1. Financial management deals with decisions that maximize shareholder wealth through activities like financing, investing, and dividend policies.
2. The organizational structure of a company establishes clear roles and responsibilities in decision making, with the shareholders' interest in wealth maximization flowing down through boards of directors and managers.
3. Financial institutions like banks and insurance companies link savers and users of funds by collecting deposits and premiums for investment and lending.
Projected financial statements are tools used by companies to set goals for financial performance at the end of the year. They involve forecasting income statements and statements of financial position. This is done by projecting revenue, expenses, assets, liabilities, and equity. Additional funding needed is calculated as the required increase in assets minus spontaneous increases in liabilities and increases in retained earnings. Financing options like debt or equity issuance are then considered. An example applies these concepts to the Millennial Company by projecting its income statement and statement of financial position for a sales increase.
The document discusses accounting journals and ledgers. It explains that journals are used to initially record transactions in chronological order, while ledgers provide a complete record of financial transactions over the life of a company. It also distinguishes between general ledgers, which provide a summary of all financial transactions, and subsidiary ledgers, which store specific transaction types to avoid cluttering the general ledger. Finally, it emphasizes that every transaction in a subsidiary ledger is periodically summarized and posted to a corresponding general ledger account.
This document provides an overview of business finance. It defines business finance as the study of financing and investment decisions made from theory to practice. The role of business finance is to help with financing and investment decisions through methods like debt, credit arrangements, and investments in assets. Business finance is related to accounting in that accountants provide financial information while financial managers make decisions. The objectives and functions of financial management are to ensure adequate funding, returns for shareholders, optimal fund utilization, and safety of investments.
The document discusses the Statement of Changes in Equity (SoCE), including its purpose, elements, and how it is presented depending on the form of business organization. It covers sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. For sole proprietorships, the SoCE summarizes the owner's capital account transactions. For partnerships, it shows the capital account of each partner. For corporations, it tracks the balances of capital stock, additional paid-in capital, and retained earnings accounts. The document also provides examples of how to prepare SoCE for different business types.
Introduction to accounting (FABM 1 for Senior High Students)Lucy Blanco
Accounting provides quantitative financial information to help with economic decision making. It has evolved over thousands of years, with early records found in ancient Mesopotamia and more developed double entry bookkeeping emerging in 14th century Italy. There are three main types of businesses - service companies which provide intangible services, merchandising companies which buy and resell goods, and manufacturing companies which convert materials into finished products. Each has different operating cycles and considerations for managing inventory, conversion costs, quality control and human capital.
This document discusses strategic planning and financial projections and budgets. It defines key elements of a strategic plan like vision, mission, objectives and strategies. It also explains SWOT analysis and how managers can assess strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Additionally, it covers preparing projected financial statements like income statements, balance sheets and cash flows. Lastly, it defines budgets as financial plans and describes types of budgets like operating and financial budgets. It provides details on preparing individual budgets for sales, production, materials, labor, overhead, expenses and cash.
This document provides information about the Statement of Comprehensive Income (SCI), including its purpose, components, and how to prepare it. It defines the SCI as a financial statement that reports the results of a company's operations for an accounting period. The key elements discussed are revenues, expenses, and net income. It also explains the differences between revenues and gains, and expenses and losses. Specific accounts like sales, cost of goods sold, bad debts expense, and other income/expenses are described.
The document provides an introduction to books of accounts used in accounting. It discusses the general journal as the book of original entry where transactions are initially recorded. It also discusses special journals like the cash receipts journal, cash disbursements journal, sales journal and purchase journal that are used to record specific recurring transactions. The journalizing process of entering debit and credit entries for each transaction in the general journal is also explained along with examples.
Projected financial statements are tools used by companies to set goals for financial performance at the end of the year. They involve forecasting income statements and statements of financial position. This is done by projecting revenue, expenses, assets, liabilities, and equity. Additional funding needed is calculated as the required increase in assets minus spontaneous increases in liabilities and increases in retained earnings. Financing options like debt or equity issuance are then considered. An example applies these concepts to the Millennial Company by projecting its income statement and statement of financial position for a sales increase.
The document discusses accounting journals and ledgers. It explains that journals are used to initially record transactions in chronological order, while ledgers provide a complete record of financial transactions over the life of a company. It also distinguishes between general ledgers, which provide a summary of all financial transactions, and subsidiary ledgers, which store specific transaction types to avoid cluttering the general ledger. Finally, it emphasizes that every transaction in a subsidiary ledger is periodically summarized and posted to a corresponding general ledger account.
This document provides an overview of business finance. It defines business finance as the study of financing and investment decisions made from theory to practice. The role of business finance is to help with financing and investment decisions through methods like debt, credit arrangements, and investments in assets. Business finance is related to accounting in that accountants provide financial information while financial managers make decisions. The objectives and functions of financial management are to ensure adequate funding, returns for shareholders, optimal fund utilization, and safety of investments.
The document discusses the Statement of Changes in Equity (SoCE), including its purpose, elements, and how it is presented depending on the form of business organization. It covers sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. For sole proprietorships, the SoCE summarizes the owner's capital account transactions. For partnerships, it shows the capital account of each partner. For corporations, it tracks the balances of capital stock, additional paid-in capital, and retained earnings accounts. The document also provides examples of how to prepare SoCE for different business types.
Introduction to accounting (FABM 1 for Senior High Students)Lucy Blanco
Accounting provides quantitative financial information to help with economic decision making. It has evolved over thousands of years, with early records found in ancient Mesopotamia and more developed double entry bookkeeping emerging in 14th century Italy. There are three main types of businesses - service companies which provide intangible services, merchandising companies which buy and resell goods, and manufacturing companies which convert materials into finished products. Each has different operating cycles and considerations for managing inventory, conversion costs, quality control and human capital.
This document discusses strategic planning and financial projections and budgets. It defines key elements of a strategic plan like vision, mission, objectives and strategies. It also explains SWOT analysis and how managers can assess strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Additionally, it covers preparing projected financial statements like income statements, balance sheets and cash flows. Lastly, it defines budgets as financial plans and describes types of budgets like operating and financial budgets. It provides details on preparing individual budgets for sales, production, materials, labor, overhead, expenses and cash.
