This slide set gives a brief introduction on what an electromagnetic reverberation chamber is and how its proper operation for radiated immunity tests and emission measurements can be validated. Finally, the procedure of a typical emission measurement and the application of the CISPR-16-4-5 standard to correlate the results with existing limits from other measurement environments is discussed.
Robust, Precise, Fast - Chose Two for Radiated EMC Measurements!Mathias Magdowski
Efficient and accurate measurement of the radiated emission at high frequencies can be a challenge, especially for electrically large unintentional radiators and devices under test. This talk will explain the procedure as well as the corresponding advantages and disadvantages for different EMC test environments such as anechoic rooms, wave guides, and reverberation chambers.
The talk explains basic properties of reverberation chambers and presents some exemplary practical chambers with their parameters. The normative chamber validation as well as emission measurements and immunity tests are briefly explained. Finally, advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
University of Victoria Talk - Metocean analysis and Machine Learning for Impr...Aaron Barker
A presentation given on Metocean analysis and Machine Learning for improved estimates of energy production in WECs by Aaron Barker at the University of Victoria on the 7th of December 2017
Robust, Precise, Fast - Chose Two for Radiated EMC Measurements!Mathias Magdowski
Efficient and accurate measurement of the radiated emission at high frequencies can be a challenge, especially for electrically large unintentional radiators and devices under test. This talk will explain the procedure as well as the corresponding advantages and disadvantages for different EMC test environments such as anechoic rooms, wave guides, and reverberation chambers.
The talk explains basic properties of reverberation chambers and presents some exemplary practical chambers with their parameters. The normative chamber validation as well as emission measurements and immunity tests are briefly explained. Finally, advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
University of Victoria Talk - Metocean analysis and Machine Learning for Impr...Aaron Barker
A presentation given on Metocean analysis and Machine Learning for improved estimates of energy production in WECs by Aaron Barker at the University of Victoria on the 7th of December 2017
Design verification of offshore wind turbines for foundation optimization and...Pieter Jan Jordaens
OWI-Lab develops short- and long-term monitoring solutions for offshore wind turbines. The motivation is gaining the insights that are crucial to minimize construction and installations costs of future offshore wind farms and to extend the life time of existing structures and
reduce their operation and maintenance costs. The main goal of this poster is to share the results of an extensive design verification camping. The results will allow improving current standards. Ultimately, reducing the cost of offshore wind energy.
In design verification the resonance frequencies of
the fundamental tower modes are identified using a
mobile measurement system and state-of the art
operational modal analysis (OMA) techniques. The obtained frequencies are compared with the as designed
values.
Conclusion:
Results indicate a general underestimation of the soil
stiffness. The first resonance frequency is between 5%
and 10% higher then designed. The second resonance
frequency is between 15% and 40% higher then designed. It was found that the relative difference with as designed values increased with water depth and was independent of the monopile length. Moreover it was found that the second bending mode frequencies coincided with the 6P blade passing frequencies. This can result in higher loads and therefore reduced lifetime or increased O&M costs.
This paper investigates the dynamic behavior of distribution network regarding intentional islanding, where the islands contain distributed generation (DG) to supply the local load demand. The objective is to ensure that DGs supply the load at high power quality. The distribution system must be equipped with monitoring and control elements to detect islanding states or to create intentional island configurations. A load shedding algorithm is developed to identify loads that will be disconnected for maintaining the service for the rest of loads in the island. When operating in the island mode, the generator governor controller may be modified to control the output frequency when needed. The system is modeled by NEPLAN software to simulate different components during islanding operation.
PERFORMANCE OF MVDC AND MVAC OFFSHORE WIND FARM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMJournal For Research
Offshore wind farms are becoming more popular because of advantages such as availability of higher and uniform wind speeds, availability of the large sea area and proximity to major load centers. Two types of wind turbine systems for wind power generation exist. Mainly DFIG (30% speed variation) and PMSG (100 % speed variation) generators are used in wind farms. To evaluate any power system network, load flow analysis is necessary. But traditional load flow methods such as the GS and NR-techniques fail to meet the requirements in both performance and robustness aspects of radial connected wind farm distribution systems. Therefore in this work, the direct approach algorithm is used for wind farms in which generators are modelled as PQ bus and transmission line modelled using À model in the algorithm. Basically two types of configuration are possible Medium Voltage AC (MVAC) and Medium Voltage DC (MVDC) offshore WFDS. Due to lower losses in MVDC offshore WFDS, a today lot of research is going on to design MVDC offshore WFDS. The results are presented for both MVAC and MVDC based offshore wind farm distribution system using MATLAB programming. Finally, a performance comparison has been made between the MVAC and MVDC based offshore Wind Farm Distribution System (WFDS).
Design and Experimental Results of Universal Electric Vehicle Charger Using DSPTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Owing to the growing concerns over energy depletion and environmental issues around the
world, more and more attention is given on replacing the fuel -based automobiles with electric vehicles
(EVs) which have the characteristics of zero-emission and low noise. As a result, various countries have
taken specific initiatives to de-carbonize their transport sectors by developing their own EV industry.
Regardless of the environmental and economic benefits, substantial scales of grid-connected EVs impose
incredible difficulties to the power grid. The main issues caused by EV charging to the power grid include
harmonics, voltage drop, system instability, system losses and grid overloading. Therefore, this paper
presents design and development of a novel method, which is by applying voltage-oriented control (VOC)
algorithm in battery charging of electric bus.The power system of this work consists of three-phase PWM
rectifier. The proposed method is based on mathematical analysis. Simulation and experimental works are
performed to investigate behavior and performance of the proposed algorithm. This paperclearly described
implementation of low and medium power laboratory prototype and operation of digital signal processor
(DSP) via MATLAB / Simulink for the proposed method.
