
sector)
be
reduced
without
compromising
the
objec3ve?
Facilitate
Safe
Trade
Reform
the
SPS
measure
Consider
whether
the
measure
should
be
classified
as
an
unnecessary
barrier
to
trade
SPS
measure
is
op3mal
EFFICIENCY
EFFECTIVENESS
Yes
No
No
13. • What
is
the
status
of
SPS
reform
in
individual
CAREC
countries?
• Are
SPS
agencies
par,cipa,ng
in
Single
Window
/
Coordinated
Border
Management
projects?
• Is
there
scope
for
more
regional
coopera3on?
– Increased
regional
trade
in
goods
subject
to
SPS
controls
– CAREC
SPS
Working
Group?
• Are
CAREC
members
par,cipa,ng
in
WTO
needs
assessments
in
the
context
of
the
new
Trade
Facilita,on
agreement?
Reflec3ons
14. For
more
informa3on
Standards
and
Trade
Development
Facility
World
Trade
Organiza3on
Rue
de
Lausanne
154
CH-‐1211
Geneva
Switzerland
STDFSecretariat@wto.org
www.standardsfacility.org
Subscribe
to
STDF
electronic
list
and
download
STDF
publica.ons