Carbon monoxide (asphyxiant) poisoning / silent killer
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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
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Asphyxiants.pptx
Asphyxiants are gases that reduce or displace oxygen in the air, leading to suffocation. The main asphyxiants are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. Carbon monoxide binds strongly to hemoglobin, preventing oxygen transport. Carbon dioxide buildup leads to lack of oxygen in tissues. Hydrogen sulfide paralyzes the respiratory center. Diagnosis of carbon monoxide poisoning involves analyzing blood samples for carboxyhemoglobin levels above 10%. Exposure to high concentrations of any of these gases can rapidly lead to loss of consciousness, respiratory failure, and death.
Corrosive poisons
This document discusses various corrosive poisons including acids and alkalies. It describes their properties, clinical effects, post-mortem findings, and medicolegal aspects. Major acids discussed are sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, and carbolic acid. Their local tissue-destroying effects and systemic toxicity are outlined. Major alkalies covered are ammonia, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium/potassium carbonates. Their caustic properties, inhalation dangers, and causes of death are summarized. The document provides details on evaluating and treating corrosive poisoning cases.
HYDROCYANIC ACID.pdf
This presentation includes:
Other names of hydrocyanic acid
Physical appearance of cyanides
Commercial uses of cyanides
Sources of cyanides
Mode of action of cyanides
Fatal Dose and fatal period of cyanides
Acute Poisoning of cyanides
Chronic Poisoning of cyanides
Diagnosis of cyanides
Treatment of cyanides
Post-Mortem appearance
Medicolegal importance
If you like my work then thumb 👍🏻. Thanking in anticipation.
Corrosive poisons
Sulphuric acid is a corrosive poison that causes severe burns and damage upon contact. It works by extracting water from tissues, generating heat, and coagulating proteins. Ingestion can cause pain, swelling and discoloration of the mouth, throat and stomach as well as vomiting, bleeding and perforation of organs. Without treatment, complications like shock, infection and organ failure can be fatal. Autopsy findings show corrosion and blackening of the digestive tract. Diagnosis involves tests of fluids and imaging of injuries. Proper treatment requires immediate dilution and neutralization followed by measures to address complications.
Abrus precatorius
Abrus precatorius is a climbing plant found in India. Its seeds are highly toxic due to the presence of abrin, a toxalbumin that is 100 times more poisonous when injected subcutaneously compared to ingestion. Symptoms of poisoning include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and weakness within hours of exposure. Treatment involves gastric lavage, activated charcoal, purgatives, and sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the toxin. The seeds have been used for homicides, to induce abortions, as arrow poison, and to harm cattle.
Pathophysiology of asphyxia & drowning
This document discusses pathophysiology of asphyxia. It begins by defining asphyxia and describing the normal levels of oxygen in the blood. It then discusses Gordon's classification of anoxia and the different types. Histotoxic anoxia is subdivided and explained further. The stages of asphyxia and vicious cycle are outlined. Asphyxial triad of cyanosis, congestion/edema and petechiae is defined. Violent asphyxial deaths like hanging, strangulation and drowning are described in detail including the post-mortem findings associated with each type. Histological changes and effects of asphyxia on the brain are also summarized.
Asphyxiant poisons
1. Asphyxia is a condition caused by a severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body due to abnormal breathing or other reasons. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that can cause asphyxiation by displacing oxygen from hemoglobin in the blood.
2. Carbon monoxide poisoning causes symptoms ranging from mild headache at low levels of saturation to coma and death at very high levels. Symptoms progress as the level of carbon monoxide in the blood increases.
3. At autopsy, tissues of victims of carbon monoxide poisoning exhibit a characteristic cherry red discoloration due to the formation of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood. Spectroscopy and chemical tests can also be used
Spinal poisons
Strychnos nux vomica tree contains highly toxic alkaloids, mainly strychnine and brucine, throughout its seeds, fruits, leaves, and bark. Ingestion of any part of the tree can cause intense muscle spasms and convulsions due to strychnine's action of blocking inhibitory neurons in the spinal cord. Symptoms include risus sardonicus, tetanic muscle contractions, hyperthermia, and eventual respiratory failure. There is no antidote, so treatment focuses on controlling seizures, supportive care, and gastric decontamination. Historically, strychnine was used as a rodent poison and in murder, but accidental childhood poisonings from chewing
Recommended
Asphyxiants.pptx
Asphyxiants are gases that reduce or displace oxygen in the air, leading to suffocation. The main asphyxiants are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. Carbon monoxide binds strongly to hemoglobin, preventing oxygen transport. Carbon dioxide buildup leads to lack of oxygen in tissues. Hydrogen sulfide paralyzes the respiratory center. Diagnosis of carbon monoxide poisoning involves analyzing blood samples for carboxyhemoglobin levels above 10%. Exposure to high concentrations of any of these gases can rapidly lead to loss of consciousness, respiratory failure, and death.