Monte Carlo Simulation of the Statistical Uncertainty of Emission Measurement...Mathias Magdowski
This presentation describes the results of a Monte Carlo simulation to quantify the statistical uncertainty of emission measurements in the scope of electromagnetic compatibility in a reverberation chamber. Such a measurement can be performed based on the average or maximum received power at the reference antenna. Depending on whether value is measured, different parameters as the chamber validation factor CVF, the chamber loading factor CLF or the insertion loss IL are needed to calculate the total radiated power of a device under test. Each parameter as well as the measurement itself features its own statistical uncertainty, which are combined into a joint statistical uncertainty of the total radiated power.
Active power ouptut optimization for wind farms and thermal units by minimizi...IJECEIAES
In recent years, many works have been done in order to discuss economic dispatch in which wind farms are installed in electrical grids in addition to conventional power plants. Nevertheless, the emissions caused by fossil fuels have not been considered in most of the studies done before. In fact, thermal power plants produce important quantities of emissions for instance, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) that are harmful to the environment. This paper presents an optimization algorithm with the objective to minimize the emission levels and the production cost. A comparison of the results obtained with different optimization methods leads us to opt for the grey wolf optimizer technique (GWO) to use for solving the proposed objective function. First, the method used to estimate the wind power of a plant is presented. Second, the economic dispatch models for wind and thermal generators are presented followed by the emission dispatch model for the thermal units.Then, the proposed objective function is formulated. Finally, the simulation results obtained by applying the GWO and other known optimization techniques are analysed and compared.
IMPROVED MPPT METHOD TO INCREASE ACCURACY & SPEED IN PHOTOVOLTAIC UNDER VARIA...Naimesh Rama
This study proposes a novel MPPT method and the detailed performance comparison with FLC techniques is achieved. Under sudden change in atmospheric operating conditions, the proposed MPPT method performs better performance the proposed MPPT method has achieved the lowest oscillation rate at the MPP compared to commonly used methods.
Efficient Design of Reversible Multiplexers with Low Quantum CostIJERA Editor
Multiplexing is the generic term used to designate the operation of sending one or more analogue or digital
signals over a common transmission line at dissimilar times or speeds and as such, the scheme we use to do just
that is called a Multiplexer. In digital electronics, multiplexers are similarly known as data selectors as they can
“select” each input line, are made from individual Analogue Switches encased in a single IC package as
conflicting to the “mechanical” type selectors such as standard conservative switches and relays. In today era,
reversibility has become essential part of digital world to make digital circuits more efficient. In this paper, we
have proposed a new method to reduce quantum cost and power for various multiplexers. The results are
simulated in Xilinx by using VHDL language.
Filters for Electromagnetic Compatibility ApplicationsMathias Magdowski
In this short lecture, I explain the fundamentals of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), the basic coupling model and coupling paths via cables, electric fields, magnetic fields and wave fields. We also look at electric vehicles as an example of systems with many conducted EMC problems due to power electronic devices such as rectifiers and inverters with non-linear components such as diodes and fast switching components such as MOSFETs or IGBTs. After a brief review of circuit analysis fundamentals and an experimental investigation of the frequency-dependent impedance of resistors, capacitors and inductors, we look at a simple low-pass filter. The transfer function is derived and measured.
Do's and Don'ts für mobile Streamsetups - Beitrag zum #ScienceVideoCamp2024 d...Mathias Magdowski
Im Idealfall würde man hybride Lehrveranstaltungen, Live-Streams oder Aufzeichnungen aus technisch gut ausgestatteten Räumen produzieren und dabei noch jemanden für Technik-Unterstützung und Regieassistenz haben. In der Praxis ist es aber leider so, dass man als Lehrender sein Audio- und Video-Equipment meist selbst in den Seminarraum trägt. Und weil der "Seminarraum des Schreckens" manchmal nicht einmal einen Beamer hat, bringt man den auch noch mit. Und weil der Geist willig, aber der Akku schwach ist, sollte ein Verlängerungskabel im Stream-it-yourself-Kit auch nicht fehlen. Man baut also allein auf, richtet alles allein ein, macht die Lehrveranstaltung (natürlich gemeinsam mit den Studierenden), baut allein wieder ab und geht etwas erschöpft, aber doch zufrieden nach Hause oder zurück ins Büro. Genau über diesen Anwendungsfall möchte ich sprechen:
- Welche Technik eignet sich gut, welche eher nicht?
- Was sollte man schon bei der Planung und beim Aufbau beachten?
- Was sind Do's und Don'ts bei der Durchführung und Aufzeichnung solcher Lehrveranstaltungen?
- Wo kann man eventuell Unterstützung bekommen?
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Design verification of offshore wind turbines for foundation optimization and...Pieter Jan Jordaens
OWI-Lab develops short- and long-term monitoring solutions for offshore wind turbines. The motivation is gaining the insights that are crucial to minimize construction and installations costs of future offshore wind farms and to extend the life time of existing structures and
reduce their operation and maintenance costs. The main goal of this poster is to share the results of an extensive design verification camping. The results will allow improving current standards. Ultimately, reducing the cost of offshore wind energy.
In design verification the resonance frequencies of
the fundamental tower modes are identified using a
mobile measurement system and state-of the art
operational modal analysis (OMA) techniques. The obtained frequencies are compared with the as designed
values.
