The document discusses California's growing population and the resulting need to secure stable water supplies through ambitious infrastructure projects like aqueducts. It describes how William Hammond Hall diverted water from the Colorado River to irrigate farms in Southern California, while William Mulholland later built the Los Angeles Aqueduct to supply the growing city. San Francisco also redirected water from the Tuolumne River to support its expanding infrastructure. The document then shifts to discussing how California became a cultural hub in the 1920s as the film industry grew in Hollywood and attracted talented screenwriters, directors, and actors from around the world.

1. California By Kevin Starr

2. Chapter 7 Water is vital to all living creatures. Therefore, California had to resolve its water crisis due to its growing population. Irrigation to supply water to crops and farms was needed. The plan was to create an aqueduct from the Colorado River. William Hammond Hall decided to take water from the Colorado River to the Salton Sink to meet Southern California’s water needs. The California Development Company irrigated California with a second canal from the Colorado River. Much rainfall caused the over flooding of the Imperial Valley. Gold Rush technology would be the catalyst for irrigation technology.

3. Los Angeles Los Angeles became a growing city after migration brought people from all over to the California Gold Rush. After many settled in Los Angeles, it was becoming evident that the city needed an ever growing water supply to support its ever growing population. The plan for the Los Angeles Aqueduct was set in motion by William Mulholland. He would take water from the Owens Valley River in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, and using gravity to supply water, the aqueduct would become a success.

4. San Francisco To support the growing infrastructure of San Francisco, a water supply needed to be stablized. Water from the Tuolumne River was redirected. The New City of San Francisco was supported by new architecture. These buildings withstood the earthquake and fire of April 1906. The young people of San Francisco congregated amongst the university atmosphere that the city created. Universities were built with beautiful landscapes to show the high culture. Building of the aqueduct created more jobs and migration to the big city. Influx of cars led to construction of more roads and to accommodate traffic to the Northern Coast, the Golden Gate Bridge was built.

5. Chapter 11 Culture was setting the scene in California. Music,literature, television, radio, movies, photography, and architecture set the stage for up and coming talents. In the 1920’s screenwriters, directors, actors, and actresses moved to Hollywood where this diverse location set the scene for many people looking for stardom.

6. Literature Boom Socialism in Germany sent a wave of migration to the United States. This brought international culture to the film industry. The natural surroundings of California would become a reoccurring theme in both film and literature. John Steinbeck, a famous novelist, used nature and animal themes in a lot in his books, including Grapes of Wrath. Many famous writers, like Ernest Hemingway, came out of California. The Beat generation also brought creative writing and jazz to the mainstream.

7. Music San Francisco started the music as tradition because of the singing miners of the Gold Rush. Soon following, music in theaters, opera, and when films were no longer silent, it created a bulge of new jobs in the music industry. Igor Stravinsky is famously known for his work in the Walt Disney film Fantasia from 1940. Jazz came upon the scene as well as the popularity for dancing music. Migration from the “Dust Bowl” brought about country music, setting the mood of music on the opposite end of the sophisticates. Music became the spirit of America itself, a concoction of many different elements.