climate change : Why a 4°C Warmer World Must be AvoidedMaryam Izadifar
Final Project for Climate Change: I create a digital artifact (a resource) that conveys an action or program that a community, country or region can implement to respond to climate change. The artifact is accessible to viewers by a link and available to view openly without needing to create an account or password.
climate change : Why a 4°C Warmer World Must be AvoidedMaryam Izadifar
Final Project for Climate Change: I create a digital artifact (a resource) that conveys an action or program that a community, country or region can implement to respond to climate change. The artifact is accessible to viewers by a link and available to view openly without needing to create an account or password.
Presentation on the UK Climate Projections by Daniel Barwick of Defra.
This was delivered at the UK Climate Projections third sector event on the 28 July 2009 at Defra's Innovation Centre in Reading.
Global energy intensity, defined as worldwide total energy consumption divided by gross world product, decreased 0.19 percent in 2013. Although this may not seem impressive, considering that energy intensity increased steeply between 2008 and 2010, this small decline continues a much-needed trend toward lower energy intensity, writes Haibing Ma, China Program Manager at the Worldwatch Institute.
Earth's climate is mostly influenced by the first 6 miles or so of the atmosphere which contains most of the matter making up the atmosphere. This is really a very thin layer if you think about it. In the book The End of Nature, author Bill McKibbin tells of walking three miles to from his cabin in the Adirondack's to buy food. Afterwards, he realized that on this short journey he had traveled a distance equal to that of the layer of the atmosphere where almost all the action of our climate is contained. In fact, if you were to view Earth from space, the principle part of the atmosphere would only be about as thick as the skin on an onion! Realizing this makes it more plausible to suppose that human beings can change the climate. A look at the amount of greenhouse gases we are spewing into the atmosphere (see below), makes it even more plausible
Presentation on the UK Climate Projections by Daniel Barwick of Defra.
This was delivered at the UK Climate Projections third sector event on the 28 July 2009 at Defra's Innovation Centre in Reading.
Global energy intensity, defined as worldwide total energy consumption divided by gross world product, decreased 0.19 percent in 2013. Although this may not seem impressive, considering that energy intensity increased steeply between 2008 and 2010, this small decline continues a much-needed trend toward lower energy intensity, writes Haibing Ma, China Program Manager at the Worldwatch Institute.
Earth's climate is mostly influenced by the first 6 miles or so of the atmosphere which contains most of the matter making up the atmosphere. This is really a very thin layer if you think about it. In the book The End of Nature, author Bill McKibbin tells of walking three miles to from his cabin in the Adirondack's to buy food. Afterwards, he realized that on this short journey he had traveled a distance equal to that of the layer of the atmosphere where almost all the action of our climate is contained. In fact, if you were to view Earth from space, the principle part of the atmosphere would only be about as thick as the skin on an onion! Realizing this makes it more plausible to suppose that human beings can change the climate. A look at the amount of greenhouse gases we are spewing into the atmosphere (see below), makes it even more plausible
STRATEGIES TO DEAL WITH GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE.pdfFaga1939
This article aims to present the necessary strategies to avoid catastrophic climate change on planet Earth, which requires the replacement of the current energy model for another one based on renewable energy sources and the replacement of the current economic model for another based on the sustainable development model, among other measures.
Climate Change and COP23: self-deceptions and sluggish coordinationjournal ijrtem
ABSTRACT : Recent Carribean~Florida events, where warm ocean water provided energy for the hurricane Irma, make us all turn to the UN, and its UNFCCC, in order to find whether the international community is able and willing to engage in large scale activities to halt global warming. Two aspects must be examined: (1) Is there now overwhelming empirical evidence for global warming theory; (2) Can the states of world put together an effective response to rising greenhouse gases?If not, we face the Stephen Hawking threat of enormous damages, global warming becoming irreversible. KEYWORDS: GHG, GWT, CO2, methane, collective action, international governance, UNFCCC: Goal I, Goal II, Goal III.