Corrosive poisons
This document discusses various corrosive poisons including acids and alkalies. It describes their properties, clinical effects, post-mortem findings, and medicolegal aspects. Major acids discussed are sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, and carbolic acid. Their local tissue-destroying effects and systemic toxicity are outlined. Major alkalies covered are ammonia, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium/potassium carbonates. Their caustic properties, inhalation dangers, and causes of death are summarized. The document provides details on evaluating and treating corrosive poisoning cases.
HYDROCYANIC ACID.pdf
This presentation includes:
Other names of hydrocyanic acid
Physical appearance of cyanides
Commercial uses of cyanides
Sources of cyanides
Mode of action of cyanides
Fatal Dose and fatal period of cyanides
Acute Poisoning of cyanides
Chronic Poisoning of cyanides
Diagnosis of cyanides
Treatment of cyanides
Post-Mortem appearance
Medicolegal importance
If you like my work then thumb 👍🏻. Thanking in anticipation.
Corrosive poisons
Sulphuric acid is a corrosive poison that causes severe burns and damage upon contact. It works by extracting water from tissues, generating heat, and coagulating proteins. Ingestion can cause pain, swelling and discoloration of the mouth, throat and stomach as well as vomiting, bleeding and perforation of organs. Without treatment, complications like shock, infection and organ failure can be fatal. Autopsy findings show corrosion and blackening of the digestive tract. Diagnosis involves tests of fluids and imaging of injuries. Proper treatment requires immediate dilution and neutralization followed by measures to address complications.
Abrus precatorius
Abrus precatorius is a climbing plant found in India. Its seeds are highly toxic due to the presence of abrin, a toxalbumin that is 100 times more poisonous when injected subcutaneously compared to ingestion. Symptoms of poisoning include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and weakness within hours of exposure. Treatment involves gastric lavage, activated charcoal, purgatives, and sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the toxin. The seeds have been used for homicides, to induce abortions, as arrow poison, and to harm cattle.
Pathophysiology of asphyxia & drowning
This document discusses pathophysiology of asphyxia. It begins by defining asphyxia and describing the normal levels of oxygen in the blood. It then discusses Gordon's classification of anoxia and the different types. Histotoxic anoxia is subdivided and explained further. The stages of asphyxia and vicious cycle are outlined. Asphyxial triad of cyanosis, congestion/edema and petechiae is defined. Violent asphyxial deaths like hanging, strangulation and drowning are described in detail including the post-mortem findings associated with each type. Histological changes and effects of asphyxia on the brain are also summarized.
Asphyxiant poisons
1. Asphyxia is a condition caused by a severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body due to abnormal breathing or other reasons. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that can cause asphyxiation by displacing oxygen from hemoglobin in the blood.
2. Carbon monoxide poisoning causes symptoms ranging from mild headache at low levels of saturation to coma and death at very high levels. Symptoms progress as the level of carbon monoxide in the blood increases.
3. At autopsy, tissues of victims of carbon monoxide poisoning exhibit a characteristic cherry red discoloration due to the formation of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood. Spectroscopy and chemical tests can also be used
Spinal poisons
Strychnos nux vomica tree contains highly toxic alkaloids, mainly strychnine and brucine, throughout its seeds, fruits, leaves, and bark. Ingestion of any part of the tree can cause intense muscle spasms and convulsions due to strychnine's action of blocking inhibitory neurons in the spinal cord. Symptoms include risus sardonicus, tetanic muscle contractions, hyperthermia, and eventual respiratory failure. There is no antidote, so treatment focuses on controlling seizures, supportive care, and gastric decontamination. Historically, strychnine was used as a rodent poison and in murder, but accidental childhood poisonings from chewing
Opium
This document summarizes information about opium and its effects. It discusses that opium is derived from poppy plants and contains alkaloids like morphine and codeine. It can be administered orally, intravenously, by inhalation, or through other orifices. Its effects include an initial excitement stage, followed by a stupor stage and then deep narcosis. It acts on opioid receptors in the central nervous system. Prolonged use can lead to morphine dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Naloxone is used as an antidote for opiate overdoses.