Conclusion:
Results indicate a general underestimation of the soil
stiffness. The first resonance frequency is between 5%
and 10% higher then designed. The second resonance
frequency is between 15% and 40% higher then designed. It was found that the relative difference with as designed values increased with water depth and was independent of the monopile length. Moreover it was found that the second bending mode frequencies coincided with the 6P blade passing frequencies. This can result in higher loads and therefore reduced lifetime or increased O&M costs.
This paper investigates the dynamic behavior of distribution network regarding intentional islanding, where the islands contain distributed generation (DG) to supply the local load demand. The objective is to ensure that DGs supply the load at high power quality. The distribution system must be equipped with monitoring and control elements to detect islanding states or to create intentional island configurations. A load shedding algorithm is developed to identify loads that will be disconnected for maintaining the service for the rest of loads in the island. When operating in the island mode, the generator governor controller may be modified to control the output frequency when needed. The system is modeled by NEPLAN software to simulate different components during islanding operation.
PERFORMANCE OF MVDC AND MVAC OFFSHORE WIND FARM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMJournal For Research
Offshore wind farms are becoming more popular because of advantages such as availability of higher and uniform wind speeds, availability of the large sea area and proximity to major load centers. Two types of wind turbine systems for wind power generation exist. Mainly DFIG (30% speed variation) and PMSG (100 % speed variation) generators are used in wind farms. To evaluate any power system network, load flow analysis is necessary. But traditional load flow methods such as the GS and NR-techniques fail to meet the requirements in both performance and robustness aspects of radial connected wind farm distribution systems. Therefore in this work, the direct approach algorithm is used for wind farms in which generators are modelled as PQ bus and transmission line modelled using À model in the algorithm. Basically two types of configuration are possible Medium Voltage AC (MVAC) and Medium Voltage DC (MVDC) offshore WFDS. Due to lower losses in MVDC offshore WFDS, a today lot of research is going on to design MVDC offshore WFDS. The results are presented for both MVAC and MVDC based offshore wind farm distribution system using MATLAB programming. Finally, a performance comparison has been made between the MVAC and MVDC based offshore Wind Farm Distribution System (WFDS).
Design and Experimental Results of Universal Electric Vehicle Charger Using DSPTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Owing to the growing concerns over energy depletion and environmental issues around the
world, more and more attention is given on replacing the fuel -based automobiles with electric vehicles
(EVs) which have the characteristics of zero-emission and low noise. As a result, various countries have
taken specific initiatives to de-carbonize their transport sectors by developing their own EV industry.
Regardless of the environmental and economic benefits, substantial scales of grid-connected EVs impose
incredible difficulties to the power grid. The main issues caused by EV charging to the power grid include
harmonics, voltage drop, system instability, system losses and grid overloading. Therefore, this paper
presents design and development of a novel method, which is by applying voltage-oriented control (VOC)
algorithm in battery charging of electric bus.The power system of this work consists of three-phase PWM
rectifier. The proposed method is based on mathematical analysis. Simulation and experimental works are
performed to investigate behavior and performance of the proposed algorithm. This paperclearly described
implementation of low and medium power laboratory prototype and operation of digital signal processor
(DSP) via MATLAB / Simulink for the proposed method.
Monte Carlo Simulation of the Statistical Uncertainty of Emission Measurement...Mathias Magdowski
This presentation describes the results of a Monte Carlo simulation to quantify the statistical uncertainty of emission measurements in the scope of electromagnetic compatibility in a reverberation chamber. Such a measurement can be performed based on the average or maximum received power at the reference antenna. Depending on whether value is measured, different parameters as the chamber validation factor CVF, the chamber loading factor CLF or the insertion loss IL are needed to calculate the total radiated power of a device under test. Each parameter as well as the measurement itself features its own statistical uncertainty, which are combined into a joint statistical uncertainty of the total radiated power.
Active power ouptut optimization for wind farms and thermal units by minimizi...IJECEIAES
In recent years, many works have been done in order to discuss economic dispatch in which wind farms are installed in electrical grids in addition to conventional power plants. Nevertheless, the emissions caused by fossil fuels have not been considered in most of the studies done before. In fact, thermal power plants produce important quantities of emissions for instance, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) that are harmful to the environment. This paper presents an optimization algorithm with the objective to minimize the emission levels and the production cost. A comparison of the results obtained with different optimization methods leads us to opt for the grey wolf optimizer technique (GWO) to use for solving the proposed objective function. First, the method used to estimate the wind power of a plant is presented. Second, the economic dispatch models for wind and thermal generators are presented followed by the emission dispatch model for the thermal units.Then, the proposed objective function is formulated. Finally, the simulation results obtained by applying the GWO and other known optimization techniques are analysed and compared.
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This study proposes a novel MPPT method and the detailed performance comparison with FLC techniques is achieved. Under sudden change in atmospheric operating conditions, the proposed MPPT method performs better performance the proposed MPPT method has achieved the lowest oscillation rate at the MPP compared to commonly used methods.
Efficient Design of Reversible Multiplexers with Low Quantum CostIJERA Editor
Multiplexing is the generic term used to designate the operation of sending one or more analogue or digital
signals over a common transmission line at dissimilar times or speeds and as such, the scheme we use to do just
that is called a Multiplexer. In digital electronics, multiplexers are similarly known as data selectors as they can
“select” each input line, are made from individual Analogue Switches encased in a single IC package as
conflicting to the “mechanical” type selectors such as standard conservative switches and relays. In today era,
reversibility has become essential part of digital world to make digital circuits more efficient. In this paper, we
have proposed a new method to reduce quantum cost and power for various multiplexers. The results are
simulated in Xilinx by using VHDL language.