This document provides information about the Statement of Comprehensive Income (SCI), including its purpose, components, and how to prepare it. It defines the SCI as a financial statement that reports the results of a company's operations for an accounting period. The key elements discussed are revenues, expenses, and net income. It also explains the differences between revenues and gains, and expenses and losses. Specific accounts like sales, cost of goods sold, bad debts expense, and other income/expenses are described.
The document provides an introduction to books of accounts used in accounting. It discusses the general journal as the book of original entry where transactions are initially recorded. It also discusses special journals like the cash receipts journal, cash disbursements journal, sales journal and purchase journal that are used to record specific recurring transactions. The journalizing process of entering debit and credit entries for each transaction in the general journal is also explained along with examples.
This document discusses strategies for developing strong customer relationships. It outlines 12 strategies including making every customer interaction count, following through on commitments, developing employees, offering valuable benefits, treating customers as individuals, listening to customers, building a strong brand identity, surrounding customers with useful information, having a website, rewarding loyalty, showing appreciation, and creating a casual blog. Developing customer relationships provides benefits like consistent customer experience, feedback, profitability, customer advocacy, and innovation. The document also discusses the Suki system of patronage used in Philippine business where customers regularly buy from specific vendors in exchange for discounts.
Credit unions are member-owned, not-for-profit financial cooperatives that exist to serve their members. They originated in Germany in the 1850s and spread to other parts of Europe and globally. Credit unions provide affordable financial services to their members and use any profits to benefit members through lower fees and rates rather than to generate profits for shareholders. They are controlled democratically by members who have an equal voice regardless of account size. Credit unions offer advantages like customer ownership and being non-profit, which results in fewer fees and higher savings rates for members.
Accounting is the process of documenting a company's financial transactions. Accounting entails summarizing, evaluating, and reporting these transactions to oversight organizations, regulators, and tax collecting agencies.
The document discusses the 4M's of production/operation - Manpower, Machines, Materials, and Methods. It provides examples for each M: Manpower refers to human labor and considerations for hiring; Machines are the equipment used and factors to consider; Materials include raw/processed components and quality/cost concerns; Methods represent day-to-day business operations. Students will watch a video on baking a cake and identify the 4M's used. They will then plan the 4M's needed for a business venture by filling out a table. Their work will be evaluated using a rubric focusing on clarity, conciseness, and comprehensiveness.
The document discusses the five major accounts in accounting:
1) Assets - resources controlled by a business from past transactions that are expected to provide future economic benefits. Examples include cash and inventory.
2) Liabilities - obligations of a business arising from past transactions that are expected to result in an outflow of resources. Examples include accounts payable and loans payable.
3) Equity - the residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all its liabilities, known as owner's equity or net assets.
4) Revenue - increases in economic benefits in the form of inflows that result in increases in equity.
5) Expenses - decreases in economic benefits in the form of
ABM 11_ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT_Q1_W1_Mod1.pdfMargerieFruelda1
1. The document discusses the evolution of management thought and key concepts in management. It covers pre-scientific management, classical theories of Taylor and Fayol, neo-classical theory including the Hawthorne experiments, and modern systems theory.
2. Management is defined as goal-oriented, universal, continuous, multidisciplinary, and both a science and an art. The functions of management include planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
3. A manager achieves objectives through efficient and effective use of resources. Key roles of a manager include spokesperson, monitor, and disseminator. Managerial skills include human skills, conceptual skills, and technical skills.
The document discusses the key elements of a business plan, which is a written document prepared by an entrepreneur that describes all relevant internal and external factors involved in starting a new venture. A business plan integrates functional plans like marketing, finance, manufacturing, and human resources. It should provide a complete picture of the new venture and be written from the perspective of an entrepreneur, marketer, and investor. A typical business plan outline includes sections on industry analysis, venture description, production, operations, marketing, organization, risk assessment, finances, and an appendix.
GENERAL MATHEMATICS Module 1: Review on FunctionsGalina Panela
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to functions, including:
- Definitions of functions and relations.
- Examples of functions represented as ordered pairs, tables, and graphs.
- Evaluating functions by inputting values for variables.
- Determining the domain and range of functions.
- Performing operations on functions like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and composition.
- Identifying whether functions are even, odd, or neither based on their behavior when the variable x is replaced by -x.
This document provides an overview of the statement of financial position (SFP), previously known as the balance sheet. It defines the SFP and its purpose, which is to present information about a company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a point in time. The learning objectives are to identify the elements of the SFP and prepare it using the report and account forms with proper classification of current and non-current items. The key components of the SFP - assets, liabilities, and equity - are also defined. Finally, exercises are provided to help learners practice preparing an SFP in the account form format.
Introduction to accounting lecture Senior High School StudentsLucy Blanco
Accounting provides quantitative financial information to help with economic decision making. It has evolved over thousands of years, with early records found in ancient Mesopotamia and development in the Roman Empire. A key event was the dissemination of double-entry bookkeeping in 14th century Italy by Luca Pacioli. Modern accounting principles and standards have been established since then. There are three main types of businesses - service companies which provide intangible products/services, merchandising companies which buy and resell tangible goods, and manufacturing companies which convert materials into finished products. Each has different operating cycles and considerations for inventory, costs, and revenues.
The document defines key accounting concepts like accounts, T-accounts, the five major accounts (assets, liabilities, equity, income, expenses), and chart of accounts. It provides examples of common types of accounts for each major category. Assets include current assets like cash, accounts receivable, and inventory, as well as non-current assets like property, plant, and equipment. Liabilities are divided into current and non-current. Income and expenses affect equity. A chart of accounts lists and organizes all the accounts used by a company in its financial records.
The document discusses the role of businesses in the economy. It states that businesses allow for specialization of production and economies of scale, which lower costs. They also coordinate trade and commerce through markets. Markets allow buyers and sellers to discover information and exchange goods and services voluntarily. This benefits consumers by providing access to desired goods and services and transmitting price information. It increases standards of living by enabling specialization and trade beyond self-sufficiency. Businesses thus play a key role in production, trade, and economic growth.
The document discusses different perspectives on what makes a business viable or able to survive, including economic viability through profitability, social viability through value delivered, and sustainability over time. It examines factors like growth, competition, size, product lifecycles, and protecting a business from threats both internal and external.
