Drug use and regulation have occurred since colonial times, with early focus on alcohol and opium. Over time, laws targeted specific drugs like cocaine and marijuana, and established agencies like the FDA and DEA. Debate continues over whether drug laws deter use and whether alternative approaches could better balance public health and civil liberties. Enforcement efforts face challenges in stemming the flow of illegal drugs.
This document summarizes key points from Chapter 4 of Goldberg's book on drugs and the law. It traces the historical regulation of substances like alcohol, opium, and proprietary drugs in the US. Major drug laws and their impacts are discussed, including the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, the Harrison Act of 1914, the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, and the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. Issues around drug policy approaches like legalization/decriminalization and harm reduction are also summarized.
This document discusses the history of drug regulation in the United States from the 18th century to present day. Early attempts focused on alcohol and opium, establishing taxes and restrictions. The 20th century saw the passage of laws regulating proprietary drugs, narcotics, and the creation of the FDA. Modern drug laws classify substances by schedule and aim to balance public health and criminal enforcement, though debates continue around decriminalization and legalization.
Susan Shepherd - Panel - Alternatives to the War on DrugsCSSDPUofT
Presentation made by Susan Shepherd for a Panel discussion on Alternatives to the War on Drugs in Canada, hosted by the Canadian Students for Sensible Drug Policy (CSSDP) - @CSSDPRyerson and @UofTCSSDP chapters in Toronto, October 2019.
Susan Shepherd is the Director of the Toronto Drug Strategy Secretariat, the policy unit in Toronto Public Health that supports the implementation of the Toronto Drug Strategy and the Toronto Overdose Action Plan.
Audio: soundcloud.com/cssdptoronto/awod-cssdp-01
This document provides an overview of a conference on chronic pain and addiction that will take place from April 10-12, 2012 at Walt Disney World Swan Resort. The conference will focus on prescription drug abuse in the US, the effects of prescription pain medication abuse over time, and advocating for continued education on addiction for pain management providers. Key statistics on prescription drug abuse in the US are presented, including that opioid analgesics are now the leading cause of accidental drug overdose deaths. Abuse of prescription drugs is rising among both adolescents and older adults.
The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is an executive agency overseen by the Justice Department that was established in 1979 to stop the production, distribution, and use of illegal drugs domestically and internationally. The DEA operates in over 77 offices across 55 countries to gather drug intelligence and uses strategies like pressuring other countries to join the fight against drugs and implementing harsher penalties for dealers and users. While the DEA has had some successes like arresting Noriega and dismantling the Medellin cartel, it still faces challenges like high drug demand, limited resources, and sophisticated international drug networks.
Government policies for Marijuana (Pot) - Canada - Analysis and Commentary - ...paul young cpa, cga
This presentation will look at medical marijuana as well as the government of Canada goal to legalised marijuana (Pot) in Canada. The discussion will look at areas like revenue, healthcare, enforcement, regulations, etc.
Behind Bars II: Substance Use and America’s Prison PopulationCenter on Addiction
The document is a report by CASAColumbia that analyzes substance use among America's prison population. Some key findings are that in 2006, 85% of inmates were substance-involved, 65% met criteria for substance use disorders, and only 11% received treatment. Failure to treat addiction increases crime and government costs. The growth in the substance-involved inmate population from 1996 to 2006 increased faster than the general US and total inmate populations.
This document summarizes key points from Chapter 4 of Goldberg's book on drugs and the law. It traces the historical regulation of substances like alcohol, opium, and proprietary drugs in the US. Major drug laws and their impacts are discussed, including the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, the Harrison Act of 1914, the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, and the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. Issues around drug policy approaches like legalization/decriminalization and harm reduction are also summarized.
This document discusses the history of drug regulation in the United States from the 18th century to present day. Early attempts focused on alcohol and opium, establishing taxes and restrictions. The 20th century saw the passage of laws regulating proprietary drugs, narcotics, and the creation of the FDA. Modern drug laws classify substances by schedule and aim to balance public health and criminal enforcement, though debates continue around decriminalization and legalization.
Susan Shepherd - Panel - Alternatives to the War on DrugsCSSDPUofT
Presentation made by Susan Shepherd for a Panel discussion on Alternatives to the War on Drugs in Canada, hosted by the Canadian Students for Sensible Drug Policy (CSSDP) - @CSSDPRyerson and @UofTCSSDP chapters in Toronto, October 2019.
Susan Shepherd is the Director of the Toronto Drug Strategy Secretariat, the policy unit in Toronto Public Health that supports the implementation of the Toronto Drug Strategy and the Toronto Overdose Action Plan.