Similar to Calculation of conversion factors for the RVC method in accordance with CISPR 16-4-5 (20)
Filters for Electromagnetic Compatibility ApplicationsMathias Magdowski
In this short lecture, I explain the fundamentals of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), the basic coupling model and coupling paths via cables, electric fields, magnetic fields and wave fields. We also look at electric vehicles as an example of systems with many conducted EMC problems due to power electronic devices such as rectifiers and inverters with non-linear components such as diodes and fast switching components such as MOSFETs or IGBTs. After a brief review of circuit analysis fundamentals and an experimental investigation of the frequency-dependent impedance of resistors, capacitors and inductors, we look at a simple low-pass filter. The transfer function is derived and measured.
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Im Idealfall würde man hybride Lehrveranstaltungen, Live-Streams oder Aufzeichnungen aus technisch gut ausgestatteten Räumen produzieren und dabei noch jemanden für Technik-Unterstützung und Regieassistenz haben. In der Praxis ist es aber leider so, dass man als Lehrender sein Audio- und Video-Equipment meist selbst in den Seminarraum trägt. Und weil der "Seminarraum des Schreckens" manchmal nicht einmal einen Beamer hat, bringt man den auch noch mit. Und weil der Geist willig, aber der Akku schwach ist, sollte ein Verlängerungskabel im Stream-it-yourself-Kit auch nicht fehlen. Man baut also allein auf, richtet alles allein ein, macht die Lehrveranstaltung (natürlich gemeinsam mit den Studierenden), baut allein wieder ab und geht etwas erschöpft, aber doch zufrieden nach Hause oder zurück ins Büro. Genau über diesen Anwendungsfall möchte ich sprechen:
- Welche Technik eignet sich gut, welche eher nicht?
- Was sollte man schon bei der Planung und beim Aufbau beachten?
- Was sind Do's und Don'ts bei der Durchführung und Aufzeichnung solcher Lehrveranstaltungen?
- Wo kann man eventuell Unterstützung bekommen?
MINT-Mitmachaktionen und Tage der offenen Labortür - Diskussionsbeitrag zur V...Mathias Magdowski
Als Studienwerbungsgruppe innerhalb der Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität engagieren wir uns seit Jahren dafür, Kinder und Jugendliche für ein Studium im MINT-Bereich, insbesondere natürlich der Elektro-, Informations- und Medizintechnik zu begeistern. Dafür organisieren wir regelmäßig "Tage der offenen Labortür" und "MINT-Mitmach-Aktionen" an der Universität und in der Experimentellen Fabrik. In diesem Foliensatz ist ein Überblick über einige der üblichen Aktionen und Formate zu finden. Außerdem sind einige Beispiele und Ideen für Online-Workshops gezeigt, die auch unter Pandemie-Bedingungen funktionierten bzw. mit denen man eine überregionale Zielgruppe erreichen kann.
Kern-Curriculum und Laborversuche für die EMV-Lehre von heuteMathias Magdowski
Die elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit ist auch in der Ausbildung und Lehre ein sehr interdisziplinäres Thema mit Beziehungen zur Leistungselektronik, elektrischen Antrieben, der Signalverarbeitung, Kommunikationstechnik, Sensorik oder Hochfrequenztechnik.
%Für Lehrveranstaltungen mit begrenztem Zeitbudget stellt sich deshalb die Frage, welche Inhalte vermittelt werden und welche Kompetenzen die Studierenden entwickeln sollen. Als Überblick für ein solches EMV-Kerncurriculum hat eine Arbeitsgruppe unter Leitung von Prof. Dickmann von der HSU Hamburg hat in den Jahren 2011-2014 mit Expert*innen aus Wissenschaft und Industrie entsprechende Empfehlungen erarbeitet. Diese geben eine Auswahl von Themen für Lehrplaninhalte für eine breite Ausbildung auf dem Gebiet der elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit vor und werden regelmäßig aktualisiert. Im Vortrag möchten wir einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand geben und dazu auch passende Labor- und Demonstrationsversuche vorschlagen, die sich mit wenig Aufwand umsetzen und auch im Rahmen von Lehrveranstaltungen zeigen lassen.
Wie man ein gutes Paper (für das LEGO-Praktikum) schreibtMathias Magdowski
In diesem Video erkläre ich, worauf man beim Schreiben eines Paper achten sollte, insbesondere im Rahmen des Projektseminars Elektrotechnik/Informationstechnik (LEGO Mindstorms) an der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg. Dabei gehe ich auf Struktur, Inhalt und das Format ein.
Use ChatGPT in Electrical Engineering (!?) - Contribution to the event "AI To...Mathias Magdowski
This set of slides demonstrates and critically evaluates the use of ChatGPT for solving exemplary exercises, assessment and examination tasks from the engineering sciences, in particular electrical engineering and electromagnetic compatibility. In addition, ideas for the use of such AI tools in courses, lectures and examinations are developed. Finally, general questions regarding the use of large language models and AI tools in everyday academic life are discussed.
PDF download: https://cloud.ovgu.de/s/NnFRZ26GEM2He7Y
ChatGPT nutzen in der Elektrotechnik (!?) - Beitrag zur Veranstaltung "KI-Too...Mathias Magdowski
Im Foliensatz wird der Einsatz von ChatGPT zur Lösung beispielhafter Übungs-, Leistungskontroll- und Prüfungsaufgaben aus den Ingenieurwissenschaften und insbesondere der Elektrotechnik sowie der elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit demonstriert und kritisch bewertet. Weiterführend werden Ideen zum Umgang mit solchen KI-Werkzeugen in Studium und Lehre sowie in Prüfungen entwickelt. Abschließend werden generelle Fragestellungen beim Einsatz von Sprachmodellen und KI-Werkzeugen im akademischen Alltag diskutiert.