This document discusses key accounting concepts and principles, including:
- Accrual accounting, where transactions are recognized in the period they occur rather than when payment is made.
- Matching principle, where expenses match related revenues in the same period.
- Cost principle, where assets are recorded at their purchase price.
- Use of estimates and judgment in accounting given some items cannot be precisely measured.
- Prudence or conservatism, where higher estimates are used for expenses and lower estimates for revenues.
- Substance over form, where the economic reality of transactions matters more than legal form.
The document discusses various topics related to banking, including types of bank accounts like savings and checking accounts, how cabbage can provide various nutrients, the differences between acronyms and initialisms, and the importance of customer service for banks. It also provides examples of withdrawal and deposit slips and explores objectives for understanding bank accounts and transactions.
Personal finance involves managing money and finances to meet personal goals through income, expenses, savings, and investments. The document outlines several basic principles for financial management including organizing finances, spending less than you earn, putting money to work, limiting debt, continuously educating yourself, understanding risk, diversifying income sources, maximizing employment benefits, paying attention to taxes, and planning for unexpected expenses. Additionally, it provides principles from Money Boss such as taking responsibility for your circumstances, prioritizing savings, focusing on both small and large financial wins, and balancing spending and saving.
Entrepreneurship Introduction Part 4 - Career OpportunitiesFranciz Panganiban
This document provides information about various career opportunities for those interested in entrepreneurship, including business consultant, sales manager, research and development director, fundraiser, teacher, talent recruiter, business reporter, new venture creator, and popular career titles in 21st century enterprises. It encourages readers to complete a career interest survey to evaluate which careers they may be suited for based on their interests. The document aims to help readers explore different job opportunities within entrepreneurship and assess their own career interests.
The document provides an overview of marketing concepts and approaches. It discusses the stages of marketing thought from 1900-1970, including periods of discovery, conceptualization, integration, development, reappraisal, reconception, differentiation, and socialization. Key concepts covered include the traditional and contemporary definitions of marketing, behavioral concepts relevant to marketing from various social sciences, goals of marketing like maximizing consumption and satisfaction, and contemporary marketing approaches such as the marketing mix, conceptual approach, systems approach, marketing management, macro-marketing, social marketing, and comparative marketing.
SCREEN THE PROPOSED SOLUTIONS BASED ON VIABILITY,PROFITABILITY, AND CUSTOMERS...Joace Gayrama
THINGS TO CONSIDER DURING A PRODUCT VIABILITY ANALYSIS:
1. Consider product size and weight
2. Consider product fragility
3. Consider skus
4. Consider product lifespan
This document discusses strategies for developing strong customer relationships. It outlines 12 strategies including making every customer interaction count, following through on commitments, developing employees, offering valuable benefits, treating customers as individuals, listening to customers, building a strong brand identity, surrounding customers with useful information, having a website, rewarding loyalty, showing appreciation, and creating a casual blog. Developing customer relationships provides benefits like consistent customer experience, feedback, profitability, customer advocacy, and innovation. The document also discusses the Suki system of patronage used in Philippine business where customers regularly buy from specific vendors in exchange for discounts.
Credit unions are member-owned, not-for-profit financial cooperatives that exist to serve their members. They originated in Germany in the 1850s and spread to other parts of Europe and globally. Credit unions provide affordable financial services to their members and use any profits to benefit members through lower fees and rates rather than to generate profits for shareholders. They are controlled democratically by members who have an equal voice regardless of account size. Credit unions offer advantages like customer ownership and being non-profit, which results in fewer fees and higher savings rates for members.
Accounting is the process of documenting a company's financial transactions. Accounting entails summarizing, evaluating, and reporting these transactions to oversight organizations, regulators, and tax collecting agencies.
The document discusses the 4M's of production/operation - Manpower, Machines, Materials, and Methods. It provides examples for each M: Manpower refers to human labor and considerations for hiring; Machines are the equipment used and factors to consider; Materials include raw/processed components and quality/cost concerns; Methods represent day-to-day business operations. Students will watch a video on baking a cake and identify the 4M's used. They will then plan the 4M's needed for a business venture by filling out a table. Their work will be evaluated using a rubric focusing on clarity, conciseness, and comprehensiveness.
The document discusses the five major accounts in accounting:
1) Assets - resources controlled by a business from past transactions that are expected to provide future economic benefits. Examples include cash and inventory.
2) Liabilities - obligations of a business arising from past transactions that are expected to result in an outflow of resources. Examples include accounts payable and loans payable.
3) Equity - the residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all its liabilities, known as owner's equity or net assets.
4) Revenue - increases in economic benefits in the form of inflows that result in increases in equity.
5) Expenses - decreases in economic benefits in the form of
ABM 11_ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT_Q1_W1_Mod1.pdfMargerieFruelda1
1. The document discusses the evolution of management thought and key concepts in management. It covers pre-scientific management, classical theories of Taylor and Fayol, neo-classical theory including the Hawthorne experiments, and modern systems theory.
2. Management is defined as goal-oriented, universal, continuous, multidisciplinary, and both a science and an art. The functions of management include planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
3. A manager achieves objectives through efficient and effective use of resources. Key roles of a manager include spokesperson, monitor, and disseminator. Managerial skills include human skills, conceptual skills, and technical skills.
The document discusses the key elements of a business plan, which is a written document prepared by an entrepreneur that describes all relevant internal and external factors involved in starting a new venture. A business plan integrates functional plans like marketing, finance, manufacturing, and human resources. It should provide a complete picture of the new venture and be written from the perspective of an entrepreneur, marketer, and investor. A typical business plan outline includes sections on industry analysis, venture description, production, operations, marketing, organization, risk assessment, finances, and an appendix.
GENERAL MATHEMATICS Module 1: Review on FunctionsGalina Panela
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to functions, including:
- Definitions of functions and relations.
- Examples of functions represented as ordered pairs, tables, and graphs.
- Evaluating functions by inputting values for variables.
- Determining the domain and range of functions.
- Performing operations on functions like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and composition.
- Identifying whether functions are even, odd, or neither based on their behavior when the variable x is replaced by -x.
