The document summarizes a seminar presentation about cardiac output. It defines cardiac output as the volume of blood pumped each minute, expressed as the product of stroke volume and heart rate. It lists factors that affect heart rate like hormones, fitness levels, and age. Factors affecting stroke volume are discussed as heart size, fitness level, contractility, gender, and duration of contraction. Methods for measuring cardiac output are also presented, including Fick's principle, dye dilution, thermodilution, Doppler echocardiography, and cineradiography.

1. PRESENTED BY
AKASH CHAURASIA
ROLL NO -6
STUDENT OF B.Sc. NURSING 1ST SEMESTER
MADHAV PRASAD TRIPATHI MEDICAL COLLEGE,
SIDDHARTHNAGAR
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY
Seminar topic
CARDIAC OUTPUT

2. o INTRODUCTION
o FACTORS AFFECTING HEART RATIO(HR)
o FACTORS AFFECTING STROKE VOLUME(SV)
o MEASUREMENT OF CARDIAC OUTPUT

3. o Cardiac Output
o Cardiac Output is the volume of blood pumped each minute, and is
expressed by the following equation
o • CO+SV*HR
o Where:
o CO is cardiac output expressed in L/min(normal-5L/min)
o SV is stroke volume per beat
o HR is the number of beats per minute

5. o Hormones
o Fitness levels
o Age

6. o Heart size
o Fitness level
o Contractility
o Gender
o Duration of contraction

7. o Heart rate
when heart rate increases, cardiac output also increases.
any factor which changes the heart rate will also change cardiac
output
o Force of contraction of heart
o When the force of contraction of the heart increases, stroke volume
will increases. Therefore cardiac output will increase.
o Blood volume.
o When blood volume increases cardiac output increases.
o Venous return

8. o Methods based on Fick's principle
o Indicator or dye dilution method
o Thermodilution
o Inhalation of inert gases
o Physical methods
o Doppler echocardiography
o Ballistocardiography
o Cineradiographic technique