PDF-Download: https://cloud.ovgu.de/s/mYEFjpfTsfoiCwA
Chancen und Herausforderungen von ChatGPT - Wie kann mir ChatGPT helfen, mein...Mathias Magdowski
Präsentation zur Herbsttagung des Fachbereichstags Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik (FBTEI e.V.)
Im Foliensatz werden einige Grundlagen zu großen Sprachmodellen wie ChatGPT erlöutert und einige Sinnbilder und Analogien wie das "verschwommene Bild des Internets" oder der "stochastische Papagei" diskutiert. Danach wird der Einsatz von ChatGPT zur Lösung beispielhafter Übungs-, Leistungskontroll- und Prüfungsaufgaben aus den Ingenieurwissenschaften und insbesondere der Elektrotechnik sowie der elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit demonstriert und kritisch bewertet. Abschließend werden Ideen zum Umgang mit solchen KI-Werkzeugen in Prüfungen entwickelt. Der Foliensatz enthält außerdem die Rückmeldungen der Zuhörenden aus den Umfragen während des Vortrags.
Well Stirred is Half Measured - EMC Tests in Reverberation ChambersMathias Magdowski
The talk explains basic properties of reverberation chambers and presents some exemplary practical chambers with their parameters. The normative chamber validation as well as emission measurements and immunity tests are briefly explained. Finally, advantages and disadvantages in comparison with other EMC test environments are discussed.
Digitale Tools in hybriden Lehrformaten einsetzen Beitrag zu den Hochschuldid...Mathias Magdowski
Während der COVID-19-Pandemie wurde die Hybridlehre an vielen deutschen Hochschulen und Universitäten zu einem festen Bestandteil der akademischen Lehre. In den letzten Monaten ist die Zahl der hybriden Veranstaltungsformate teilweise stark zurückgegangen, da viele Institutionen wieder mehr auf Präsenzlehre oder rein digitale Veranstaltungen setzten. Nach wie vor gibt es allerdings gute Gründe hybride Lehr- und Lernformate durchzuführen. Die Nutzung geeigneter digitaler Tools trägt maßgeblich zum Erfolg von hybriden Formaten bei. Doch welche eignen sich hierfür wirklich?
Nach einem kurzen thematischen Input wird Dr. Mathias Magdowski (zweifacher Gewinner des Lehrpreises der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität) aktuelle datenschutzkonforme Tools aus den Bereichen Aktivierung und Kollaboration vorstellen und gemeinsam mit Ihnen erproben.
Hybride Lehrformate erfolgreich gestalten - Beitrag zum Workshop on E-Learnin...Mathias Magdowski
Hybride Lehrveranstaltungen, an denen gleichzeitig Lernende vor Ort sowie online teilnehmen können, bieten viele Möglichkeiten in Bezug auf Flexibilität, Zugänglichkeit und Barrierefreiheit. Gleichzeitig stellen sie technische Anforderungen an den Raum und an die Kompetenz der Lehrperson, diese Technik didaktisch sinnvoll zu nutzen und hybride Veranstaltungen kreativ zu gestalten sowie souverän zu moderieren. Im Workshop schauen wir uns dazu möglichst einfache und zum Teil auch mobile Lösungen mit guten Verhältnis von Aufwand zu Nutzen an.
Eine weitere Herausforderung in interaktiven hybriden Lehrveranstaltungen mit Seminarcharakter oder Gruppenarbeitsphasen ist die gleichzeitige Aktivierung und Einbindung der Teilnehmenden vor Ort und in der Videokonferenz. Für den Lernprozess förderliche Aktivitäten sollten sowohl online als auch in Präsenz funktionieren oder sich zumindest schnell von der "Online-Welt" in die "Vor-Ort-Welt" überführen lassen. Für solche Aktivitäten schauen wir uns verschiedene Möglichkeiten an und probieren diese gemeinsam aus.
Why the Wire is on Fire - Electromagnetic Field Coupling to Transmission LinesMathias Magdowski
Cables and transmission lines attached to devices and complex systems may act as parasitic receiving antennas and can guide unwanted radiated electromagnetic disturbances into connected sensitive electronics like sensors or measurement units. In this talk, the basic field-to-wire coupling phenomena will be described. Analytical and numerical calculations will be explained and compared with each other.
Akademische Integrität bei Laborprotokollen - Plagiate proaktiv vermeiden und...Mathias Magdowski
Im Foliensatz für einen Vortrag oder Workshopimpuls geht es um die Herausforderung von Plagiaten in Laborprotokollen oder anderen schriftlichen Einreichungen von Studierenden in den Ingenieurwissenschaften. Dabei wird insbesondere auch auf die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von großen Sprachmodellen und Assistenten wie ChatGPT und DeepL Write eingegangen.
Chancen und Herausforderungen von ChatGPT in der ingenieurwissenschaftlichen ...Mathias Magdowski
Im Foliensatz werden einige beispielhafte Prüfungs- und Leistungskontrollaufgaben aus den Ingenieurwissenschaften und insbesondere der Elektrotechnik sowie deren Lösung durch ChatGPT gezeigt und diskutiert. Abschließend werden Ideen zum Umgang damit in Prüfungen entwickelt. Der Foliensatz enthält außerdem die Rückmeldungen der Teilnehmenden aus den Diskussionsrunden im anschließenden Workshop.
Wie kann mir ChatGPT helfen, meine Elektrotechnik-Prüfung zu bestehen?Mathias Magdowski
Im Foliensatz wird die Eignung von großen Sprachmodellen wie ChatGPT zur Bearbeitung und Lösung von typischen ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Aufgabenstellungen in schriftlichen Prüfungen anhand von Beispielen diskutiert. Außerdem werden Thesen und Kriterien für gute, kompetenzorientierte und lernendenzentrierte Prüfungen aufgestellt.