Corrosive poisons
This document provides information on corrosive poisons including sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, phenol, and nitric acid. It describes their physical and chemical properties, mechanisms of action, clinical features of poisoning, treatment approaches, causes of death, and post-mortem appearances. It also discusses their judicious and injudicious uses and medicolegal significance. The document is intended to educate about these dangerous corrosive poisons through detailed descriptions and comparisons.
Metalic (Cu,fe,th,mg) poisoning
1. Copper and copper compounds like copper sulfate and copper subacetate are toxic heavy metals that can cause acute and chronic poisoning through ingestion, inhalation, or skin exposure.
2. Acute copper poisoning causes gastrointestinal symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea as well as liver and kidney damage. Chronic poisoning can result in conditions like anemia, bronchitis, and corneal ulcers.
3. Iron and thallium are also toxic heavy metals that can cause multiple organ damage and even death in acute overdoses. Their absorption is followed by stages of toxicity affecting the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, and other organs.
4. Potassium permanganate is a toxic compound of manganese that
Abrasions
Abrasions are mechanical injuries to the superficial layers of the skin caused by blunt force friction against a rough surface. There are several types of abrasions including scratches, grazes, pressure abrasions, and impact abrasions. The age of an abrasion can be determined by the color, which ranges from bright red in fresh abrasions to brown or black scabs in older abrasions. Abrasions have forensic importance as the location, pattern, and age can provide clues about the circumstances of injury.
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This document discusses the cardiac poison Aconite. It notes that all parts of the Aconite plant are poisonous, especially the root. The root is brown and cone-shaped. Aconite contains several toxic alkaloids including aconitine. Aconitine acts on sodium channels and first stimulates then paralyzes nerves and muscles. Signs of aconite poisoning include nausea, arrhythmias, weakness, numbness, and respiratory failure. There is no antidote, and treatment is supportive. Large doses can cause death in 2-6 hours from respiratory or cardiac causes. Aconite is sometimes used criminally due to its quick lethal effects.
Corrosives/caustics
Corrosives are substances that destroy body tissues upon contact. They include acids like sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid, as well as alkalis like ammonia, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide. Acids release hydronium ions that cause coagulation and necrosis of tissues. Alkalis saponify cell membranes, disrupting proteins and liquefying tissues. Signs and symptoms include burning sensations, vomiting, and discoloration of the skin, teeth, and tissues. Management involves decontamination, supportive care, corticosteroids to prevent strictures, and surgery if perforations occur.
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Spinal poisons
1. Strychnos Nux Vomica seeds contain the toxic alkaloids strychnine and brucine, which act as spinal poisons by competitively blocking inhibitory receptors in the spinal cord, causing widespread muscle spasms and convulsions.
2. Curare acts as a peripheral nerve poison by blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, causing flaccid paralysis.
3. Conium Maculatum (Hemlock) contains the toxic alkaloid coniine and causes progressive motor paralysis through its effects.
Digitalis Purpurea toxicity (cardiac poison)
This document discusses digitalis purpurea toxicity. It begins with an introduction to digitalis purpurea as a flowering plant containing cardiac glycosides like digoxin. It then describes the signs and symptoms of digitalis toxicity which include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mental confusion, visual disturbances and cardiac arrhythmias. It provides information on fatal doses, diagnosis, and treatment which involves decontamination, ECG monitoring, correcting electrolyte and cardiovascular abnormalities, and use of antidotes. It notes that postmortem appearances may include gastric irritation and no specific signs, and that cases are usually accidental from overdose rather than homicide.