Audio: soundcloud.com/cssdptoronto/awod-cssdp-01
This document provides an overview of a conference on chronic pain and addiction that will take place from April 10-12, 2012 at Walt Disney World Swan Resort. The conference will focus on prescription drug abuse in the US, the effects of prescription pain medication abuse over time, and advocating for continued education on addiction for pain management providers. Key statistics on prescription drug abuse in the US are presented, including that opioid analgesics are now the leading cause of accidental drug overdose deaths. Abuse of prescription drugs is rising among both adolescents and older adults.
The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is an executive agency overseen by the Justice Department that was established in 1979 to stop the production, distribution, and use of illegal drugs domestically and internationally. The DEA operates in over 77 offices across 55 countries to gather drug intelligence and uses strategies like pressuring other countries to join the fight against drugs and implementing harsher penalties for dealers and users. While the DEA has had some successes like arresting Noriega and dismantling the Medellin cartel, it still faces challenges like high drug demand, limited resources, and sophisticated international drug networks.
Government policies for Marijuana (Pot) - Canada - Analysis and Commentary - ...paul young cpa, cga
This presentation will look at medical marijuana as well as the government of Canada goal to legalised marijuana (Pot) in Canada. The discussion will look at areas like revenue, healthcare, enforcement, regulations, etc.
Behind Bars II: Substance Use and America’s Prison PopulationCenter on Addiction
The document is a report by CASAColumbia that analyzes substance use among America's prison population. Some key findings are that in 2006, 85% of inmates were substance-involved, 65% met criteria for substance use disorders, and only 11% received treatment. Failure to treat addiction increases crime and government costs. The growth in the substance-involved inmate population from 1996 to 2006 increased faster than the general US and total inmate populations.
The document summarizes key concepts about social skills development in children. It discusses socialization, early social behaviors like attachment and imitation. It outlines Erikson's first three stages of psychosocial development: trust versus mistrust, autonomy versus shame and doubt, and initiative versus guilt. The document also discusses guidance, discipline, teaching prosocial behavior, and the importance of self-esteem for children's development.
This document provides an agenda and summaries for a class on drugs and society. It discusses the following topics:
- Stigma related to mental illness and its impacts
- Sedative-hypnotic drugs like barbiturates and benzodiazepines, their medical uses, dangers, and classifications
- Psychotherapeutic drugs used to treat mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and psychosis. It outlines several classes of antidepressants and mood stabilizers and their mechanisms and side effects.
- Specific mental disorders are defined including their diagnostic criteria and treatments. Videos are provided as examples.
Get Leads- Search Engine Optimization SEO, Google Adwords MarketingMaverick Mav
Get higher website ranking in Google through some simple, DIY SEO techniques.
Understand how effective SEO and Google Adwords Advertising can help improve your website traffic.
Understand how Google Adwords system works and how you can improve conversions and visitors to your website.
Nicotine is the addictive ingredient in tobacco. 90% of smokers become dependent on nicotine. The American Psychiatric Association recognized nicotine dependency as a disorder in 1988. The majority of adults who become dependent on nicotine started smoking before age 18. Less than half as many adults smoke today compared to 40 years ago due to declining cigarette sales and public health campaigns against tobacco use.
The document summarizes a workshop on applying the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) to combat human trafficking. It discusses how the UNGPs establish universal standards for companies to prevent human rights violations and ensure victims have access to remedies. It notes how various jurisdictions are implementing measures aligned with the UNGPs, and outlines how companies can operationalize the UNGPs by addressing risks, procedures, supply chains, training, and reporting.
This document discusses the legal challenges of sustainable trading under international and domestic laws. It provides an overview of key frameworks like the WTO and multilateral environmental agreements, and notes conflicts between facilitating trade and protecting the environment. Some challenges identified are fragmentation between legal systems, lack of resources for developing countries, overlapping/conflicting environmental laws, and insufficient mechanisms for disputes and public participation. It concludes that the legal community must help make approaches and legislation more realistic and enforceable to balance trade and sustainable development goals.
The document provides an overview of several influential theories and theorists in early childhood education. It discusses constructivist, behaviorist, and humanistic theories of development. It also summarizes the work of theorists such as Piaget, Vygotsky, Erikson, Maslow, Skinner, Gardner, and many historical figures who influenced the field of early childhood education.