This document provides an overview of the statement of financial position (SFP), previously known as the balance sheet. It defines the SFP and its purpose, which is to present information about a company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a point in time. The learning objectives are to identify the elements of the SFP and prepare it using the report and account forms with proper classification of current and non-current items. The key components of the SFP - assets, liabilities, and equity - are also defined. Finally, exercises are provided to help learners practice preparing an SFP in the account form format.
Introduction to accounting lecture Senior High School StudentsLucy Blanco
Accounting provides quantitative financial information to help with economic decision making. It has evolved over thousands of years, with early records found in ancient Mesopotamia and development in the Roman Empire. A key event was the dissemination of double-entry bookkeeping in 14th century Italy by Luca Pacioli. Modern accounting principles and standards have been established since then. There are three main types of businesses - service companies which provide intangible products/services, merchandising companies which buy and resell tangible goods, and manufacturing companies which convert materials into finished products. Each has different operating cycles and considerations for inventory, costs, and revenues.
The document defines key accounting concepts like accounts, T-accounts, the five major accounts (assets, liabilities, equity, income, expenses), and chart of accounts. It provides examples of common types of accounts for each major category. Assets include current assets like cash, accounts receivable, and inventory, as well as non-current assets like property, plant, and equipment. Liabilities are divided into current and non-current. Income and expenses affect equity. A chart of accounts lists and organizes all the accounts used by a company in its financial records.
The document discusses the role of businesses in the economy. It states that businesses allow for specialization of production and economies of scale, which lower costs. They also coordinate trade and commerce through markets. Markets allow buyers and sellers to discover information and exchange goods and services voluntarily. This benefits consumers by providing access to desired goods and services and transmitting price information. It increases standards of living by enabling specialization and trade beyond self-sufficiency. Businesses thus play a key role in production, trade, and economic growth.
The document discusses different perspectives on what makes a business viable or able to survive, including economic viability through profitability, social viability through value delivered, and sustainability over time. It examines factors like growth, competition, size, product lifecycles, and protecting a business from threats both internal and external.
This document discusses key accounting concepts and principles, including:
- Accrual accounting, where transactions are recognized in the period they occur rather than when payment is made.
- Matching principle, where expenses match related revenues in the same period.
- Cost principle, where assets are recorded at their purchase price.
- Use of estimates and judgment in accounting given some items cannot be precisely measured.
- Prudence or conservatism, where higher estimates are used for expenses and lower estimates for revenues.
- Substance over form, where the economic reality of transactions matters more than legal form.
The document discusses various topics related to banking, including types of bank accounts like savings and checking accounts, how cabbage can provide various nutrients, the differences between acronyms and initialisms, and the importance of customer service for banks. It also provides examples of withdrawal and deposit slips and explores objectives for understanding bank accounts and transactions.
Personal finance involves managing money and finances to meet personal goals through income, expenses, savings, and investments. The document outlines several basic principles for financial management including organizing finances, spending less than you earn, putting money to work, limiting debt, continuously educating yourself, understanding risk, diversifying income sources, maximizing employment benefits, paying attention to taxes, and planning for unexpected expenses. Additionally, it provides principles from Money Boss such as taking responsibility for your circumstances, prioritizing savings, focusing on both small and large financial wins, and balancing spending and saving.
Entrepreneurship Introduction Part 4 - Career OpportunitiesFranciz Panganiban
This document provides information about various career opportunities for those interested in entrepreneurship, including business consultant, sales manager, research and development director, fundraiser, teacher, talent recruiter, business reporter, new venture creator, and popular career titles in 21st century enterprises. It encourages readers to complete a career interest survey to evaluate which careers they may be suited for based on their interests. The document aims to help readers explore different job opportunities within entrepreneurship and assess their own career interests.
The document provides an overview of marketing concepts and approaches. It discusses the stages of marketing thought from 1900-1970, including periods of discovery, conceptualization, integration, development, reappraisal, reconception, differentiation, and socialization. Key concepts covered include the traditional and contemporary definitions of marketing, behavioral concepts relevant to marketing from various social sciences, goals of marketing like maximizing consumption and satisfaction, and contemporary marketing approaches such as the marketing mix, conceptual approach, systems approach, marketing management, macro-marketing, social marketing, and comparative marketing.
SCREEN THE PROPOSED SOLUTIONS BASED ON VIABILITY,PROFITABILITY, AND CUSTOMERS...Joace Gayrama
THINGS TO CONSIDER DURING A PRODUCT VIABILITY ANALYSIS:
1. Consider product size and weight
2. Consider product fragility
3. Consider skus
4. Consider product lifespan
Here are 7 lessons on financial literacy for students: 1. The Stock Market Game 2. Budgeting with Real-World Scenarios 3. The Entrepreneurship Challenge 4. The Credit Card Dilemma 5. The Savings and Investing Challenge
The document is an introductory module on entrepreneurship from the Department of Education of the Philippines. It discusses the relevance of entrepreneurship courses and defines key concepts. Entrepreneurship improves living standards, creates jobs, and drives economic development. Entrepreneurs take risks to establish new organizations and solutions. The module outlines learning objectives and introduces icons to guide learners through concepts.
The document is an introductory module on entrepreneurship from the Department of Education of the Philippines. It discusses the relevance of entrepreneurship courses and defines key concepts. Entrepreneurship helps develop managerial capabilities, creates organizations, improves standards of living, and means economic development. Entrepreneurs undertake risks to generate new ideas and solve problems. Factors affecting entrepreneurship include personality traits, economic conditions, and government policies.
This document outlines the syllabus for a personal finance course at Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges. It includes the course vision, mission, goals and objectives. The syllabus provides learning outcomes at the institutional, program, and course level. It also lists the various topics to be covered in the course, such as money management, financial institutions, credit, taxes and loans. For each topic, it specifies the learning outcomes, content, teaching methods, assessments and resources. The course aims to help students understand financial decision making and money management.
Financial Decision Sciences Program Paid Capital Group Older Version Pptallyn
P.A.I.D Capital Group International LLC offers financial education workshops to help students develop skills in fiscal decision making, money management, and understanding financial systems. The workshops cover topics such as the global economy, personal responsibility within the economy, and creating a financial philosophy. Sessions involve lectures, guest speakers, and interactive activities. Students learn tools for technical analysis of markets and setting goals. The objective is to empower students to make positive financial choices and develop a long-term plan for managing their lifestyle and finances.