Corrosive poisons (Sulphuric acid)
Sulphuric acid as a corrosive poison. the characteristics, fatal dose, fatal time, sign and symptoms, post-mortem appearance and medicolegal importance are discussed
Poisoninng by Vegetable irritant
The chief vegetable purgatives are aloes, colocynth, gamboge, jalap,
scammony, seeds of castor-oil plant, croton-oil, elaterium, the
hellebores, and colchicum. All these have, either alone or combined,
proved fatal. The active principle in aloes is aloin; of jalap, jalapin;
of white hellebore, veratria; and of colchicum, colchicin. Morrison's
pills contain aloes and colocynth; aloes is also the chief ingredient in
Holloway's pills
Toxicity of Corrosives
1. Corrosives are substances that cause local, rapid destruction of tissues upon contact. They include strong acids and alkalis.
2. Common corrosives used in chemical assaults include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, carbolic acid, and caustic soda. Assaults with caustic chemicals are more likely to occur against women.
3. Ingestion of corrosives can cause immediate pain and tissue damage as well as complications like strictures, infections, and even death. Management involves decontamination, treatment of symptoms, and long term management of complications.
Hanging, strangulation, Asphyxial death
1) Hanging is a type of asphyxial death caused by suspension of the body by a ligature around the neck. It can be suicidal, homicidal, judicial, or accidental.
2) In a complete hanging, the whole body weight is suspended and death is caused by asphyxia from tracheal compression. In a partial hanging, some part of the body touches the ground and death is caused by venous congestion.
3) Signs of hanging include a ligature mark, protrusion of the tongue, petechial hemorrhages on the face, ear hemorrhages, and internal injuries like carotid artery tears or hyoid bone fractures. These signs differ between homicidal and suicidal
Snake & Snake bites
Snake bites can be fatal, causing around 30-40 thousand deaths per year in tropical countries. Poisonous snakes use venom glands and hollow fangs to inject victims. Cobra venom causes symptoms within minutes like blurred vision and paralysis, while krait and viper venom have longer onset but can cause bleeding, organ damage, and death from shock. First aid involves cleaning the wound, immobilizing the limb, and rushing the victim to the hospital. There, antivenom treatment, supportive care, and monitoring for anaphylaxis are given to counter the effects of the venom and save the victim's life.
Asphyxiants
The document discusses different types of asphyxiants including irritants, chemical asphyxiants, simple asphyxiants, and volatile drugs. Irritants such as smoke and tear gas injure the air passages while chemical asphyxiants like carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide prevent oxygen utilization. Simple asphyxiants like carbon dioxide act by excluding oxygen. Volatile drugs can act as anesthetics or toxins to organs. Specific asphyxiants are then discussed in more detail including their properties, mechanisms of action, signs and symptoms, and treatment approaches.
Strangulation (Hanging)
Strangulation, hanging, suffocation, road/railway injuries, and electrocution are common methods of suicidal death. Strangulation causes asphyxia by compressing the neck and blocking blood flow and air passage to the brain. Hanging causes cerebral hypoxia by compressing the neck and jugular veins. Suffocation involves blocking external airways. Road/railway injuries typically cause severe trauma, hemorrhage or organ damage. Electrocution usually causes cardiac arrhythmias and ventricular fibrillation leading to cardiac arrest. Autopsies look for neck furrows, petechiae, internal injuries or electrical marks depending on the method.
Cardiac poisons forensic aspects part 2 mb singh 2020
This document summarizes information about several poisonous plants:
- Cerbera thevetia, known as yellow oleander, contains cardiac glycosides and all parts are poisonous. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhea, fainting, irregular pulse and death from circulatory failure within 2-3 hours.
- Cleistanthus collinus ingestion causes hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, hypotension and hypoxia, potentially leading to rhabdomyolysis and kidney failure.
- Gelsemium, known as heartbreak grass, contains toxic compounds like gelsemine related to strychnine that can cause dizziness, convulsions and death when ingested.
- Multiple choice
Arsenic poisoning( acute, subacute and chronic)
most historic importance as well as industry based poison . alternate medicine treatment may lead to overdose toxicity
Vegetable irritants poisons
This document provides information on several toxic plant seeds including castor, abrus precatorius, marking nut, croton, and their toxic effects. It describes the physical characteristics, toxic principles, clinical features of ingestion or contact, fatal doses, treatment, and post-mortem findings for each plant. It also discusses their judicious and criminal uses, as well as common cattle and arrow poisons, which highlights their medicolegal significance.