Bright
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Assignment 2The Global Environment: An Emerging World View (cont.)
Reading Assignment:
Read Article 5, A safe operating space for humanity by Johan Rockstrom et al. on pages 36-41 in your textbook.
Overview:
This lesson will illustrate understanding of how locally-based activities influence global phenomena as climate change. You will also observe that in a time of disappointing progress is occurring in global initiatives to curb greenhouse gas emissions, one of the most promising paths might be a localized action.
The authors identified planetary boundaries that must not be crossed in order to avoid significant environmental degradation.
Of the 10 factors considered, 3 of them--biodiversity loss, climate change,and agricultural pollution--have already crossed the threshold for a sustainable planet.
Evidence so far suggests that, as long as the thresholds are not crossed, humanity has the freedom to pursue long-term social and economic development.
Topics Covered:Planetary BoundariesClimate ChangeRate of Biodiversity LossNitrogen and Phosphorus CyclesDelicate Balance
Key Terms:
Planetary Boundaries -- boundaries that define the safe operating space for humanity with respect to the Earth system and are associated with the planet’s biophysical subsystems or processes.
Holocene -- the unusually stable environment of the planet for the past 10,000 years, which has seen human civilizations arise, develop, and thrive.
Anthropecene -- an era that has arisen since the Industrial Revolution, in which human actions become the main driver of global environmental change.
EPA -- Environmental Protection Agency (www.epa.gov) for more information.
Greenhouse Gas (GHG)-- an atmospheric gas such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, or methane that easily absorbs infrared radiation & gives off heat, some of it directed toward space & the rest toward Earth.
Carbon Cycle -- the cycle of CO2 in the Earth‘s ecosystem; photosynthetic organisms transform the gas into organic nutrients, which are then restored to a gaseous state by respiration & decay. Instructor's Comments:
Fact 1: Currently, atmospheric CO2 concentration is 31% higher than in 1750, a level that has not been exceeded during the last 420,000 years.
Fact 2: The primary cause is human activity, particularly fossil fuel use & deforestation leading to further increases in CO2.
As we have seen a similar trend in the previous lesson, the following graph illustrates the CO2 concentration (dashes) and the global surface Ts (solid line)
Fact 3: Burning fossil fuels in power plats and automobiles ejects poisonous particles & gases that alter the chemical structure of the Atmosphere.
Fact 4: Worldwide CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) reached a record 30.6 Billion metric tons in 2010 that economists and scientist call this as “a wake-up call”. (Source: Int.
Today, CO2 emissions from fossil fuels are around 50 per cent higher than they were 20 years ago, and have been rising each year. This kind of change to the chemical mixture in the air doesn’t come without consequences. Acting like a blanket, the build-up of greenhouse gases is the main reason why the average global temperature has risen by nearly 1°C in the last century. This booklet explains why a rise of only a few degrees in the average global temperature risks our prosperity, security, and health. It explains why it is so important to reverse the rise in emissions within the decade. And why it is still within our means to do so. For more information visit www.climateinstitute.org.au/dangerous-degrees.html
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Top 10 Oil and Gas Projects in Saudi Arabia 2024.pdf
C362527
1. International Advance Journal of Engineering Research (IAJER)
Volume 3, Issue 6 (June- 2020), PP 25-27
ISSN: 2360-819X
www.iajer.com
Engineering Journal www.iajer.com Page | 25
Research Paper Open Access
Antropocene Fear of Nature
Pro. Jan-Erik Lane
ABSTRACT:- Nature has inserted fear in mankind during the Anthropocenic period. First came the short term
shock of COVID19 and subsequently the long term perils of climate change. How much can men and women
endure? Given the temperature increases projected by the models presented in this article, it is clear that
especially poor people will have to move.