This document provides an overview of a course on the fundamental principles of financial management for businesses. The course covers topics such as financial analysis, planning and control, investments, and personal finance. It uses a dual learning approach of combining theory and real-world applications. Students will learn to analyze financial information, evaluate investment options, and develop financial plans and programs for small businesses.
The document discusses personal entrepreneurial competencies that are common among successful entrepreneurs. It identifies 10 behavioral patterns organized into three clusters: achievement, planning, and power. The achievement cluster includes opportunity seeking, persistence, and commitment to work contracts. Opportunity seeking means having a good eye for business opportunities. Persistence means not giving up easily when facing obstacles. Commitment to work contracts involves satisfying customers and fulfilling promises.
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This document discusses the importance of educational planning and provides guidance on how to plan effectively. It outlines a 6-stage process for planning: 1) environmental scanning and data collection, 2) setting objectives, 3) generating and selecting strategies, 4) translating strategies into operational plans, 5) implementing the plan, and 6) evaluating and modifying the plan. The planning process should be systematic, realistic, sustained, and revisited annually to ensure the school can adapt to changes. Effective planning helps set priorities, respond to community needs, improve teaching quality, and provide consistency of purpose and direction.
This project proposal outlines a project-based learning module for 5th grade students at Fairview Elementary School. The module would have students study various aspects of a society such as government, banking, career choice, and business start-up over 8-12 weeks. Students would work collaboratively in groups and use technologies like blogs, VoiceThread, and Comic Life. The goals are to develop students' critical thinking, collaboration, and real-world skills while meeting state standards. Teachers would provide guidance and community experts could contribute. The proposal addresses objectives, timelines, resources, challenges, and reflections from teachers and students.
This module provides an introduction to entrepreneurship. It defines key terms like entrepreneur and entrepreneurship. It discusses the relevance of entrepreneurship including its role in economic development. It outlines the common and core competencies of successful entrepreneurs such as being innovative, risk-taking, and opportunity-seeking. The module also describes different types of entrepreneurs and career opportunities in entrepreneurship fields like business consulting, teaching, and sales. Students learn about factors that affect entrepreneurship including personality and environmental factors. The goal is for students to understand the basic concepts and principles of entrepreneurship.
OrgMan_Module 1_Meaning, Functions, Types and Theories of Management- Bautist...AbegailBautista8
This module discusses the meaning, functions, and theories of management. It defines management as the process of coordinating activities to achieve organizational goals. The main functions of management are planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Understanding management helps organizations run effectively and achieve their objectives.
This document provides session guides for a module on starting a business. The session guides are for three lessons: 1) Becoming a Successful Entrepreneur, 2) Advantages and Disadvantages of Entrepreneurship, and 3) Developing Entrepreneurial Skills. Each session guide outlines the objectives, materials, procedures including introductory activities, analysis, application activities and evaluations for learners. The document aims to help learners develop entrepreneurial skills and competencies through guided learning activities.
MEDIA-INFORMATION-LITERACY11_12-Q1-M1-W5.pdfDELA GENTE CIV
This document discusses different sources of media and information. It begins by outlining Republic Act 8293 which states that no copyright exists for works produced by the Philippine government, but prior approval is still needed to use them for profit. It then notes that borrowed materials like songs and photos belong to their respective copyright holders. The document provides an overview of different types of information sources like libraries, indigenous knowledge, books, newspapers, magazines, academic journals, and the internet. It also presents criteria for evaluating information, focusing on accuracy, relevance, currentness, authority, and fairness.
KALYAN MATKA | MATKA RESULT | KALYAN MATKA TIPS | SATTA MATKA | MATKA.COM | MATKA PANA JODI TODAY | BATTA SATKA | MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER | MATKA RESULTS | MATKA CHART | MATKA JODI | SATTA COM | FULL RATE GAME | MATKA GAME | MATKA WAPKA | ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE | MATKA RESULT | KALYAN MATKA RESULT | DPBOSS MATKA 143 | MAIN MATKA
Boudoir photography, a genre that captures intimate and sensual images of individuals, has experienced significant transformation over the years, particularly in New York City (NYC). Known for its diversity and vibrant arts scene, NYC has been a hub for the evolution of various art forms, including boudoir photography. This article delves into the historical background, cultural significance, technological advancements, and the contemporary landscape of boudoir photography in NYC.
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka ! Fix Satta Matka ! Matka Result ! Matka Guessing ! Final Matka ! Matka Result ! Dpboss Matka ! Matka Guessing ! Satta Matta Matka 143 ! Kalyan Matka ! Satta Matka Fast Result ! Kalyan Matka Guessing ! Dpboss Matka Guessing ! Satta 143 ! Kalyan Chart ! Kalyan final ! Satta guessing ! Matka tips ! Matka 143 ! India Matka ! Matka 420 ! matka Mumbai ! Satta chart ! Indian Satta ! Satta King ! Satta 143 ! Satta batta ! Satta मटका ! Satta chart ! Matka 143 ! Matka Satta ! India Matka ! Indian Satta Matka ! Final ank
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The cherry: beauty, softness, its heart-shaped plastic has inspired artists since Antiquity. Cherries and strawberries were considered the fruits of paradise and thus represented the souls of men.
1. Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines
BUSINESS FINANCE
Module 1 - Quarter 1
Introduction to Financial
Management
WWW.GOOGLE.COM
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
www.shsph.blogspot.com
2. I
Development Team of the Module
Author: Jessa C. Herrera
Content Editor: Monina C. Raagas
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Celieto B. Magsayo, LRMS Manager; Loucile L. Paclar, Librarian II;
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Business Finance
Alternative Delivery Mode
Module 1 - Quarter 1: Introduction to Financial Management
First Edition, 2020
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3. II
BUSINESS FINANCE
Module 1 - Quarter 1
Introduction to Financial
Management
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by
educators from public and private schools, colleges, and universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of
Education at action@deped.gov.ph.