This document contains information about narcotics and opioids from a class on drugs and society. It discusses the compounds found in opium, the effects of drugs like heroin, morphine, and oxycodone. It covers America's history with opioids, including the increased restrictions of the 1914 Harrison Act and opioid use among Vietnam veterans. The document also examines topics like physical and social effects of opioid use, dependency and withdrawal timelines, treatment options, and harm reduction strategies.
The document summarizes sedative-hypnotic drugs, including their history and classifications. It discusses how they work in the central nervous system, are used to treat anxiety and insomnia, and includes alcohol and benzodiazepines as commonly used depressants. It outlines older sedative-hypnotic drugs like chloral hydrate and classifications of barbiturates by duration. Newer nonbenzodiazepine drugs targeting GABA receptors are mentioned. Dependence, withdrawal and toxicity are noted as risks.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise stimulates the production of endorphins in the brain which elevate mood and reduce stress levels.
The document provides guidance for teachers and school library media specialists on using Twitter. It outlines 20 specific ways Twitter can be used, such as asking other educators for book or lesson recommendations, sharing resources and events, and promoting the school library. The document then explains how to set up a Twitter account, create a profile, post tweets, reply to other tweets, and share links, photos and videos through other applications.
The document summarizes key points from chapters 11-14 of a textbook about children at risk.
Chapter 11 discusses Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including common symptoms and treatment options like medication and behavioral therapy. Teachers are advised to help identify ADHD, advocate for these students, and create supportive classroom environments.
Chapter 12 covers the effects of poverty, such as poor health and limited access to services. Teachers are encouraged to provide experiences, learning materials, after-school programs, and treat students and families with respect.
Chapter 13 summarizes homelessness issues like poor health and anxiety. Teachers should confront stereotypes, discuss various living situations sensitively, and help all students understand homelessness.
This document appears to be slides from a class on drugs and society that covers topics related to narcotics like opioids. It includes topics like the medical uses of opioids, their physical and social effects, dangers of dependency and withdrawal, and harm reduction strategies. It contains questions and polls for students on these topics, along with summaries of key points about opioids, their origins, and policy issues.
Drugs & Society SOC 204
Drugs Across the Spectrum
By Raymond Goldberg
Chapter 2 Drugs in Contemporary Society
Chapter 3 Motivations for Drug Use
Chapter 4 Drugs & the Law
This document discusses alcohol, including its pharmacology, effects on the brain and body, alcoholism, and impacts of alcohol use. Key points include:
- Alcohol is metabolized in the liver and its effects include impaired judgment, reasoning, and motor skills as it acts on the cerebrum and limbic system.
- Alcoholism is considered by some to be a disease, and is influenced by genetics, environment, and psychosocial factors. Withdrawal can cause severe symptoms.
- Heavy alcohol use is associated with increased risks of accidents, violence, and health issues like liver disease and cancer, while moderate use may provide some heart benefits.
This document outlines the key points of a chapter on the education of students with disabilities. It discusses the historical lack of educational services for these students, important court cases establishing their right to education, and key laws like IDEA and NCLB. IDEA established the right to a free and appropriate public education for all students with disabilities, along with other important provisions. The document also covers trends like increased accountability, evidence-based practices, and challenges of implementing inclusive education.
The document discusses the history of drug regulation laws in the United States from the early 1900s to present day. It covers major acts and amendments that aimed to regulate drugs and drug development, including the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, Harrison Act of 1914, 1970 Controlled Substances Act, and Kefauver-Harris Amendments. The "War on Drugs" of the 1980s is also summarized, which took a criminal justice approach to drug abuse. Prevention strategies discussed include supply reduction, demand reduction, and harm reduction approaches.
This document summarizes the history of drug regulation laws in the United States from the early 1900s to present day. It covers major acts like the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, the 1970 Controlled Substances Act, and amendments that strengthened safety requirements for clinical drug trials and approval processes. Key topics discussed include scheduling of controlled substances, exceptions for fast-tracking new drugs, switching drugs from prescription to over-the-counter status, advertising regulations, and strategies for preventing drug abuse through education, treatment programs, and drug testing.
The document summarizes key concepts about social skills development in children. It discusses socialization, early social behaviors like attachment and imitation. It outlines Erikson's first three stages of psychosocial development: trust versus mistrust, autonomy versus shame and doubt, and initiative versus guilt. The document also discusses guidance, discipline, teaching prosocial behavior, and the importance of self-esteem for children's development.
This document provides an agenda and summaries for a class on drugs and society. It discusses the following topics:
- Stigma related to mental illness and its impacts
- Sedative-hypnotic drugs like barbiturates and benzodiazepines, their medical uses, dangers, and classifications
- Psychotherapeutic drugs used to treat mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and psychosis. It outlines several classes of antidepressants and mood stabilizers and their mechanisms and side effects.
