This document discusses a group project on capital markets being conducted by 6 students for their Business Finance course. It provides an overview of key concepts related to finance and investments, including different types of investments, capital vs money markets, bond and stock markets, and how companies raise capital by listing on stock exchanges. It also discusses factors that influence stock prices and important considerations for investors like cash flow, beta, and market capitalization.
The talk was delivered at MAJU on 3rd July 2013 at 0730 PMby Mr Fahim Akhtar. It covers stock market mechanism and is beneficial for stock market employees,stock analyst, bankers, fund managers and students of MBA as well as economics
brief presentation about capital market. Stock market and Bond market, risk in capital market, and its importance are the main topic of this presentation.
The talk was delivered at MAJU on 3rd July 2013 at 0730 PMby Mr Fahim Akhtar. It covers stock market mechanism and is beneficial for stock market employees,stock analyst, bankers, fund managers and students of MBA as well as economics
brief presentation about capital market. Stock market and Bond market, risk in capital market, and its importance are the main topic of this presentation.
Introduction, Structure, Roles, Significance, Difference between Primary and Secondary Markets and Instruments are some of the major topics I am going to cover in this presentation.
All related information about capital market instruments such as debt instruments, equity instruments, insurance instruments, hybrid instruments, swaps etc.
Presents what is investment, why invest, and where to invest?. Also, describes various investment schemes like mutual fund, stock, etc. along with their pros and cons.
Capital Market: Components & Functions of Capital Markets, Primary & Secondary Market Operations, Capital
Market Instruments - Preference Shares, Equity Shares, Non-voting Shares, Convertible Cumulative Debentures (CCD),
Fixed Deposits, Debentures and Bonds, Global Depository receipts, American Depository receipts, Global Debt
Instruments, Role of SEBI in Capital Market.
History of Indian Capital Markets, structure, SEBI, market concepts - bear and bull markets, stop loss, top-down approach, types of shares - preferential, common equity, hybrid, small mid and large cap, how to read stock quote, PE Ratio and its applications, order FAQ, risks, stock market indices, demat & trading accounts
This book provides basic information about the stock market to the beginners. Your all doubts have been cleared after reading this book related to the stock market investment.
Introduction, Structure, Roles, Significance, Difference between Primary and Secondary Markets and Instruments are some of the major topics I am going to cover in this presentation.
All related information about capital market instruments such as debt instruments, equity instruments, insurance instruments, hybrid instruments, swaps etc.
Presents what is investment, why invest, and where to invest?. Also, describes various investment schemes like mutual fund, stock, etc. along with their pros and cons.
Capital Market: Components & Functions of Capital Markets, Primary & Secondary Market Operations, Capital
Market Instruments - Preference Shares, Equity Shares, Non-voting Shares, Convertible Cumulative Debentures (CCD),
Fixed Deposits, Debentures and Bonds, Global Depository receipts, American Depository receipts, Global Debt
Instruments, Role of SEBI in Capital Market.
History of Indian Capital Markets, structure, SEBI, market concepts - bear and bull markets, stop loss, top-down approach, types of shares - preferential, common equity, hybrid, small mid and large cap, how to read stock quote, PE Ratio and its applications, order FAQ, risks, stock market indices, demat & trading accounts
This book provides basic information about the stock market to the beginners. Your all doubts have been cleared after reading this book related to the stock market investment.
This report provides an analysis Merit and the demerits of investing in the Colombo Stock Market (CSE), including the process to follow for share trading and monitoring. And evaluation of the current and prospective Profitability, liquidity and financial stability of business sectors.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. Group member:
Abdul Moeed Butt (006)
Moaaz Zulfiqar (007)
Muhammad Ali Mughal (014)
Ayesha Sadiqa (010)
Ali Hassan (001)
Majid Alvi (022)
Course:
BUSINESS FINANCE
4. What is finance?
The cash flow between capital market and firms operation
finance is the management of money matters.