We value your feedback and recommendations.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
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5. IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Cover page II
Table of Contents IV
Overview V
General Instructions V
Lesson 1: Introduction to Financial Management 1
What I Need to Know? 1
What I Know 1
What’s In 2
What’s New? 3
What is it? 3
What’s More? 9
What I Have Learned? 10
What Can I Do? 11
Assessment 12
Additional Activities 12
Answer Key 13
References 14
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6. V
For the learners:
To be guided in achieving the
objectives of this module, do the
following:
1. Read and follow instructions
carefully.
2. Write all your ANSWERS in
your Activity Book
3. Answer the pretest before
going through the lessons.
4. Take note and record points
for clarification.
5. Compare your answers
against the key to answers
found at the end of the
module.
6. Do the activities and fully
understand each lesson.
7. Answer the self-check to
monitor what you learned in
each lesson.
8. Answer the posttest after you
have gone over all the lessons.
For the teacher:
To facilitate and ensure the students’
learning from this module, you are
encouraged to do the following:
1. Clearly communicate learning
competencies and objectives
2. Motivate through applications
and connections to real life.
3. Give applications of the theory
4. Discuss worked-out examples
5. Give time for hands-on
unguided classroom work and
discovery
6. Use formative assessment to
give feedback
7. Introduce extensions or
generalizations of concepts
8. Engage in reflection questions
9. Encourage analysis through
higher order thinking prompts
10. Provide alternative formats for
student work
11. Remind learners to write their
answers in their Philosophy
Activity Notebook
OVERVIEW
This module created to train learners to familiarize with Business Finance
with the fundamental principles, tools, and techniques of the financial operation
involved in the management of business enterprises. In answering the pre-test,
self-check exercises and post-tests, remind students to use separate sheets.
Business Finance is a specialized subject of Accounting, Business and
Management strand, which introduces the basic concepts of corporate finance and
personal finance. The lessons have been designed to give learners the opportunity
to explore the content and performance standards set for Business Finance. It will
prepare learners in applying such learnings in real life situation.
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
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7. 1
Lesson
1 INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
What I Need to Know
After going through this module, you are going to:
1. Define Finance
2. Describe who are responsible for financial management within an
organization
3. Describe the primary activities of the financial manager
4. Describe how the financial manager helps in achieving the goal of the
organization
5. Describe the role of financial institutions and markets
What I Know
Let us determine how much you already know about the definition of finance, the
activities of the financial manager, and financial institutions and markets. Take
this test.
Direction: Read each question carefully, choose the letter with the correct answer
and write your answer on the space before each number.
_____1. It is a financial intermediary handling individual savings. It receives
premium payments placed in loans or investments to accumulate funds to cover
future benefits.
A. life insurance company C. savings bank
B. commercial bank D. credit union
_____2. Which of the following is not a financial institution?
A. A pension fund C. A commercial bank
B. A newspaper publisher D. An insurance company
_____3. It is a set up so that employees of corporations or governments can receive
income after retirement.
A. life insurance company C. Savings bank
B. Pension fund D. credit union
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8. 2
_____4. It is a type of financial intermediary that pools savings of individuals and
makes them available to business and government users. Funds obtained through
the sale of shares.
A. Mutual Funds C. Savings and loans
B. Commercial banks D. Credit Union
_____5. Most businesses raise money by selling their securities in a.
A. direct placement C. public offering
B. stock exchange D. private placement
_____ 6. Which of the following is not a service provided by financial institutions.
A. Buying the businesses of customers
B. Investing customers’ savings in stocks and bonds
C. Paying savers’ interest on deposit
D. Lending money to customers
_____7. By definition, the money market involves the buying and selling of.
A. funds that mature in more than one year.
B. flows of funds.
C. stocks and bonds.
D. short-term funds.
_____8. It creates financial relationship between suppliers and users of short-term
funds.
A. financial market C. stock market
B. money market D. capital market
_____9. Firms that require funds from external sources can obtain them from
A. financial markets. C. financial institutions.
B. private placement. D. All the above.
_____10. The science and art of managing money.
A. Financial Management C. Management
B. Finance D. Personal Finance
What’s In
As a senior high student taking this subject and read this module, you will
learn to become financial literate in all aspect in life. If you are thinking that only
working individuals, entrepreneurs, businesses make financial decisions, then you
will be benefiting more from this subject than the rest. Perhaps, your first lesson is
to know that you do make financial decisions on a daily basis. Finance is every day;
I want to challenge you to get your notebook and answer these questions and give
your honest answer. How much is your monthly allowance or everyday allowance?
List all your expenses when you come in school. How much is your expense? How
much is your extra money? On the other hand, do you experience short of cash? In
addition, why? All of these questions will teach you how to manage your finances.
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9. 3
What’s New
Activity 1.1
Direction: Write the hierarchy of positions according to common organizational
structure of a company.
What is it?
Read and understand the information very well then find out how much you
can remember and how much you learned by doing the activity and assessment.
What is Finance and Financial Management?
Finance is always of great importance, be it in a business or in one's
everyday life. It is important to manage risks in business, it is equally important to
manage risks in life as well. Risk is nothing but an uncertain event that might
damage your assets and when it is financial risks, it creates loss of Finance. Some
books define Finance as the science and art of managing money. (Gitman &
Zutter, 2012)
Financial Management deals with that decisions that are supposed to
maximize the value of shareholder’s wealth (Cayanan). These decisions will
ultimately affect the markets perception of the company and influence the share
price. The goal of Financial Management is to maximize the value of shares of
stocks. Managers of a corporation are responsible for making the decisions for the
company that would lead towards shareholder’s wealth maximization.
Organizational structure of the company is important especially in the
financial aspect of the business and the particular set of people, each play a role in
the decision making of the company. See diagram below.
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10. 4
From the diagram presented, emphasized that each line is working for the
interest of the person on the line above them. Since the managers of the company
are making decisions for the interest of the board of directors and the board of
directors do the same for the interest of the shareholders, it follows the goal of
each individual in a corporate organization should have an objective of
shareholders wealth maximization.
The roles of each position identified.
1. Shareholders: The shareholders elect the Board of Directors (BOD). Each
share held is equal to one voting right. Since the shareholders elect the
BOD, their responsibility is to carry out the objectives of the
shareholders. Otherwise, they would not be elected in that position. Ask
the learners again, what objective of the shareholders is, just to refresh.