- Specific mental disorders are defined including their diagnostic criteria and treatments. Videos are provided as examples.
Get Leads- Search Engine Optimization SEO, Google Adwords MarketingMaverick Mav
Get higher website ranking in Google through some simple, DIY SEO techniques.
Understand how effective SEO and Google Adwords Advertising can help improve your website traffic.
Understand how Google Adwords system works and how you can improve conversions and visitors to your website.
Nicotine is the addictive ingredient in tobacco. 90% of smokers become dependent on nicotine. The American Psychiatric Association recognized nicotine dependency as a disorder in 1988. The majority of adults who become dependent on nicotine started smoking before age 18. Less than half as many adults smoke today compared to 40 years ago due to declining cigarette sales and public health campaigns against tobacco use.
The document summarizes a workshop on applying the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) to combat human trafficking. It discusses how the UNGPs establish universal standards for companies to prevent human rights violations and ensure victims have access to remedies. It notes how various jurisdictions are implementing measures aligned with the UNGPs, and outlines how companies can operationalize the UNGPs by addressing risks, procedures, supply chains, training, and reporting.
This document discusses the legal challenges of sustainable trading under international and domestic laws. It provides an overview of key frameworks like the WTO and multilateral environmental agreements, and notes conflicts between facilitating trade and protecting the environment. Some challenges identified are fragmentation between legal systems, lack of resources for developing countries, overlapping/conflicting environmental laws, and insufficient mechanisms for disputes and public participation. It concludes that the legal community must help make approaches and legislation more realistic and enforceable to balance trade and sustainable development goals.
The document provides an overview of several influential theories and theorists in early childhood education. It discusses constructivist, behaviorist, and humanistic theories of development. It also summarizes the work of theorists such as Piaget, Vygotsky, Erikson, Maslow, Skinner, Gardner, and many historical figures who influenced the field of early childhood education.
This document contains information about narcotics and opioids from a class on drugs and society. It discusses the compounds found in opium, the effects of drugs like heroin, morphine, and oxycodone. It covers America's history with opioids, including the increased restrictions of the 1914 Harrison Act and opioid use among Vietnam veterans. The document also examines topics like physical and social effects of opioid use, dependency and withdrawal timelines, treatment options, and harm reduction strategies.
The document summarizes sedative-hypnotic drugs, including their history and classifications. It discusses how they work in the central nervous system, are used to treat anxiety and insomnia, and includes alcohol and benzodiazepines as commonly used depressants. It outlines older sedative-hypnotic drugs like chloral hydrate and classifications of barbiturates by duration. Newer nonbenzodiazepine drugs targeting GABA receptors are mentioned. Dependence, withdrawal and toxicity are noted as risks.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise stimulates the production of endorphins in the brain which elevate mood and reduce stress levels.
The document provides guidance for teachers and school library media specialists on using Twitter. It outlines 20 specific ways Twitter can be used, such as asking other educators for book or lesson recommendations, sharing resources and events, and promoting the school library. The document then explains how to set up a Twitter account, create a profile, post tweets, reply to other tweets, and share links, photos and videos through other applications.
The document summarizes key points from chapters 11-14 of a textbook about children at risk.
Chapter 11 discusses Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including common symptoms and treatment options like medication and behavioral therapy. Teachers are advised to help identify ADHD, advocate for these students, and create supportive classroom environments.
Chapter 12 covers the effects of poverty, such as poor health and limited access to services. Teachers are encouraged to provide experiences, learning materials, after-school programs, and treat students and families with respect.
Chapter 13 summarizes homelessness issues like poor health and anxiety. Teachers should confront stereotypes, discuss various living situations sensitively, and help all students understand homelessness.
This document appears to be slides from a class on drugs and society that covers topics related to narcotics like opioids. It includes topics like the medical uses of opioids, their physical and social effects, dangers of dependency and withdrawal, and harm reduction strategies. It contains questions and polls for students on these topics, along with summaries of key points about opioids, their origins, and policy issues.
Drugs & Society SOC 204
Drugs Across the Spectrum
By Raymond Goldberg
Chapter 2 Drugs in Contemporary Society
Chapter 3 Motivations for Drug Use
Chapter 4 Drugs & the Law
This document discusses alcohol, including its pharmacology, effects on the brain and body, alcoholism, and impacts of alcohol use. Key points include:
- Alcohol is metabolized in the liver and its effects include impaired judgment, reasoning, and motor skills as it acts on the cerebrum and limbic system.