Prüfungen, in denen Studierende gern zeigen, was sie können - Online-Workshop...Mathias Magdowski
Im Workshop möchte ich gemeinsam mit anderen Lehrenden der Frage nachgehen, wie kompetenzorientierte (digitale) Prüfungen weiterentwickelt und breiter etabliert werden können. Wie müssen Open-Book-Prüfungsformate aussehen, die intrinsisch ohne Überwachung auskommen? Wie können mit alternativen Prüfungsformaten wie z.B. studentisch erstellten Podcasts, E-Portfolios, Blogs oder Videoeinreichungen fachliche und außerfachliche Kompetenzen wie Kreativität, Kommunikation oder Kollaboration miteinander verknüpft werden? Welche Vorteile bieten formative Prüfungsformate gegenüber summativen Prüfungen und wie kann man nicht nur das Ergebnis, sondern auch den Prozess der Lösung bewerten?
Nach einer kurzen Vorstellungsrunde zum gegenseitigen Kennenlernen, einem kurzer Input zu meinen eigenen Erfahrungen mit alternativen und kompetenzorientierten Prüfungsformaten (z.B. einer Take-Home-Prüfung mit randomisierten Aufgaben in den Grundlagen der Elektrotechnik, Open-Book- und Open-Web-Prüfungen mit analoger oder digitaler Einreichung in Präsenz, elektronischen Prüfungen mit Zahlenwert-Einheit-Aufgaben im Lernmanagementsystem Moodle, personalisierbaren Aufgaben mit anonymem Peer Review, studentisch erstellten Erklärvideos oder Blogs, etc.) und einer kurzen Pause möchte ich möglichst interaktiv arbeiten.
Dazu werden wir kleine Gruppen bilden, die gemeinsam am Beispiel einer eigenen Lehrveranstaltung möglichst konkret über ein alternatives Prüfungsformat nachdenken, im Sinne des Constructive Alignments die Passung zu den Lernzielen und Lehrmethoden evaluieren, Chancen und Herausforderungen identifizieren, und schließlich einen realistischen Umsetzungsvorschlag entwickeln. Da eine Reform der Prüfungskultur auch als Transformationsmotor für die Veränderung der Lehr- und Lernkultur wirken kann, ergeben sich daraus vielleicht auch neue Ideen und Konzepte für die Lehrveranstaltung an sich, die ebenso beleuchtet werden sollen.
Die in den Kleingruppen entwickelten Ergebnisse diskutieren wir nach einer kurzen Pause abschließend im Plenum.
Offene und alternative Prüfungsformate - Schulinterne Lehrer*innen-Fortbildun...Mathias Magdowski
Im Foliensatz geht es um eine kleine Bestandsaufnahme und SWOT-Analyse (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) der Ziele, Chancen, Herausforderungen und Risiken von Prüfungen allgemein, um die mögliche Nutzung von KI-basierten Werkzeugen wie ChatGPT in Prüfungen sowie um offene und alternative Prüfungsformate, in denen mehr Wert auf lernförderliches Feedback, Kompetenzerleben und eine Erhörung der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartunge der Lernenden gelegt wird.
Appetit auf Hybrid? - Praktische Rezepte für Technik und Didaktik in synchron...Mathias Magdowski
Durch die Kontaktbeschränkungen der Covid-Pandemie ergab sich die Motivation, vermehrt hybride Lehrveranstaltungen zu konzipieren und auszuprobieren, an denen Lernende und Lehrende sowohl online als auch in Präsenz teilnehmen können. Die sich dadurch ergebenden Vorteile und insbesondere die gestiegene Flexibilität versteht man jedoch erst, wenn man selbst viele verschiedene hybride Workshops, Übungen, Seminare oder Vortragsformate ausprobiert und durchgeführt hat. Technisch hat sich diesbezüglich viel getan, so dass man im Idealfall mit einer festen Raumausstattung aber zur Not auch mit mobilen Equipment viele Formate umsetzen kann. Unter der Prämisse, dass die Teilnehmenden in Präsenz auch digitale Endgeräte dabei haben, lassen sich viele didaktische Methoden nutzen, die eine Zusammenarbeit über den Hybriditätsgraben hinweg mit den Online-Teilnehmenden ermöglichen. Mit dem Vortrag möchte ich meine Erfahrungen sowohl mit Technik als auch Didaktik teilen und zum weiteren Austausch einladen.
Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurements in Reverberation ChambersMathias Magdowski
In this short lecture, I explain the fundamentals of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), the basic coupling model and the coupling paths via cables, electric fields, magnetic fields as well as wave fields. Also some examples of electromagnetic interference will be shown and discussed. The talk continues with the fundamentals of the calculation in decibels using figures and levels. Finally, the basic ideas of useful measurements environments for radiated EMC tests in anechoic and reverberant conditions will be introduced.
Alternative Prüfungsformate - Online-Workshop für das Netzwerk hdw nrwMathias Magdowski
Im Workshop möchte ich gemeinsam mit anderen Lehrenden und Studierenden der Frage nachgehen, wie kompetenzorientierte (digitale) Prüfungen weiterentwickelt und breiter etabliert werden können. Wie müssen Open-Book-Prüfungsformate aussehen, die intrinsisch ohne Überwachung auskommen? Wie können mit alternativen Prüfungsformaten wie z.B. studentisch erstellten Podcasts, E-Portfolios, Blogs oder Videoeinreichungen fachliche und außerfachliche Kompetenzen wie Kreativität, Kommunikation oder Kollaboration miteinander verknüpft werden? Welche Vorteile bieten formative Prüfungsformate gegenüber summativen Prüfungen und wie kann man nicht nur das Ergebnis, sondern auch den Prozess der Lösung bewerten?