2. Board of Directors: The board of directors is the highest policy making body in a
corporation. The board’s primary responsibility is to ensure that the corporation
is operating to serve the best interest of the stockholders. The following are
among the responsibilities of the board of directors:
a. Setting policies on investments, capital structure and dividend policies.
b. Approving company’s strategies, goals and budgets.
c. Appointing and removing members of the top management including the
president.
d. Determining top management’s compensation.
e. Approving the information and other disclosures reported in the financial
statements (Cayanan, 2015)
3. President (Chief Executive Officer): The roles of a president in a
corporation may vary from one company to another. Among the
responsibilities of a president are the following:
a. Approving the information and other disclosures reported in the financial
statements. Overseeing the operations of a company and ensuring that the
strategies as approved by the board are implemented as planned.
Board of Directors
Vice President
for Marketing
President
Vice President
for Production
Vice President
for Finance
Vice President
for
Administration
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11. 5
b. Performing all areas of management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing
and controlling.
c. Representing the company in professional, social, and civic activities.
4. VP for Marketing: The following are among the responsibilities:
a. Formulating marketing strategies and plans. Directing and coordinating
company sales.
b. Performing market and competitor analysis.
c. Analyzing and evaluating the effectiveness and cost of marketing methods
applied.
d. Conducting or directing research that will allow the company identify new
marketing opportunities, e.g. variants of the existing products/services
already offered in the market.
e. Promoting good relationships with customers and distributors. (Cayanan,
2015)
5. VP for Production: The following are among the responsibilities:
a. Ensuring production meets customer demands.
b. Identifying production technology/process that minimizes production cost
and make the company cost competitive.
c. Coming up with a production plan that maximizes the utilization of the
company’s production facilities.
d. Identifying adequate and cheap raw material suppliers. (Cayanan, 2015)
6. VP for Administration: The following are among the responsibilities:
a. Coordinating the functions of administration, finance, and marketing
departments.
b. Assisting other departments in hiring employees.
c. Providing assistance in payroll preparation, payment of vendors, and
collection of receivables.
d. Determining the location and the maximum amount of office space needed
by the company. Identifying means, processes, or systems that will minimize
the operating costs of the company. (Cayanan, 2015)
The role of the VP for Finance/Financial Manager is to determine the
appropriate capital structure of the company. Capital structure refers to how
much of your total assets financed by debt and how much is financed by equity.
To be able to acquire assets, our funds must have come somewhere. If it has
bought using cash from our pockets, it has financed by equity. On the other hand,
if we used money from our borrowings, the asset bought has financed by debt.
What are the functions of Financial Managers?
1. Financing decisions- include making decisions as to how to finance long-term
investments and working capital-which deals with the day-to-day operations of the
company.
2. Investing Decisions- To minimize the probability of failure, long-term
investments have supported by a capital budgeting analysis.
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12. 6
3. Operating Decisions – deal with the daily operations of the company especially
on how to finance working capital accounts such as accounts receivable and
inventories.
4. Dividend Policies – Dividend is a part of profits that are available for
distribution, to equity shareholders. The Finance manager must decide whether the
firm should distribute all the profits or retain them or distribute a portion and
retain the balance.
OVERVIEW OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM
The financial system links the savers and the users of funds. Savings can
come from households, individuals, companies, government agencies, or any other
entity whose cash inflows are greater than their cash outflows. The financial
system through financial intermediaries provides a mechanism by which these
savings can be channeled to users of funds, borrowers, and investors.
Some of the financial instruments issued by users of funds such as the
shares of stocks and corporate bonds of publicly listed companies and the debt
securities issued by the National Government has traded.
Differentiate the Financial instruments, financial institutions and
financial markets
1. Financial institutions are companies in the financial sector that provide a
broad range of business and services including banking, insurance, and
investment management.
Identify examples of financial institutions/Intermediaries:
a. Commercial Banks - Individuals deposit funds at commercial banks,
which use the deposited funds to provide commercial loans to firms and personal
loans to individuals, and purchase debt securities issued by firms or government
agencies.
b. Insurance Companies - Individuals purchase insurance (life, property
and casualty, and health) protection with insurance premiums. The insurance
companies pool these payments and invest the proceeds in various securities until
the funds needed to pay off claims by policyholders. Because they often own large
blocks of a firm’s stocks or bonds, they frequently attempt to influence the
management of the firm to improve the firm’s performance, and ultimately, the
performance of the securities they own.
SAVERS
-Households
-Individuals
-Corporations/Companies
-Government Agencies
Financial
Intermediaries
-Banks
-Insurance Companies
-Stock Exchange
-Stock brokerage firms
-Mutual Funds
-
Users of Funds
(Borrowers/Investors)
-Households
-Individuals
-Corporations/Companies
-Government Agencies
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13. 7
c. Mutual Funds - Mutual funds owned by investment companies that
enable small investors to enjoy the benefits of investing in a diversified portfolio of
securities purchased on their behalf by professional investment managers. When
mutual funds use money from investors to invest in newly issued debt or equity
securities, they finance new investment by firms. Conversely, when they invest in
debt or equity securities already held by investors, they are transferring ownership
of the securities among investors.
d. Pension Funds - Financial institutions that receive payments from
employees and invest the proceeds on their behalf.
Other financial institutions include pension funds like Government Service
Insurance System (GSIS) and Social Security System (SSS), unit investment trust
fund (UITF), investment banks, and credit unions, among others.
2. Financial Instruments-is a real or a virtual document representing a legal
agreement involving some sort of monetary value. These can be debt securities like
corporate bonds or equity like shares of stock. When a financial instrument issued,
it gives rise to a financial asset on one hand and a financial liability or equity
instrument on the other.
a. A Financial Asset is any asset that is:
• Cash
• An equity instrument of another entity
• A contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset from another
entity.
• A contractual right to exchange instruments with another entity under
conditions that are potentially favorable. (IAS 32.11)
• Examples: Notes Receivable, Loans Receivable, Investment in Stocks,
Investment in Bonds
b. A Financial Liability is any liability that is a contractual obligation:
• To deliver cash or other financial instrument to another entity.
• To exchange financial instruments with another entity under conditions
that are potentially unfavorable. (IAS 32)
• Examples: Notes Payable, Loans Payable, Bonds Payable
c. An Equity Instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the
assets of an entity after deducting all liabilities. (IAS 32)
• Examples: Ordinary Share Capital, Preference Share Capital
• Identify common examples of Debt and Equity Instruments.
d. Debt Instruments generally have fixed returns due to fixed interest rates.