- Alcoholism is considered by some to be a disease, and is influenced by genetics, environment, and psychosocial factors. Withdrawal can cause severe symptoms.
- Heavy alcohol use is associated with increased risks of accidents, violence, and health issues like liver disease and cancer, while moderate use may provide some heart benefits.
This document outlines the key points of a chapter on the education of students with disabilities. It discusses the historical lack of educational services for these students, important court cases establishing their right to education, and key laws like IDEA and NCLB. IDEA established the right to a free and appropriate public education for all students with disabilities, along with other important provisions. The document also covers trends like increased accountability, evidence-based practices, and challenges of implementing inclusive education.
The document discusses the history of drug regulation laws in the United States from the early 1900s to present day. It covers major acts and amendments that aimed to regulate drugs and drug development, including the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, Harrison Act of 1914, 1970 Controlled Substances Act, and Kefauver-Harris Amendments. The "War on Drugs" of the 1980s is also summarized, which took a criminal justice approach to drug abuse. Prevention strategies discussed include supply reduction, demand reduction, and harm reduction approaches.
This document summarizes the history of drug regulation laws in the United States from the early 1900s to present day. It covers major acts like the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, the 1970 Controlled Substances Act, and amendments that strengthened safety requirements for clinical drug trials and approval processes. Key topics discussed include scheduling of controlled substances, exceptions for fast-tracking new drugs, switching drugs from prescription to over-the-counter status, advertising regulations, and strategies for preventing drug abuse through education, treatment programs, and drug testing.
This document summarizes the history of drug regulation laws in the United States from the early 1900s to present day. It covers major milestones like the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, the 1970 Controlled Substances Act, and exceptions for drug approval like orphan drugs and fast-tracking. Key issues discussed are balancing public health with criminalization, determining appropriate drug schedules, and strategies for preventing drug abuse like education, treatment, and drug testing.
The document discusses various topics related to drug abuse and addiction. It begins by defining key terms like drug, addiction, and types of illegal drugs. It then discusses patterns of use for specific drugs like marijuana, opiates, and cocaine. It notes that most addicts begin using heroin through social contacts and learn techniques of use from other addicts. The process of addiction is described as typically starting with experimentation that can escalate to frequent use and dependence for some individuals. Prevention of drug abuse is identified as an important topic also covered in the document.
This document discusses the history of drug regulation laws in the United States. It begins by covering early federal laws like the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act that required labeling of drug contents but did little to regulate safety. The 1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and later amendments in 1951 and 1962 strengthened regulations by requiring pre-market approval of drugs as safe and effective. The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 established a drug scheduling system to regulate substances based on abuse and medical potential. The document also discusses issues around legalization debates, prevention strategies, drug testing policies, and criticisms of discriminatory enforcement practices.
The document discusses the history of drug regulation laws in the United States from the early 1900s to present day. It covers major milestones like the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938, and the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 which categorized drugs based on their medical use and abuse potential. The challenges around balancing public health, crime prevention, and civil liberties in developing drug laws are also examined.
This document summarizes the history of drug laws in the United States from the 1700s to present day. It discusses early regulation of alcohol and opium, the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, the Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914, prohibition, the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, and major drug laws passed in the 1960s-2000s that aimed to increase drug safety regulations, control narcotics, and enforce harsher penalties for drug offenses. It also explores debates around decriminalization, legalization, harm reduction strategies, and the impacts of the war on drugs.
Welfare and Drug Testing Policy in the USAFaisal Farrukh
American Congress adopted the Anti Drug Abuse Act in 1988. In 1995 the policy was further refined and the government started implementing its drug free policy. The drug free policy enforce denial of federal benefits to users, possessors and traffickers from one to five years and the third timers permanently. This included grants, contracts, licensing, loans, but excluded welfare and public housing. In 1996 the government enacted Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, created Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) to make people move from welfare to work, a mandatory state run drug test.
This document analyzes the policy of decriminalizing recreational marijuana in the United States. It outlines the goals of decriminalization, which include treating marijuana similarly to alcohol and tobacco to reduce the burden of anti-cannabis laws. It notes over 750,000 marijuana arrests in 2012, costing $7.5-10 billion annually. Advantages include generating $8.7 billion in annual tax revenue and freeing law enforcement resources. Disadvantages include potential health risks and easier youth access. Overall the document argues the benefits of legalization outweigh the costs.