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Calculation of conversion factors for the RVC method in accordance with CISPR 16-4-5
1. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Calculation of conversion factors for the RVC method
in accordance with CISPR 16-4-5
Dr.-Ing. Mathias Magdowski
Chair for Electromagnetic Compatibility
Institute for Medical Engineering
Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
June 29, 2023
License: cb CC BY 4.0 (Attribution, ShareAlike)
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 1 / 31
2. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Overview
What is a reverberation chamber?
How to validate the proper operation?
How to measure emission?
How to apply the CISPR-16-4-5?
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 2 / 31
3. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Simple idea of a reverberation chamber
Figure: Schematic setup of a reverberation chamber (top view)
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 3 / 31
4. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Practical reverberation chamber
Figure: Large reverberation chamber in Magdeburg
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 4 / 31
5. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
How to stir the field?
Changes of the electromagnetic boundary conditions:
▶ mechanical stirrer(s)
▶ moving walls
▶ relocating the antenna(s)
▶ switching between several antennas
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 5 / 31
6. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
How to stir the field?
Changes of the electromagnetic boundary conditions:
▶ mechanical stirrer(s)
▶ moving walls
▶ relocating the antenna(s)
▶ switching between several antennas
Narrow band frequency changes:
▶ only for immunity testing
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 5 / 31
7. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Vibrating intrinsic reverberation chamber
(a) Demonstration with neon tubes (b) In-situ test on a ship
Source: Prof. Leferink, University of Twente and THALES, Netherlands
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 6 / 31
8. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Oscillating wall stirrer
Figure: Reverberation chamber with an oscillating wall stirrer at the Laboratory of
Electromagnetic Compatibility, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University,
Nanjing, China
Source: https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2020.2983981
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 7 / 31
9. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Statistical properties of the field
Homogeneity:
▶ uniformity over the space
▶ free placement of the EUT in the working volume
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 8 / 31
10. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Statistical properties of the field
Homogeneity:
▶ uniformity over the space
▶ free placement of the EUT in the working volume
Isotropy:
▶ uniformity in all directions
▶ orientation of the EUT does not matter
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 8 / 31
11. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Statistical properties of the field
Homogeneity:
▶ uniformity over the space
▶ free placement of the EUT in the working volume
Isotropy:
▶ uniformity in all directions
▶ orientation of the EUT does not matter
Validity:
▶ only in the working volume
▶ minimum distance to the walls > λ
4
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 8 / 31
12. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Change my mind!
Source: https://imgflip.com/i/6sa4e8
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 9 / 31
13. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Overview
What is a reverberation chamber?
How to validate the proper operation?
How to measure emission?
How to apply the CISPR-16-4-5?
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 10 / 31
14. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Chamber field uniformity and loading validation
Goal:
▶ verification of a sufficiently small field inhomogeneity in the working volume
▶ determination of the lowest usable frequency (LUF)
▶ for the empty and maximum loaded chamber
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 11 / 31
15. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Chamber field uniformity and loading validation
Goal:
▶ verification of a sufficiently small field inhomogeneity in the working volume
▶ determination of the lowest usable frequency (LUF)
▶ for the empty and maximum loaded chamber
Maximum chamber loading verification:
▶ simulate the chamber loading by the EUT
▶ using a sufficient amount of absorbers
▶ EUT loading ≤ maximum loading
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 11 / 31
16. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Evaluation for each receiving antenna location:
Net input power (for each stirrer position):
PInput = PFwd − PRev (1)
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 12 / 31
17. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Evaluation for each receiving antenna location:
Net input power (for each stirrer position):
PInput = PFwd − PRev (1)
Average input power:
PInput = PInput NTuner
(2)
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 12 / 31
18. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Evaluation for each receiving antenna location:
Net input power (for each stirrer position):
PInput = PFwd − PRev (1)
Average input power:
PInput = PInput NTuner
(2)
Average received power:
PAveRec = ⟨PRec⟩NTuner
(3)
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 12 / 31
19. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Evaluation for each receiving antenna location:
Net input power (for each stirrer position):
PInput = PFwd − PRev (1)
Average input power:
PInput = PInput NTuner
(2)
Average received power:
PAveRec = ⟨PRec⟩NTuner
(3)
Maximum received power:
PMaxRec = ⌈PRec⌉NTuner
(4)
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 12 / 31
20. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Evaluation
For the empty and maximum
loaded chamber:
Antenna validation factor:
AVF =
PAveRec
PInput
8 positions
(5)
Insertion loss:
IL =
PMaxRec
PInput
8 positions
(6)
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 13 / 31
21. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Evaluation
For the empty and maximum
loaded chamber:
Antenna validation factor:
AVF =
PAveRec
PInput
8 positions
(5)
Insertion loss:
IL =
PMaxRec
PInput
8 positions
(6)
For the chamber loaded with the
EUT:
Chamber validation factor:
CVF =
PAveRec
PInput
p positions
(7)
Chamber loading factor:
CLF =
CVF
AVF
(8)
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 13 / 31
22. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Overview
What is a reverberation chamber?
How to validate the proper operation?
How to measure emission?
How to apply the CISPR-16-4-5?