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Strychinine poisoning (Nux vomica) / Rodenticide/ tetanus/ spinal poison
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
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Opium
This document summarizes information about opium and its effects. It discusses that opium is derived from poppy plants and contains alkaloids like morphine and codeine. It can be administered orally, intravenously, by inhalation, or through other orifices. Its effects include an initial excitement stage, followed by a stupor stage and then deep narcosis. It acts on opioid receptors in the central nervous system. Prolonged use can lead to morphine dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Naloxone is used as an antidote for opiate overdoses.
Corrosive poisons
This document provides information on corrosive poisons including sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, phenol, and nitric acid. It describes their physical and chemical properties, mechanisms of action, clinical features of poisoning, treatment approaches, causes of death, and post-mortem appearances. It also discusses their judicious and injudicious uses and medicolegal significance. The document is intended to educate about these dangerous corrosive poisons through detailed descriptions and comparisons.
Metalic (Cu,fe,th,mg) poisoning
1. Copper and copper compounds like copper sulfate and copper subacetate are toxic heavy metals that can cause acute and chronic poisoning through ingestion, inhalation, or skin exposure.
2. Acute copper poisoning causes gastrointestinal symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea as well as liver and kidney damage. Chronic poisoning can result in conditions like anemia, bronchitis, and corneal ulcers.
3. Iron and thallium are also toxic heavy metals that can cause multiple organ damage and even death in acute overdoses. Their absorption is followed by stages of toxicity affecting the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, and other organs.
4. Potassium permanganate is a toxic compound of manganese that
Abrasions
Abrasions are mechanical injuries to the superficial layers of the skin caused by blunt force friction against a rough surface. There are several types of abrasions including scratches, grazes, pressure abrasions, and impact abrasions. The age of an abrasion can be determined by the color, which ranges from bright red in fresh abrasions to brown or black scabs in older abrasions. Abrasions have forensic importance as the location, pattern, and age can provide clues about the circumstances of injury.
Cardiac poisons forensic aspects part1
This document discusses the cardiac poison Aconite. It notes that all parts of the Aconite plant are poisonous, especially the root. The root is brown and cone-shaped. Aconite contains several toxic alkaloids including aconitine. Aconitine acts on sodium channels and first stimulates then paralyzes nerves and muscles. Signs of aconite poisoning include nausea, arrhythmias, weakness, numbness, and respiratory failure. There is no antidote, and treatment is supportive. Large doses can cause death in 2-6 hours from respiratory or cardiac causes. Aconite is sometimes used criminally due to its quick lethal effects.
Corrosives/caustics
Corrosives are substances that destroy body tissues upon contact. They include acids like sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid, as well as alkalis like ammonia, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide. Acids release hydronium ions that cause coagulation and necrosis of tissues. Alkalis saponify cell membranes, disrupting proteins and liquefying tissues. Signs and symptoms include burning sensations, vomiting, and discoloration of the skin, teeth, and tissues. Management involves decontamination, supportive care, corticosteroids to prevent strictures, and surgery if perforations occur.
Datura (dhatura, atropine , scopolamine, thorn apple , jimson weed) poisoning...
This document discusses Datura poisoning, also known as deliriant poisoning. It begins with an introduction to the Datura plant, including its key features and traditional uses. The main active principles in Datura that cause toxicity are then outlined. The mechanisms of action and typical signs and symptoms of Datura poisoning are described next, including effects on the central nervous system and characteristics like dry mouth and dilated pupils. Fatal doses, diagnosis, treatment, and postmortem appearances are summarized. The document concludes by noting the potential medicolegal aspects of Datura poisoning, such as uses in crimes like robbery or kidnapping.
Agricultural poison.pptx
This document discusses endosulfan poisoning in Kerala. It provides background on endosulfan, noting that it is a neurotoxic organochlorine insecticide and acaricide that was commonly used in agriculture in Kerala. In the 1990s, health disorders began emerging in the population exposed to endosulfan spraying, including congenital anomalies, mental retardation, and neurological and reproductive issues. The document outlines some Ayurvedic concepts for acute and chronic poisoning. It also discusses precautions that should be taken when spraying endosulfan, such as protective clothing, washing after use, limiting spraying time and following rest periods, and avoiding those with respiratory disease.