Legalization of Marijuana Webinar- Impact for Drug Testing Employers Eliassen Group
This document discusses the impact of legalizing marijuana and drug testing in the workplace. It notes that 23 states have legalized medical marijuana, creating challenges for employers maintaining drug-free workplaces. Ohio ballot issue 3 proposes legalizing medical and recreational marijuana use for those over 21. The document outlines employers' responsibilities regarding drug policies, noting they are not required to accommodate marijuana use given its federal illegality. It provides best practices for employers, such as maintaining consistent drug policies prohibiting impairment from any illegal substances.
This document summarizes the history of drug laws in the United States from the colonial period to modern times. It discusses how the first substances regulated were alcohol and opium in the late 18th/early 19th centuries. Major milestones include the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, the 1914 Harrison Narcotics Tax Act, marijuana prohibition in 1937, and the 1970 Controlled Substances Act. The document also examines debates around approaches to drug policy enforcement versus treatment.
This document summarizes the history of drug laws in the United States from the 1700s to present day. It discusses how the first drugs regulated were alcohol and opium, and laws gradually expanded to include other substances like cocaine and marijuana. Major legislation over time aimed to tax drugs, require prescriptions, define schedules of controlled substances, and strengthen FDA oversight of new drugs. Debates continue around decriminalization, legalization, harm reduction strategies, and disproportionate impacts on minorities.
Legal marijuana is poised to become the next Big Tobacco, and has serious implications for employers' bottom line, employee health, and workplace safety
Cannabis/Marijuana Report Recommendations Would Delay Legalization To 2018 Or...paul young cpa, cga
This presentation looks at the issues facing cannabis/pot/marijuana legalisation in Canada. There are many issues driving legalisation including policing, UN rules, United States Policies, enforcement, side-effects, etc.
This document discusses prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) and issues related to prescription drug abuse in Missouri. It defines a PDMP as an electronic database that collects data on controlled substance prescriptions to help doctors identify potential "doctor shopping" or dangerous drug interactions. It notes that Missouri has a problem with doctor shopping and rising overdose rates. The bill discussed would expand Missouri's PDMP to monitor Schedule 2, 3, and 4 controlled substances. It also discusses how prescription drug abuse can lead to heroin use, populations affected, proper drug disposal, and funding sources for PDMPs.
This document summarizes a panel discussion on lessons learned from prescription drug supply-side interventions. The panel included experts from Brown University, a policy advocacy group, and a law firm. They discussed research evaluating the impact of Florida's crackdown on "pill mills" that distributed oxycodone. Preliminary findings suggest supply-side interventions reduced drug availability and increased prices, with no evidence of recovery in supply. There was also no increase in other drugs, and interventions may have reduced abuse and improved public health. The panel then outlined strategies to protect consumers from black market prescription drugs, such as educating prescribers, reducing available supply of drugs for abuse, and developing abuse-deterrent formulations.
Substance abuse is a major issue in Canada that costs billions annually. It is defined as the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs. Tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and ecstasy are some of the most commonly abused substances. Long term substance abuse can seriously damage physical and mental health. Treating substance abuse involves medical and therapeutic interventions like detoxification, counseling, and support groups. Government organizations and non-profits work to prevent substance abuse and support recovery efforts.
The drug approval process in the US has evolved over time in response to safety issues and public health crises. It began with the 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act which required safety and purity standards but no pre-approval of drugs. Subsequent laws in 1938, 1962, and beyond introduced pre-market testing requirements and phases to demonstrate safety and efficacy. The modern multi-step approval process evaluates drugs in laboratories, animals and increasing levels of human trials over 6-8 years before approval. Reforms have aimed to incentivize new treatments while protecting patients.
The document outlines three policy strategies to address drug issues: 1) increasing law enforcement and border security, 2) investing in community treatment programs, and 3) educating youth and controlling drug distribution. Each strategy lists pros and cons. Strategy 1 focuses on enforcement but risks targeting youth and dangerous dealer work. Strategy 2 helps addicts but may not address root causes. Strategy 3 could lower risks through education but legalization may backfire if not properly implemented and controlled. The document concludes by summarizing the three strategies.
The document discusses harm reduction strategies for drug policy. It summarizes the mission of Law Enforcement Against Prohibition (LEAP) to educate about the failure of the war on drugs and reduce harms. It also discusses overdose prevention, drug treatment courts, safe injection sites, and decriminalization efforts in places like Vancouver and the Netherlands that aim to improve public health and safety.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
1. Albia Dugger • Miami Dade College
Chapter 4
Drugs and the Law
2. Drugs and the Law
• Attempts have been made to regulate the use of mind-altering
substances since settlers first arrived in the New World
• The first substance regulated was alcohol
• The temperance movement in the late 1700s advocated that
people become more educated about the hazards of alcohol
3. Early Drug Regulations
• Alcohol
• 1791: Congress passed an excise tax on whiskey
• Opium
• 1833: US treaty regulated international opium trade
• 1842: Tax on crude opium shipped to the US
• 1875: San Francisco prohibiting smoking in opium dens
• 1890: Only US citizens could manufacture or import opium
• Proprietary drugs (over-the-counter drugs)
• Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
4. Questions about Drug Laws
• Do drug laws affect whether people use drugs?
