This document summarizes various camera shots and movements used in filmmaking: - Two shot shows two people together from a sideways angle and may change to an over the shoulder shot. It establishes relationships. - Over the shoulder shot shows a character or object over another character's shoulder to create suspense or show relationships. - Point of view shot puts the audience in the character's perspective to become more involved in the story. - Master shot establishes settings and characters with an extreme long shot for reference if other shots fail.

1. Camera Shots /
Movements
By A.S, J.H, L.W

2. Two shot
This shot is as simple as you would think the name applies. It is basically a cinema or a
television show which depicts two people together. It is most commonly seen being used
in interviews or conversation scenes in film and TV. It is very good when it is used for
establishing a relationship between two characters. Two shot is generically used in tv
shows to show discussion between two of the supporting cast it would be anything too
serious to comedy all it shows is two people from mainly a sideways angle and it might
change to an over the shoulder shot when they start to talk.
L.W

3. Over the shoulder
This is a third-person shot showing the audience a character or object, over the shoulder of
another character. The camera will show the back of the shoulder and head of this
character, this can be used to create suspension in a thriller or just an interesting angle of
a situation. This is also a very good shot for establishing a relationship between two
characters. This shot is most commonly post two shot. When the two shot is showing two
people talking there is a high chance is could change to an OTS shot just to change up the
camera angle and this wouldn’t be hard to utilise this shot as it is very simple.
L.W

4. Point of view
This is a first-person shot which will show the audience what the character can see. This
put the audience in the shoes of the onscreen character, making them become more
involved with the story. Point of view can also be called P.O.V it is used so you can see
whatever the character it is following. P.O.V could be used in an action scene you don’t
mainly see point of views shots used since it can be difficult to pull off. The shot is rarely
used because the mid shot or other basic shots are more easily used and also easier to
film.
L.W

5. Master shot
This is usually the first shot within a production, it is used to establish the settings and
characters. The master shot usually comes in the form of an extreme long shot, this is
because an ELS will fully show the setting and the characters. If a particular shot has been
corrupted or suffers from unexpected problems, you can simply refer back to the master
shot and use it as a safety shot. The master shot would usually sit below the shots on the
timeline in the editing software and you can cut away to close ups or long shots and if
anything fails you will have the master shot as a backup file so you will always have a shot
for the time line.
L.W

6. Long shot
This shot in generically a head to toe shot of a character or two. This shot can be also be
called a “Full body shot” which is straight forward as a shot which shows the character's
body language. You could get the idea of what their dress sense is or maybe one of the
characters had been in a car accident and the long shot would show the full extent of the
characters injuries for example soap operas will use full body shots when introducing a
new character into the show or when they show a character they will introduce their
characteristics maybe the character dresses in sparkles so they would have to show this
off in a long shot or a master shot.
A.S

7. Extreme long shot
This shot even though it is so closely named like the long shot but it is completely different
this shot could mainly be used to show a person but mainly show their surroundings
around them for example if a person was having a picture taken at the eiffel tower they
would mainly focus on getting the tower into the shot instead of the character. This shot
could be mainly used as a setting shot since it is used to get the audience to know where
the character is for example in a movie if it spent the whole show and a long shot and mid
shots you would never know where the person is unless they mention it. With a ELS you
could get an idea from it.
A.S

8. Mid shot
Mid shot could be the most basic of the shots. It it usually from the waist to head mainly
used to capture speech between characters and facial expression. Mid shots are the most
common use of a shot since it could serve every purpose near enough but it might not look
as good as if you had the characters speaking in a two shot or maybe an OTS shot. People
mainly use a mid shot as a less awkward way of showing someone's facial expression or
maybe to show their emotions as you can sometimes pick up form people from their facial
expressions and body language. Mid shot is in near enough in every video you will watch
and every film.
A.S

9. Close up
The close up shot is another commonly used shot. Mainly used to show the characters
facial expressions after finding something out. Maybe if the character is opening a letter or
bills the camera would zoom to a close up so you would be able to tell if the news is good
or bad. Maybe if the character was opening and reading birthday cards there would be a
close up on the characters facial expressions so you could tell he was happy. There is a
clear difference between the mid shot and the close up stereotypically a mid shot would be
chest upwards where as a close up would just be a head/face shot. Close ups are mainly
used for as i said before showing facial expressions.
A.S

10. Extreme close-up
Extreme close-ups are a shot that is closer up than what a close up shot is. This being an
shot of someone's face for example just their eyes in the shot. This shows the audience
more of the facial features of the person in the shot from the eyes to the mouth. For
example the old western stare down is an extreme close up shot(s) as the camera zooms
in at the eyes. This can show clearly the facial expressions and can also show tension in a
scene.
J.H

11. High angle
A high angle shot is from an high angle looking down for example a scene where you have
someone looking down at another person from a helicopter. This shows the different
perspectives of the shot with it being at a high angle. This type of shot can also show how
small someone is or that a character is looking up at something and this type of shot can
have numerous amount of characters in at once aswell.
J.H

12. Low angle
A low angle shot is a shot at an low angle usually looking up for example a scene of
someone looking up from a low angle at something high up. This shows the different
perspectives of the shot with it being at a low angle.This show can also be used to show
how big something is.
J.H

13. Camera
Movements
Crane: This is a camera movement from a crane which allows the camera to
transverse great distances up and down and side to side whilst high up in the air.
Jib: This is basical a see-saw with the camera on one end and a counterbalance
on the other. This equipment is used for panning shots in a vertical direction by
following through an arc.
Panning: This is a simple camera movements and just means when the camera
turns during a shot. This could be used to show the surrounding arenas.
Track: Track is when you place a jib on a little track so you can move it back and
forth at will to help with the smoothness of the shots.

14. Lighting
Low Key:
Low key lighting of course sounds exactly how it is. It is shown in the dark
picture above maybe you can’t make out the person's facial or body expressions
but you can tell they are there this could be used in big reveal scenes in movies
since you will not be able to tell who they are until they change the lighting
High Key:
High key is the complete opposite of lowkey whereas low key depends on low
lighting which could be used in horror films or action films high key wouldn’t fit in
since if it was a horror movie you wouldn’t be as scared if you could see every
corner of the house and the killer would always be in the light. Sometimes low
key helps with pathetic fallacy.

15. Sound
Diegetic: This type of sound is visible to the actors within a scene. This will be
things such as other actors speaking, sounds of objects or music coming from
instruments on set. This would mainly include people laughing or talking or
maybe the weather in the scene for example if it rains the actors would hear the
rain and so would you.
Non-Diegetic: This type of sound isn’t visible within a scene nor has been implied
to be present in the action. Coming from a source outside of story space.
Meaning when you edit in music over the top of an advert the people inside the
scene won’t hear the music since it is made for the viewers so non-diegetic just
means the actors can’t hear it and you can.