Spinal poisons
1. Strychnos Nux Vomica seeds contain the toxic alkaloids strychnine and brucine, which act as spinal poisons by competitively blocking inhibitory receptors in the spinal cord, causing widespread muscle spasms and convulsions.
2. Curare acts as a peripheral nerve poison by blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, causing flaccid paralysis.
3. Conium Maculatum (Hemlock) contains the toxic alkaloid coniine and causes progressive motor paralysis through its effects.
Digitalis Purpurea toxicity (cardiac poison)
This document discusses digitalis purpurea toxicity. It begins with an introduction to digitalis purpurea as a flowering plant containing cardiac glycosides like digoxin. It then describes the signs and symptoms of digitalis toxicity which include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mental confusion, visual disturbances and cardiac arrhythmias. It provides information on fatal doses, diagnosis, and treatment which involves decontamination, ECG monitoring, correcting electrolyte and cardiovascular abnormalities, and use of antidotes. It notes that postmortem appearances may include gastric irritation and no specific signs, and that cases are usually accidental from overdose rather than homicide.
Corrosive poisons (Sulphuric acid)
Sulphuric acid as a corrosive poison. the characteristics, fatal dose, fatal time, sign and symptoms, post-mortem appearance and medicolegal importance are discussed
Poisoninng by Vegetable irritant
The chief vegetable purgatives are aloes, colocynth, gamboge, jalap,
scammony, seeds of castor-oil plant, croton-oil, elaterium, the
hellebores, and colchicum. All these have, either alone or combined,
proved fatal. The active principle in aloes is aloin; of jalap, jalapin;
of white hellebore, veratria; and of colchicum, colchicin. Morrison's
pills contain aloes and colocynth; aloes is also the chief ingredient in
Holloway's pills
Toxicity of Corrosives
1. Corrosives are substances that cause local, rapid destruction of tissues upon contact. They include strong acids and alkalis.
2. Common corrosives used in chemical assaults include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, carbolic acid, and caustic soda. Assaults with caustic chemicals are more likely to occur against women.
3. Ingestion of corrosives can cause immediate pain and tissue damage as well as complications like strictures, infections, and even death. Management involves decontamination, treatment of symptoms, and long term management of complications.
Hanging, strangulation, Asphyxial death
1) Hanging is a type of asphyxial death caused by suspension of the body by a ligature around the neck. It can be suicidal, homicidal, judicial, or accidental.
2) In a complete hanging, the whole body weight is suspended and death is caused by asphyxia from tracheal compression. In a partial hanging, some part of the body touches the ground and death is caused by venous congestion.
3) Signs of hanging include a ligature mark, protrusion of the tongue, petechial hemorrhages on the face, ear hemorrhages, and internal injuries like carotid artery tears or hyoid bone fractures. These signs differ between homicidal and suicidal
Snake & Snake bites
Snake bites can be fatal, causing around 30-40 thousand deaths per year in tropical countries. Poisonous snakes use venom glands and hollow fangs to inject victims. Cobra venom causes symptoms within minutes like blurred vision and paralysis, while krait and viper venom have longer onset but can cause bleeding, organ damage, and death from shock. First aid involves cleaning the wound, immobilizing the limb, and rushing the victim to the hospital. There, antivenom treatment, supportive care, and monitoring for anaphylaxis are given to counter the effects of the venom and save the victim's life.
Asphyxiants
The document discusses different types of asphyxiants including irritants, chemical asphyxiants, simple asphyxiants, and volatile drugs. Irritants such as smoke and tear gas injure the air passages while chemical asphyxiants like carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide prevent oxygen utilization. Simple asphyxiants like carbon dioxide act by excluding oxygen. Volatile drugs can act as anesthetics or toxins to organs. Specific asphyxiants are then discussed in more detail including their properties, mechanisms of action, signs and symptoms, and treatment approaches.