• Should drug laws be aimed at drug users, sellers, or
traffickers?
• Should the role of government be to inform its citizens about
drugs or to prevent its citizens from using drugs?
• Should a person be prevented from engaging in self-
destructive behavior?
5. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
• Before 1906, patent medicines were largely unregulated
• US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was created to
assess drug hazards and prohibit sale of dangerous drugs
• Law required drug manufacturers to report adverse reactions
to their products
• Law required that the amount or proportion of drugs in the
medicine had to be listed on the label
7. Harrison Act of 1914
• The Harrison Act resulted from the need to limit opiate use
• Law governed the marketing and sale of narcotics, regulated
nonmedical narcotic use, and made possession of narcotics
without a prescription illegal
• Doctors and pharmacists had to keep records of the
prescriptions they wrote
• To obtain drugs, an increasing number of people resorted to
criminal activity
8. Marijuana Tax Act of 1937
• Forbade the recreational use of marijuana, but not medicinal
or industrial uses
• Anyone using marijuana was required to pay a tax – failure to
comply meant a large fine or prison term for tax evasion
• AMA and others opposed marijuana legislation
• The Federal Bureau of Narcotics, established in 1932, later
became the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
10. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
• Under 1906 guidelines, a drug manufacturer could not be
prosecuted for fatalities due to toxic drugs
• 1938 Act required pharmaceutical companies to file
applications with the federal government demonstrating that
all new drugs were safe and properly labeled
• Manufacturers had to submit a “new drug application” to the
FDA, giving the FDA more authority and responsibility
11. Limitations of the 1938 Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act
• Did not cover drugs that were previously marketed
• Drugs had to be proven safe, but not effective
• Government had little authority to enact penalties
• Manufacturers determined whether a drug would be sold as a
prescription or over-the-counter
• Manufacturers conducted their own tests to determine a
drug’s effectiveness
12. Kefauver-Harris Amendments
• Serious birth defects caused by thalidomide resulted in
implementation of stronger regulations regarding drug testing
• Kefauver-Harris Amendments, 1962, gave the FDA the
authority to withdraw drugs from the marketplace
• Drug advertisements directed to physicians were required to
include the drug’s side effects and its contraindicated uses
• Testing procedures required prior approval from the FDA
14. Kefauver-Harris Amendments
• 1972 Drug Efficacy Study: The FDA asked the National
Research Council to conduct a study of new drugs
• Active ingredients were placed in one of three categories:
• Category I drugs: Determined to be safe, effective, and
properly labeled
• Category II drugs: Not generally recognized as safe and
effective, or recognized as mislabeled; must be removed
from medications within six months
• Category III drugs: Data insufficient to determine general
recognition of safety and effectiveness
15. Comprehensive Drug Abuse
Prevention and Control Act of 1970
• Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
(Controlled Substances Act), effectively replaced all previous
laws dealing with narcotics and dangerous drugs
• Expanded community health centers and Public Health
Service hospitals for drug abusers
• Established a commission on marijuana and drug abuse
• Divided drugs into five categories called schedules
17. Anti–Drug Abuse Act of 1988
• Legislation that emphasizes stringent punishment of the drug
user, to reduce drug demand
• Punishment could be waived if the user completes a drug
rehabilitation program
• Greatly increased federal prison population and led to a new
Cabinet position, Director of National Drug Control Policy
• Under this law, drug users are punished more stringently than
rapists or robbers
18. College Students and Drug Convictions
• Students convicted of possession face a temporary ban on
financial aid – a third conviction loses financial aid indefinitely
• A drug-selling conviction means loss of eligibility for two years
if that is one’s first offense
• An estimated 200,000 students have lost access to aid since
this law went into effect
19. Legal Issues
• Should the sale of drug paraphernalia be illegal?
• Should people using small amounts of illegal drugs for
personal enjoyment receive harsh criminal penalties?
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of
decriminalizing or legalizing drugs?
• What impact has drug enforcement had on drug use?
• Should the vast amount of money spent on stopping drugs be
used differently?