An example of finance is:
the department that handles the
budgets for a company.
7. What is investment?
Money we earn is partly spent and rest saved meeting future
expense. Instead of keeping the savings idle we like to use saving in
order to get return on it in future. This is called investment
8. Why invest?
Earn return on idle resources
Generate sum of money for specified goal of life
Make provision for uncertain future
To meet the cost of inflation
9. There are two types of investments.
Short run investment
In short run investment
investor invest the cash
in company and
company is only giving
dividend company
perspective is only giving
dividend to investor
Long run investment
In long investment
company is not giving
dividend to its investors
but reinvesting the
investors profits in
company and trying to
increase the firm value
in long run.
Informative
When the value of share
increase it means that
company is running in the
right direction.
10. Capital market
Companies and governments can raise long-term funds. It is a market
in which money is lent for periods longer than a year. A nation's
capital market includes such financial institutions as banks, insurance
companies, and stock exchanges that channel long-term investment
funds to commercial and industrial borrowers.
Moneymarket
The trade in short-term loans between banks and other
financial institutions.
Capital market vs money market
12. Bond Market
The bond market (also known as the debt, credit, or fixed income market) is a financial
market where participants buy and sell debt securities, usually in the form of bonds.
The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is the largest centralized bond market, representing
mostly corporate bonds.
13. Types of Bond Markets
Types
of bond
Corporate
Government
and agency
municipal
Funding
14. Stock Market
A stock market is a public market for the trading of company stock and derivatives at
an agreed price; these are securities listed on a stock exchange as well as those only
traded privately.
Function and Purpose
The stock market is one of the most important sources for companies to raise money.
This allows businesses to be publicly traded, or raise additional capital for expansion
by selling shares of ownership of the company in a public market. The liquidity that an
exchange provides affords investors the ability to quickly and easily sell securities. This
is an attractive feature of investing in stocks.
15. Stock Exchange In Pakistan
There are three Stock Exchanges
1. Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE)
2. Lahore Stock Exchange (LSE)
3. Islamabad Stock Exchange (ISE)
16. Capital market is divided into two types:
CAPITAL MARKET
PRIMARY MARKET SECONDARY MARKET
FEATURES
1. This is the market for new long term capital. The
primary market is the market where the
securities are sold for the first time. Therefore it
is also called New Issue Market (NIM).
2. The securities are issued by the
company directly to investors.
3. The company receives the money and issue new
security certificates to the investors.
FEATURES
1. Help in determining fair prices based on
demand and supply forces and all available
information
2. Provides easy marketability and liquidity for
investors
18. Capital market
risk and return
Systematic
risk
Unsystematic
risk
Default risk
Foreign
exchange risk
Interest rate
risk
Political risk
19. Why stock price moves up &
down
Financial result
and bright or
depressive
expectations
Some
incentives
/ tax effect
the stock
Company
doing good
or bad
business
New innovative
product
launched/business
explored
20. CDC Sub account
Investor sub account, if investor wants to buy shares
from stock exchange he use the CDC sub account.
Some important things in stock market reporting
1) Beta: measure systematic risk
2) Market cap: set the upper limit of share
3) Bid: ask the order
4) Ask: (seller) ask to sell the shares
21. What is the more important for investor to see in company cash flow or
net income?
As an investor in any company we’ll see the cash flow more instead of net
income.
Basic formulas
Net income:
Cash flow:
Why cash flow:
As a perspective of investor cash flow is more important for him/her,
because cash flow is the total cash circulates in company.
But the net income is more important for owner to check his/her income.
22. How any company can raise the capital?
Company can raise capital through listing your company.
Company
listed
IPO
Shares
issued
Investor
purchase
the shares
Company
gets cash
Capital
raise
23. Conclusion
Investor look at superior returns and
measured risk therefor he has to select
dynamically balanced asset allocation
mix consisting of the different
investment option available in the
financial market.
