C programming session 09
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The document discusses using structures in C programming. Key points covered include: 1. Structures allow grouping of heterogeneous data types and are defined using the "struct" keyword. 2. Structure variables can be passed to functions by value or reference, and pointers can be used to access structure members. 3. Arrays of structures can be declared and elements accessed using indexes. 4. Structures can be used to organize data for file handling, with functions like fwrite() and fread() used to write and read structure data to/from files.
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The purpose of this assignment is to give you some practice with creating your own classes. This program serves as the basis for all of the other programming assignments in this class and your future Computer Science classes.
Instructions
Construct a class named Square that has a floating-point data member named side. The class should have a zero-argument constructor that initializes this data member to 0. It should have member functions named calcPerimeter() and calcArea() that calculate the perimeter and area of a square respectively, a member function setSide() to set the side of the square, a member function getSide() to return the side, and a member function showData() that displays the square’s side, perimeter, and area. The formula for the area of a square is Area = side * side. The formula for the perimeter of a square is Perimeter = 4 * side.
The class should use appropriate protection levels for the member data and functions. It should also follow “principles of minimalization”: that is, no member data should be part of a class unless it is needed by most member functions of the object. A general rule of thumb is that “if you can easily calculate it, don’t store it.”
Use your class in a program that creates an instance of a Square (utilizing the zero-argument constructor), prompts a user for a side, calls the setSide() function to set the square’s side, and then calls showData() to display the square’s side, perimeter, and area. Your program should allow the user to enter new square dimensions until the user enters -1. Be sure to include appropriate error checking. Does it make sense to enter “abc” as the side of a square? No. Therefore, you should ensure that the user enters numeric data for the side. Negative numbers (other than the -1 to exit) should also be prevented.
Style:
· Your lab should be constructed such that separate files are used: Square.h (your class declaration file), Square.cpp (your class implementation file), and SquareDriver.cpp (the file that contains main() and any other functions that are not part of the class).
The purpose of having separate files is for code resusability. If other developers want to use your class in their programs, they don't need main() as well. They should only have to "#include" your class header file. As such, two separate files for the class are needed to be able to hide the implementation details from other developers. You want other developers to know how to use your class (i.e. what functions are available and how they are called -- this is called the "interface" of the class), but not how they are implemented. If both the interface and the implementation code are in the same file, this cannot be accomplished. When you distribute your class to other developers, the implementation (.cpp) file gets compiled, but the interface (.h) doesn't. That way, the developer can use your class, but he o ...
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1. To use a text file for output and later for input.
2. To use exceptions and write an exception handler that does more than abort execution.
3. To Use a static class variable.
4. To use a boolean variable and a Date variable.
5. To use an ArrayList.
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2 Overview
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1. The first time the program is used, the user will enter his or her own data in to the program and will become the Boss (Human Resources Manager) with access to everyone’s data.
2. After that, when the program starts up, it will read in a database of employee data and store it in the employee collection.
3. After that, the Boss will be able to log in and create new employees by entering the person’s name (first, middle initial-optional, and last), login name, base salary, and savings percent. This data will be used to initialize a new employee object. The object will also record the current date and a unique ID number for this employee. The new employee will be added to the Employee collection.
4. The Boss can log in and display a list of all Employees in the collection and can change the base salary or percent savings for any employee. In the list, display the full name (first, middle initial and last), login name, Employee ID, base salary, percent savings and date of hire for each Employee.
5. Any Employee in the collection can log in and see his or her own data and change their name and percent savings (due to marriage, etc).
6. An Employee whose login name is in the collection may log in and out. Logging in will automatically log out the prior Employee.
7. The menu has an option to quit and quitting will cause the final contents of the collection to be written back to the database file (replacing it).
8. Since you have
more than one class
in this project, you will
need to create a package (call it “savings” – note the first letter is lower case)
and put all of the classes in the package. To tell your program to look for the other classes, you need to put the following in each class file near your import statements.
package
savings;
3 The Employee Class: Superclass of the Model (from MVC) for this application.
a) An object of type Employ ...
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C programming session 09
Editor's Notes
- Begin the session by explaining the objectives of the session.
- Discuss the need for structures. Compare structure with an array.
- Use this slide to test the student’s understanding on defining structures.
- Discuss the advantages of using a label in defining a structure. Tell the students that a structure variable can be directly assigned to another structure variable of the same type. You need not to copy elements individually.
- Use this slide to test the student’s understanding on defining structures.
- Tell the students that structures can be passed to other functions. The structures can be passed either by value or by reference.
- Use this slide to test the student’s understanding on passing structures to functions.
- Use this slide to test the student’s understanding on array of structures.
- Tell the students the way to access the elements of a structure, which is contained in another structure. Also, discuss the use of the typedef statement.
- Use this slide to test the student’s understanding on typedef statement.
- Use this slide to test the student’s understanding on the fwrite() function.
- Tell the students that they can use the feof() function to check for the end of file. The feof () function does not report end-of-file unless we try to read past the last character of the file. Consider the following code. while (!feof (fp)) { fread (&buf, sizeof (struct buf) , 1 , fp) ; printf (…) ; /* print data from structure */ } Once the last record is read , the feof () function does not return a non-zero value. It senses the end-of-file only after the next read which fails. The buffer buf would still contain the contents of the last record which will be printed again. An alternative would be: while (1) { fread (&buf , sizeof (struct buf) , 1 , fp) ; if (! feof ()) printf (…) ; /* print data from structure */ }
- Use this slide to test the student’s understanding on the fwrite() and fread() function.
- Use this slide to test the student’s understanding on reading and writing structures in a file.
- Use this and the next slide to summarize the session.