20. Drug Paraphernalia
• Drug paraphernalia:
• Items that are aids to using drugs (cigarette-rolling papers,
water pipes, razors, clay pipes, roach clips, spoons,
mirrors, and other products)
• Prosecuting individuals for possessing drug paraphernalia is
viewed as a deterrent for drug use
21. The War on Drugs
• In 1988, Congress proclaimed that the US would be drug-free
by 1995
• The monetary expense and human resources employed to
combat illicit drug use are enormous – yet, the number of
Americans who have used illegal drugs has increased
• The government’s assault on illicit drugs has resulted in social
tension, ill health, violent crime, compromised civil liberties,
and international conflict
23. Arguments Against Legalization
• Some argue that decriminalization would increase drug use,
addiction, and drug-related deaths
• Drug-related crimes might fall, but the number of addicts
would rise
• Legalization would result in more dysfunctional addicts who
would be unable to support their lifestyles and drug use
through legitimate means
24. Arguments For Legalization
• Legal regulation of drugs would protect drug takers and save
money
• Billions of dollars spent on drug enforcement might be put to
use more effectively if the money were directed toward
education and treatment programs
29. Drug Enforcement
• Drug enforcement is designed to stem the flow of drugs
coming into the US and to punish the user
• To stop drugs at their source, the State Department works
with a number of foreign governments
• DEA agents help block drugs from leaving other countries,
eradicate crops, and find and dismantle illegal laboratories
32. Problems with Enforcement
• Farmers make more money from coca or opium crops than
from legal crops
• On a global scale, less than 10% of illegal crops are
consistently eradicated
• Interdiction is especially difficult because of numerous points
of entry
38. Prevention
• Harm reduction
• Interventions that respond to needs of drug users and the
community to reduce harm caused by illicit drug use
• Includes providing sterile syringes to reduce spread of HIV
infection, education, and increased treatment
• Treats drug abuse as a public health problem, not a
criminal problem
39. Prevention
• Normalization
• Term used by the Dutch for the practice of not prosecuting
users of soft drugs such as marijuana
• Using some drugs is not illegal, but drug traffic is illegal
• Treatment assists physical and social well-being of addicts
rather than try to stop their addiction
• Result: Netherlands has less drug use than the US and
other European countries
40. Racism and Drug Enforcement
• Questionable search warrants in inner-city communities
• People of color are stopped and searched more often than
others on the basis of “drug courier” profiles
• Despite comparable drug usage, Blacks are incarcerated at a
higher rate than Whites
• Penalties for crack cocaine, used more by poor, are greater
than those for powder cocaine, used more by middle class
42. Mandatory Minimum Drug Sentencing
• Starting in 1984, Congress enacted mandatory minimum
penalties specifically focusing on drugs and violent crimes
• It has been shown that mandatory minimum drug sentences
have not acted as deterrents to further crime
• Mandatory minimum drug sentences give no latitude to
judges to determine appropriate punishments
• Treatment is 15 times more effective for reducing serious
crime than mandatory minimum sentencing
Editor's Notes
Magazine articles, such as this one in Collier’s (June 3, 1905), were influential in the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.
The 1930s movie Reefer Madness distorted the effects caused by marijuana.
As a result of thalidomide’s effects on the fetus, the United States strengthened its laws regarding the regulation of medicinal drugs.
The DEA intercepted this shipment of four pounds of high-purity methamphetamine concealed inside a children’s toy, which was being transported from California to Colorado for distribution in the Greeley area.
Figure 4.1 Cocaine Transportation
A record 42,845 pounds of cocaine—worth an estimated $300 million in drug revenues—bound for Mexican drug traffickers was seized by the U.S. Coast Guard from the Panamanian flagged motor
vessel Gatun off the coast of Panama in 2007.
In June 2008, 262 tons of hashish were seized from narcotics laboratories and underground bunkers (shown on left) within Taliban-controlled areas of the Kandahar Province in Afghanistan, and the hashish bunkers were destroyed. This joint effort of the Afghan government and the DEA’s Foreign-Deployed Advisory and Support Teams represented the largest known drug seizure to date.
In June 2008, 262 tons of hashish were seized from narcotics laboratories and underground bunkers (shown on left) within Taliban-controlled areas of the Kandahar Province in Afghanistan, and the hashish bunkers were destroyed. This joint effort of the Afghan government and the DEA’s Foreign-Deployed Advisory and Support Teams represented the largest known drug seizure to date.
People of color tend to be stopped and searched more often than others in airports, bus depots, and train stations and on state highways, on the basis of “drug courier” profiles.