Examples of debt instruments are as follows:
• Treasury Bonds and Treasury Bills issued by the Philippine
government. These bonds and bills have usually low interest rates and have very
low risk of default since the government assures that these has been paid.
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14. 8
• Corporate Bonds issued by publicly listed companies. These bonds
usually have higher interest rates than Treasury bonds. However, these bonds are
not risk free. If the company issued the bonds goes bankrupt, the holder of the
bonds will no longer receive any return from their investment and even their
principal investment has wiped out.
e. Equity Instruments generally have varied returns based on the
performance of the issuing company. Returns from equity instruments
come from either dividends or stock price appreciation.
The following are types of equity instruments:
•Preferred Stock has priority over a common stock in terms of claims over
the assets of a company. This means that if a company has liquidated and its
assets have to be distributed, no asset be distributed to common stockholders
unless all the claims of the preferred stockholders has given. Moreover, preferred
stockholders have also priority over common stockholders in cash dividend
declaration. Dividends to preferred stockholders are usually in a fixed rate. No cash
dividends given to common stockholders unless all the dividends due to preferred
stockholders paid first. (Cayanan, 2015)
• Holders of Common Stock on the other hand are the real owners of the
company. If the company’s growth is encouraging, the common stockholders will
benefit on the growth. Moreover, during a profitable period for which a company
may decide to declare higher dividends, preferred stock will receive a fixed dividend
rate while common stockholders receive all the excess.
3. Financial Market - refers to a marketplace, where creation and trading of
financial assets, such as shares, debentures, bonds, derivatives, currencies, etc.
take place.
Classify Financial Markets into comparative groups:
- Primary vs. Secondary Markets • To raise money, users of funds will go to
a primary market to issue new securities (either debt or equity) through a
public offering or a private placement.
• The sale of new securities to the public referred to as a public offering and
the first offering of stock named an initial public offering. The sale of new
securities to one investor or a group of investors (institutional investors) is
referred to as a private placement.
• However, suppliers of funds or the holders of the securities may decide to
sell the securities that have purchased. The sale of previously owned
securities takes place in secondary markets.
• The Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE) is both a primary and secondary
market.
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15. 9
Money Markets vs. Capital Markets •Money markets are a venue wherein
securities with short-term maturities (1 year or less) are sold. They have created
because some individuals, businesses, governments, and financial institutions
have temporarily idle funds that they wish to invest in a relatively safe, interest-
bearing asset. At the same time, other individuals, businesses, governments, and
financial institutions find themselves in need of seasonal or temporary financing.
• On the other hand, securities with longer-term maturities sold in Capital
markets. The key capital market securities are bonds (long-term debt) and both
common stock and preferred stock (equity, or ownership).
The role of Financial Managers: make financing decisions that require
funding from investors in the financial markets.
What’s more?
How do we measure wealth maximization?
For example, Assume that Mr. Y bought 10 shares of Globe Telecom at PHP2, 510
each on September 9, 2010. This brings his investments to PHP25, 100. What
happens to the value of his investment if the price goes up to PHP2, 600 per share
or it goes down to PHP2, 300 per share?
Explanation: An increase of the share price to PHP2, 600 per share means that
people are willing to buy the shares for that amount. If the learners were to sell
their shares at this point, it will result to a profit of PHP90 per share or PHP900 on
their whole investment. Hence, the value of their investment increased from PHP25,
100 to PHP26, 000. Therefore, there is an increase in shareholder’s wealth.
On the other hand, a decrease in the share price to PHP2, 300 per share
means that people are only willing to buy shares for PHP2, 300. If the learners were
to sell their investment at this point, they will receive PHP23, 000 which would
result to a loss of PHP2, 100. The decrease in value of their investment leads to a
decrease in shareholder’s wealth.
Activity 1.2
Direction: Read the problem and answer it correctly. Follow the format above when
you answer.
1. ABC Company bought 10 shares of Jollibee Corporation at PHP2, 000 each on
January 9, 2012. This brings his investments to PHP20, 000. What happens to the
value of his investment if the price goes up to PHP2, 520 per share or it goes down
to PHP1, 500 per share?
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16. 10
What I Have Learned
Activity 1.3
Instruction: Think and create your own bank company name and describe the
function of Finance Manager or describe the Financial Management of your bank.
___________________________________________________________________________
(Bank name)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
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17. 11
What I Can Do
Activity 1.4
Direction: Write three examples of each circle and describe it briefly.
For example: Financial Instruments: My answer is cash-It is used for
exchange of something you want to buy (describe your answer on each circle)
Financial
Instruments
Financial
Institution
Financial
Market
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18. 12
Assessment
Directions: Write T if the statement is True and F if the statement is False.
Write your answer on the space provided
______1. High cash flow is generally associated with a higher share price whereas
higher risk tends to result in a lower share price.
______2. The wealth of corporate owners has measured by the share price of the
stock.
______3. When considering each financial decision alternative or possible action in
terms of its impact on the share price of the firm's stock, financial
managers should accept only those actions that expected to maximize
shareholder value.
______4. Stockholders expect to earn higher rates of return on investments of lower
risk and lower rates of return on investments of higher risk.
______5. Financial markets are intermediaries that channel the savings of
individuals, businesses, and government into loans or investments.
______6. Commercial banks obtain most of their funds from borrowing in the
capital markets.
______7. The money market involves trading of securities with maturities of one
year or less while the capital market involves the buying and selling of
securities with maturities for more than one year.
______8. Primary and secondary markets are markets for short-term and long-term
securities, respectively.
______9. A mutual fund is a type of financial intermediary that obtains funds
through the sale of shares and uses the proceeds to acquire bonds and
stocks issued by various business and governmental units.
______10. Credit unions are the largest type of financial intermediary handling
individual savings.
Additional Activities
Direction: Summarize the roles of individual/position (Organizational structure)
involve in the decision making of the company.
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
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21. For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Misamis Oriental
Don A.Velez St., Cagayan de Oro City
Contact number: 0917 899 2245
Email address: misamis.oriental@deped.gov.ph
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