This presentative slides are intended to provide the viewers with some basic features and Pharmacological uses of family Rubiaceae. This Family includes some of the major plants with some vital chemical components within their bark, leaves, stem, fruit or flower which are very helpful to restore our physiological health conditions if any abnormalities are seen.

1. Welcome
To
our
Presentatio
n……

2. Presentation by:-
Arun Kumar Shah
B. Pharmacy
SMTC-Bharatpur

3. CONTENT
• SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
• INTRODUCTION
• HABIT
• MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTER
• FLORAL CHARACTER
• FLORAL FORMULA
• DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTER
• IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANTS
• MICROSCOPICAL CHARACTER

4. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
• Kingdom : Plantae
• Division : Angiosperm
• Class : Dicotyledon
• Sub-class : Gamopetalae
• Order : Gentianales
• Family : Rubiaceae

5. INTRODUCTION
• Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee,
marder or bedstraw family .It consists of about 400 genera and 5300
species. Plants are cosmopolitan but mostly grown in tropical and sub-
tropical region.

6. Hamelia
Coffee arabica
Ixora
Cinchona officinalis

7. A wide variety of growth forms are present. Majority are trees
(Cinchona) or shrubs(Mussaenda) . Some climbers are herbaceous
(Uncaria)
HABIT
Cinchona Mussaenda Uncaria

8. MORPHOLOGICAL CHARECTERISTIC
ROOT
• Much branched tap root

9. STEM
• Erect
• Herbaceous or woody or twining (Magnettia), Climbing by hooks (Uncaria)
• Branched
• Cylindrical or angular
Twinning stem of (Magnettia) Hooks of Uncaria

10. LEAVES
• Simple, Usually entire
• Opposite decussate or whorl
• Interpetiolate stipulate present sometime foliaceous (Galium)
• Rarely toothed
• Accuminate apex
• Ovate shaped of length 24-50cm and breadth 17-40cm

11. INFLORESCEN
CE
• Typically cymose
• Frequently dichasial and branched
• Sometimes in globose heads
FLORAL CHARACTERISTIC
cymose
Dichasial cymose
Globuse head

12. FLOWER
• The flower are regular
• Bisexual
• Usually actinomorphic either tetramerous or
pentamerous
• Epigynous , rarely hypogynous (Gaertnera)
• Bracteate

13. CALYX
• There are usually four sepals ,sometimes
five .
• Gamosepalous, polysepalous
• Valvate
COROLLA
• 5 or 4 petals
• Gamopetalous
• Campanulate
• Valvate or twisted aestivation
Bouverdia ternifolia
a,Valvate
b,Twisted

14. ANDROECIUM
• 5 or 4 stamens
• Epipetalous
• Inserted in the corolla
• Alternate with petals
GYNOECIUM
• Usually 2 carpels
• Syncarpous
• Inferior ovary
Inserted stamens Alternate arrangement

15. • The seed has fleshy or horny endosperm
SEED
FRUIT
• Drupe, Capsule and Berry
Drupe Capsule Berry

16. FLORAL DIAGRAM

17. FLORAL
FORMULA

18. DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTER
• Opposite or whorled leaves with interpetiolar stipule.
• Epigynous flower.
• Calyx and corolla united.
• Stamens as many as corolla lobes and alternating with them.
• Inferior ovary with axile placentation

19. • Cinchona : Quinine as anti-malarial drugs.
• Coffea Arabica: Caffine as CNS stimulant
IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANTS

20. • Rubia cordifolia: Dyes
• Adina cordifolia: Antiseptic

21. • Gardenia latifolia: Essential oil
• Ixora coccinea
• Oldenlandia umbellate (Chaaya
root)

22. • Plant possesses Antioxidative, Antibacterial,
Gastroprotective, Hepatoprotective, Antidiarrhoeal,
Antimutagenic, Antineoplastic, Chemopreventive
effects.
• Roots are used for Stomach troubles and dysentry,
treatment for blood shot eyes, sores and ulcers.
IXORA COCCINEA

23. A DETAIL STUDY OF
CINCHONA
Biological Source:
• Cinchona officinalis
• Cinchona glandulifera
• Cinchona calisaya
• Cinchona pubescens
Family:
Rubiaceae

24. • Synonyms: Jesuit' s bark, Jesuit' s powder
• Description: Large shrubs or small trees with
evergreen foliage. 5-15m (16-49 feet) in height.
• Leaves- Opposite, rounded to lanceolate.
• Flowers- White, pink or red.
• Fruits- Small capsule containing numerous seed
CINCHONA
OFFICINALIS

25. Constiteunt
❑ Cinchona alkalloids contains:
➢Cinchonine
➢Quinine
➢Quinidine
❖ The alkaloids contains at least 15% of quinine with not more than 20%.

26. Medicinal Uses
❖ Quinine: Antimalarial, skeletal muscle relaxant. night muscles spasm and
abortifacient. Quinine as bitter flavoring agent in tonic water and carbonated
drinks.
❖ Quinidine:Aids in the treatment of arrhythmia and cardiac depressant, atrial
fibrillation.
❖ Cinchonine: Has mild antimalarial activity.
❖ Cinchona Extract and Tincture: Bitter stomachic and anti-pyretic.

27. MICROSCOPICAL
CHARACTER
1. Leaf Anatomy: Rubiaceae leaves typically exhibit dorsiventral mesophyll
arrangement. The upper epidermis has a cuticle layer for protection, while the lower
epidermis contains stomata for gas exchange
2. Stomata: The stomata are typically anomocytic, surrounded by a few subsidiary
aiding in regulating transpiration and gas exchange.
3. Trichomes: Some species may have multicellular trichomes, which are
hair-like structures on the leaf surface, varying in size, shape, and density.
4. Vascular Tissues: The presence of collateral vascular bundles in the stem,
surrounded by sclerenchyma fibers, is a common feature in Rubiaceae.
5. Calcium Oxalate Crystals: Crystal-bearing cells, often containing
calcium oxalate crystals, are found in various parts, including leaves, stems

28. The
End…….