Keywords: CO2 concentration, Methane emissions, shocks, fear of the future, temperature anomaly
I. INTRODUCTION
As nations start opening up their social systems, one may wonder what is next inside for Planet Earth
after this terrible short term shock. The global warming threat is forever present, but the consequences may need
long time periods to evolve. It is a matter of a slow moving disaster with potentially dismal ramifications for the
global economy. Much depends on the strength and timeliness of positive feedbacks as well as the adaptability
of mankind. The prediction of abrupt climate change as soon as 2030 or earlier is probably an exaggeration, so
where do we stand today? Figure 1 illustrates the relative amounts of different greenhouse gases.
Figure 1. Worldwide greenhouse gases by substance (EPA).
2. Antropocene Fear Of Nature
Engineering Journal www.iajer.com Page | 26
As CO2(Carbon Dioxide) and CH4 (Methane) constitute the bulk of worldwide GHG emissions, we will
concentrate on finding models for their numbers. The omnipresence of CO2 and CH4. The baseline facts about
carbon dioxide and methane can be stated in a simple chart, depicting developments after the Second World
War.
Figure 2: CO2 and CH4 concentration (Sealevel).
CO2 Concentration
It should be considered somewhat surprising that the Keeling curve has risen also during the COVID
19 pandemic, reaching a value of 418 ppm (). However, it should be remembered that greenhouse gases
originate from various human activities and all of them have not been shut down. There is an ongoing revolution
in transportation with the coming of EV (Electrical Vehicles), but the majority of the world’s population can still
not afford this expensive mode of transport. Moreover, housing, heating, electricity and agriculture continue,
emitting CO2. Figure 3 shows greenhouse gases divided by sector.
The impact of carbon dioxide is primarily an increase in temperature, indirectly causing a number of
outcomes, and reinforcing global warming by means of positive feedback loops. Over time, the relationship
between CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and temperature increase can be modeled as a linear function as
follows:
Temperature Increase / degrees C=-3.3 + 0.0103*CO2/ppm (1)
Given the current level of CO2 of 418 ppm, global surface temperature has increased by 1 degree C. If and
when we reach 500 ppm, the temperature rise would according to the model become higher than the 1.5 degree
max target of the 2015 Paris agreement (1.8 degrees). The abrupt theory of climate change implies that we will
reach 500 ppm as soon as within ten years. Yet, global warming is a slow process, albeit Hawking irreversible.
Methane Emissions
When emissions of CH4 are added to the global warming picture, things become even worse. Methane
emissions originate almost exclusively from agriculture and natural gas production.
3. Antropocene Fear Of Nature
Engineering Journal www.iajer.com Page | 27
Figure 3. 2017 Worldwide Greenhouse gas emissions by gas and sector (PBL).
In the future, CH4 may come from the tundra where the permafrost is now thawing. This trend is
extremely dangerous and volatile, as the amount of carbon stored in the Northern Hemisphere underneath the
permafrost is excessively huge. When we model the relationship between CH4 and temperature increase, we get
the following linear regression line:
Temperature increase / degrees C=-1.16 + 0.00094*CH4 concentration / ppb (2)
Given current levels at 1900, we would get a temperature rise of 0.6 degrees C.
II. CONCLUSION
Apparently, increases in temperature in the Anthropogenic period have reached a value of 1 degree
Celsius, caused by emissions of both CO2 and CH4. Carbon dioxide seem to be more important than CH4 as of
now, but that my change in the coming decade. When global warming passes 2 degrees, a number of tipping
points will be triggered. Nobody knows how large temperature increase mankind can support in different parts
of the world. People will migrate.
REFERENCES
[1]. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data: Global Emissions
by Gas. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data .
[2]. Olivier, J.G.J., Schure, K.M., and Peters, J.A.H.W (PBL): Trends in Global CO2 and Total Greenhouse
Gas Emissions – 2017 Report. PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague,
Netherlands, 2017.
[3]. Burton, David A (Sealevel): CO2 and CH4 since 1800. http://sealevel.info/co2_and_ch4.html