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 14 / 31
23. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Radiated emission measurement
Based on the measurement of the
average received power:
Prad =
ηTX · PAveRec
CVF
(9)
Advantages:
▶ lower statistical uncertainty when
using averages
▶ influence of the EUT validation
only, empty chamber validation
does not matter
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 15 / 31
24. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Radiated emission measurement
Based on the measurement of the
average received power:
Prad =
ηTX · PAveRec
CVF
(9)
Advantages:
▶ lower statistical uncertainty when
using averages
▶ influence of the EUT validation
only, empty chamber validation
does not matter
Based on the measurement of the
maximum received power:
Prad =
ηTX · PMaxRec
CLF · IL
(10)
Advantages:
▶ better signal-to-noise ratio for
weak emitters close to noise floor
▶ easy to use the maximum hold
(or peak hold) function of the
measuring instrument
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 15 / 31
26. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Overview
What is a reverberation chamber?
How to validate the proper operation?
How to measure emission?
How to apply the CISPR-16-4-5?
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 17 / 31
27. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Electrical size of an equipment under test
a
Definition as k · a:
k: wave number, k = 2πf
c = 2π
λ
a: radius of the smallest sphere surrounding the
EUT
Questions:
▶ What belongs to the EUT (case, cables, . . . )?
▶ Which cable length has to be considered?
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 18 / 31
28. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Electrical small EUTs
Condition: k · a ≤ 1
Figure: Radiation pattern of a small dipole (Source: Wikipedia)
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 19 / 31
29. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Electrical large EUTs
Condition: k · a 1
Figure: Radiation pattern (planar cut) of a practical EUT (Source: Magnus Höijer, FOI)
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 20 / 31
30. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Electrical large EUTs
Condition: k · a 1
Figure: Radiation pattern (planar cut) of a practical EUT (Source: Magnus Höijer, FOI)
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 20 / 31
31. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Electrical large EUTs
Condition: k · a 1
Figure: Radiation pattern (planar cut) of a practical EUT (Source: Magnus Höijer, FOI)
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 20 / 31
32. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
The higher the frequency, the larger the problem!
Source: https://imgflip.com/i/6sagu4
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 21 / 31
33. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Directivity
Definition:
D(ϑ, φ) =
Φ(ϑ, φ)
Prad/4π
(11)
▶ Φ is the power density radiated per solid angle
▶ Prad is the total radiated power
▶ Prad/4π is the average radiated power
Maximum directivity Dmax:
▶ Directivity in the main beam direction
▶ electrically short dipole: Dmax = 3/2 = 1.76 dBi
▶ electrically large EUT: Dmax ≈ 10 = 10 dBi
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 22 / 31
34. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Free space or fully anechoic room (FAR)
Relationship between power and field strength:
E2
max = Dmax
η0
4πr2
Prad (12)
▶ η0 is the free space impedance
▶ r is the distance
▶ derivation with the help of a short electric dipole
▶ valid in the far field
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 23 / 31
35. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Half space or semi-anechoic chamber (SAC)
Relationship between power and field strength:
E2
max = Dmax
η0
4πr2
Prad g2
max (13)
▶ gmax is an additional geometry factor
▶ value range between 0 and 2
▶ consideration of the reflection at the ground plane
▶ interference of the direct and the reflected wave
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 24 / 31
37. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Conversion SAC to RC w. r. t. f for a = 0.75 m and r = 10 m
107
108
109
1010
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Frequency, f in Hz
Conversion
factor
E
2
max
P
rad
in
V
2
W
m
2
95. percentile
average
50. percentile
5. percentile
https://octave-online.net/bucket~Lk6YAigoBeuKfmDvu2sWDr
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 26 / 31
38. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Conversion FAR to RC w. r. t. f for a = 0.75 m and r = 3 m
107
108
109
1010
0
5
10
15
20
25
Frequency, f in Hz
Conversion
factor
E
2
max
P
rad
in
V
2
W
m
2
95. percentile
average
50. percentile
5. percentile
https://octave-online.net/bucket~MovSav14VA5nnoHKoo7s3A
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 27 / 31
39. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Conversion between FAR and RC with respect to ka for r = 10 m
10−1
100
101
102
103
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Product of wavenumber and EUT size, ka
Conversion
factor
E
2
max
P
rad
in
V
2
W
m
2
95. percentile
average
50. percentile
5. percentile
https://octave-online.net/bucket~NWBmAdyjm8aqLKaBRMNbzS
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 28 / 31
40. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Which type of measurement would you like to have?
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 29 / 31
41. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Which type of measurement would you like to have?
Environment: deterministic
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 29 / 31
42. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Which type of measurement would you like to have?
Environment: deterministic
EUT: random
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 29 / 31
43. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Which type of measurement would you like to have?
Environment: deterministic
EUT: random
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 29 / 31
44. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Which type of measurement would you like to have?
Environment: deterministic
EUT: random
Environment: random
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 29 / 31
45. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Which type of measurement would you like to have?
Environment: deterministic
EUT: random
Environment: random
EUT: deterministic
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 29 / 31
46. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Back to a more fundamental question
What is a good measurand for emission?
▶ field strength in V
m (in a certain distance)
▶ power flux density in W
m2 (in a certain distance)
▶ total radiated power W (independent of the distance)
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 30 / 31
47. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Back to a more fundamental question
What is a good measurand for emission?
▶ field strength in V
m (in a certain distance)
▶ power flux density in W
m2 (in a certain distance)
▶ total radiated power W (independent of the distance)
In which environment is the measurement performed?
▶ reflection-free environment
▶ environment with reflections
▶ highly reflective environment
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 30 / 31
48. Introduction Validation Emission measurement Conversion of results
Thank you very much for your attention!
Are there any questions?
Mathias Magdowski Conversion factors for RVCs 2023-06-29 31 / 31