Strangulation (Hanging)
Strangulation, hanging, suffocation, road/railway injuries, and electrocution are common methods of suicidal death. Strangulation causes asphyxia by compressing the neck and blocking blood flow and air passage to the brain. Hanging causes cerebral hypoxia by compressing the neck and jugular veins. Suffocation involves blocking external airways. Road/railway injuries typically cause severe trauma, hemorrhage or organ damage. Electrocution usually causes cardiac arrhythmias and ventricular fibrillation leading to cardiac arrest. Autopsies look for neck furrows, petechiae, internal injuries or electrical marks depending on the method.
Cardiac poisons forensic aspects part 2 mb singh 2020
This document summarizes information about several poisonous plants:
- Cerbera thevetia, known as yellow oleander, contains cardiac glycosides and all parts are poisonous. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhea, fainting, irregular pulse and death from circulatory failure within 2-3 hours.
- Cleistanthus collinus ingestion causes hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, hypotension and hypoxia, potentially leading to rhabdomyolysis and kidney failure.
- Gelsemium, known as heartbreak grass, contains toxic compounds like gelsemine related to strychnine that can cause dizziness, convulsions and death when ingested.
- Multiple choice
Arsenic poisoning( acute, subacute and chronic)
most historic importance as well as industry based poison . alternate medicine treatment may lead to overdose toxicity
Vegetable irritants poisons
This document provides information on several toxic plant seeds including castor, abrus precatorius, marking nut, croton, and their toxic effects. It describes the physical characteristics, toxic principles, clinical features of ingestion or contact, fatal doses, treatment, and post-mortem findings for each plant. It also discusses their judicious and criminal uses, as well as common cattle and arrow poisons, which highlights their medicolegal significance.
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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Strychinine poisoning (Nux vomica) / spinal poison
This document summarizes strychnine toxicity, including its mode of action, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and medicolegal importance. Strychnine is a potent alkaloid obtained from nux vomica seeds that acts as a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors in the spinal cord and brainstem, causing muscle spasms and convulsions. Symptoms of strychnine poisoning include restlessness, muscle stiffness, sustained convulsions involving simultaneous contraction of flexors and extensors, and a grimacing facial expression known as risus sardonicus. Death usually occurs within 1-2 hours and is often caused by asphyxia or other complications of the convulsions. A diagnosis
Neurotic poisons
This document discusses neurotic poisons, which are poisons that primarily act on the nervous system. It divides neurotic poisons into three main types: cerebral poisons that act on the cerebrum and can be somniferous, inebriant, or deliriant; spinal poisons that act on the spinal cord such as strychnine; and peripheral poisons that act on peripheral nerves like curare and conium. The document provides examples of different types of neurotic poisons and their characteristic effects on the nervous system.
Cannabis poisoning (Neurotic poison)
This document discusses cannabis poisoning and provides key information about cannabis. It describes how cannabis is prepared in forms like bhang, ganja, and charas. Signs of acute cannabis poisoning include euphoria, confusion, and psychosis. Chronic use can cause apathy, dependence, and conditions like "hashish insanity." The minimum lethal doses are 2 grams per kg for charas and 8 grams per kg for ganja. Diagnosis involves clinical symptoms and urine tests. Treatment focuses on decontamination, controlling psychosis, and gradual withdrawal. Postmortem findings may show asphyxia but no distinctive signs. Medicolegal aspects note its use in robbery and potential for addiction.
Diffue Parenchymal Lung Disease (DPLD) , Lymphangioleomyomatosis , Lung Tumors
This document summarizes a presentation on diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), and lung tumors by Dr. Muhammad Zeeshan Marwat. It covers the definition, classification, stages, clinical presentation, investigations, treatment, and prognosis of DPLD. It also discusses the definition, clinical presentation, and treatment of LAM. Finally, it examines the types, subtypes, causes/risk factors, clinical presentation, investigation, staging, treatment, and prognosis of lung tumors.
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Strychinine poisoning (Nux vomica) / Rodenticide/ tetanus/ spinal poison
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Digitalis toxicity / digitalis purpurea / digitoxin/ digoxin / foxglove/ lady...
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Datura /dharura/ hyoscine / scopolamine / anticholinergic / atropine / atrop...
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Arsenic / Sankiya / Rodenticide (irritant) poisoning / toxicity
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Strychinine poisoning (Nux vomica) / spinal poison
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Diffue Parenchymal Lung Disease (DPLD) , Lymphangioleomyomatosis , Lung Tumors
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Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
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