CA HYPOPHARYNX CASE SHEET.pptx
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A 65-year-old male presented with a 6-month history of difficulty swallowing that progressed from solids to liquids. He also had a neck swelling for 2 months that increased in size to that of an orange. Examination found a ulceroproliferative growth in the left pyriform fossa and aryepiglottic fold, as well as a 5x3cm fixed and immobile left level 2 lymphadenopathy. The provisional diagnosis was malignancy of the hypopharynx with neck metastases.
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2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
All info about Diabetes and how to control it.
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Ketone bodies and metabolism-biochemistry
This slide consists of all the topics of ketone . This can be used for exam purpose for writing about Diabetic keto acidosis etc . Thank you
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CA HYPOPHARYNX CASE SHEET.pptx
- 1. • A 65 YEAR OLD MALE CAME WITH COMPLAINTS OF DIFFICULTY IN SWALLOWING SINCE 6 MONTHS • HOPI: PATIENT WAS APPARENTLY NORMAL BEFORE 3 MONTHS THEN HE DEVELOPED DIFFICULTY IN SWALLOWING WHICH IS ACUTE IN ONSET,INITIALLY HE HAD DIFFICULTY IN SWALLOWING SOLIDS WHICH PROGRESSED TO SEMI SOLIDS AND NOW PATIENT IS ABLE TO SWALLOW ONLY SIPS OF FLUIDS. H/O NECK SWELLING PRESENTSINCE 2 MONTHS WHICH WAS INITIALLY SIZE OF A PEA NOW IT HAS REACHED SIZE OF A ORANGE NO H/O EAR ACHE NO H/O VOICE CHANGE NO H/O DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING H/O LOW+ H/O LOA +
- 2. • PAST H/O: NOT SIGNIFICANT • PERSONAL H/O: BEEDI SMOKER 15/DAY SINCE 20 YRS ALCOHOLIC-600 ML/DAY SINCE PAST 30 YRS • FAMILY H/O: • GENERAL EXAMINATION: CONSCIOUS,ORIENTED,COHERANT,COOPERATIVE THINLY BUILT,THINLY NOURISHED LEVEL 2 LYMPHADENOPATHY PRESENT
- 3. • Vitals :-Temp :- Afebrile, PR :- 66/bpm,BP :- 130/90 mm hg,RR :- 16/min • Systemic Examination : • Cranial nerve examination :- Normal • ENT EXAMINATION : • ORAL CAVITY : • Mouth opening – full and adequate ,Angle of mouth – Normal ,Lips – Normal ,Gingivo Labial sulcus –Normal • Gingivo Buccal Sulcus – Normal ,Gums- Nicotine stained • Teeth – Normal , No loose tooth seen ,Anterior 2/3rd of Tongue – Normal • Buccal Mucosa – Hyperpigmentation +,Hard Palate – Normal. • Retro Molar Trigones – Normal
- 4. • OROPHARYNX : Normal • IDL : Ulcero - Proliferative growth with irregular surface seen involving left aryepiglottic fold and left pyriform fossa. Pooling of saliva present. Right Pyriform fossa Normal • Base of tongue Normal • Epiglottis Normal • Vallecula Normal • Vocal cords normal in mobility. Glottic chink adequate.
- 5. Neck : • Left level 2 lymphadenopathy :- • A Single, Irregular, 5*3 cms with normal surface, hard in consistency, immobile, fixed to underlying structures, skin over the swelling is pinchable. On contracting left SCM becoming less prominent. • Trachea – central in position • Laryngeal Framework – Normal • Laryngeal Crepitus – Present • No Laryngeal Tenderness • Carotids – Palpable
- 6. • NOSE : • Anterior Rhinoscopy ; Normal • Posterior Rhinoscopy : Normal • Ear : Normal • PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS : • Malignancy hypopharynx with secondaries in neck ( Left Pyriform fossa malignancy )