Budget Project
Students will create a budget spreadsheet. This spreadsheet will include income from a job, as well as
expenses such as housing, a vehicle, food, etc. The budget will assume that the student is single and just out
of college. Please use these considerations when estimating your salary and payments. Exceptions are at the
discretion of Professor Botkin and must be made ahead of time.
A sample budget sheet may be found in Blackboard, but feel free to create your own in any program you like.
You must submit your budget project in Blackboard by Sunday, April 8 at 11:59 p.m. Your project MUST
include the budget sheet as well as answer all of the questions in each category. You may either type the
answers in the budget sheet or you may submit a separate document with the answers to the questions.
Rubric
Max Points Partial Credit No Points
Budget Spreadsheet (20) The student completes a
budget spreadsheet and
fills out all appropriate
information.
Incomplete/inaccurate
budget sheet
No budget sheet
Income Taxes (5) The student completes a
W-4 and VA-4 and uses
these numbers to
calculate net income.
No tax forms
Occupation (10) The student finds a job
and answers all
questions regarding their
occupation.
Missing or incorrect
information
No job
Loans (10) The student takes out at
least one loan (home or
vehicle) and provides all
information.
Missing or incorrect
information
No loans
Other categories (5
points each – 50 total)
The student accurately
estimates expenses in
each of the other
categories.
Missing or incorrect
information
No information
Conclusion (5) The student writes at
least a one-paragraph
conclusion.
No conclusion
Occupation:
Where are you going to live?
What will be your occupation?
What is a typical day like at your job?
What is the salary range for someone with that job in the city you want to live?
What education/training do you need for your job?
What will be your total debt when you get out of school/training?
Here are some excellent resources that you may use to research your chosen profession:
Collegboard.com Majors & Career Central:
http://www.collegeboard.com/student/csearch/majors_careers/index.html
Bureau of Labor Statistics: https://www.bls.gov/
Career One Stop: https://www.careerinfonet.org/Occ_Intro.asp?id=1,&nodeid=1
Military Careers: http://www.careersinthemilitary.com/
1. Complete a sample copy of a W4 form (www.irs.gov) and the state Va4 form (www.tax.virginia.gov).
2. Choose number of allowances: https://smartasset.com/taxes/tax-allowances or
https://www.irs.gov/individuals/irs-withholding-calculator
3. Complete the paycheck calculator: https://www.paycheckcity.com/calculator/salary/
A. Check date: 1/1/17
B. State: choose the one where you will live
C. Gross pay – this is the total you will make for the year before taxes/deductions
D. Gross pay type – annua ...
This document discusses budgeting for higher education and college costs. It provides information about completing a post-secondary education survey, exploring the counseling office website for college and career resources, and a timeline for applying to colleges. It also includes discussions about the costs of college, estimating expenses, developing a budget, calculating assets and deficits, and ways to reduce college tuition and other costs. Students are reminded of upcoming ACT dates and how to request transcripts.
Creating a Family/ Personal Budget: Dollars & Sense! Presentationuarkgradstudent
This document provides information about teaching a lesson on budgeting. The lesson will define key terms related to personal finance and budgeting. Students will learn how to create a budget by planning expenses, distinguishing between wants and needs, and using spreadsheets. They will understand income, expenses, and how to plan a realistic monthly budget. The goal is for students to spend less than they earn and better manage their finances by depositing savings each month.
The document is a college cost planning guide that provides information and worksheets for students to estimate their funding sources, expenses, and overall costs of attending college. It includes sections to track anticipated funding from scholarships, grants, loans, family support and personal contributions. Expenses sections include costs for tuition, housing, meals, books and various living expenses. It also provides notes on scholarships and information on the UNT Student Money Management Center as a free resource for students to learn money management skills.
The document provides information on several key federal resources for students seeking financial aid:
- Studentaid.gov is the gateway website for federal student aid and provides information on applying for college, financial aid, scholarships, career searches, and loan repayment.
- FAFSA4caster allows students to get an early estimate of their eligibility for federal student aid and become familiar with the financial aid process.
- FAFSA.gov is where students complete and submit the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) online or print worksheets. It also allows students to check the status of their application.
- The PIN website allows students and parents to apply for a Personal Identification Number to electronically
Financial Education - A Family Affair - Budgeting and College Savings Strateg...Jim Stehr
This document provides an overview of budgeting and college savings strategies. It discusses the importance of saving for higher education as part of an overall savings plan by managing a household budget. Various savings options for college are examined, including 529 college savings plans and Roth IRAs. 529 plans allow tax-free growth of contributions and qualified withdrawals for education. While considered assets for financial aid, their low costs and tax benefits are advantageous for college savings.
HEDW Regional Conference NYC - Net Price Cost Calculatorernsthe
The document summarizes the requirements for colleges to provide a net price calculator on their websites as mandated by the Higher Education Opportunity Act. It discusses SUNY's plans to develop a calculator for its 64 campuses that will provide more accurate cost estimates than the basic federal calculator. It outlines the features of SUNY's calculator, including the inputs it will use, how it will estimate expected family contribution and financial aid amounts, and what information it will display in its outputs.
A college education increases your child’s ability to think critically, advance in a career, contribute to the community and better understand the world. No wonder choosing the right college is such an important task. Your child and you must carefully consider the many aspects of a college – academic offerings, size, location, and campus life – to ensure the best possible match with his/her academic, personal and career interests. The right college choice must be affordable as well. Financial aid is available in many forms to help students meet college costs. This assistance is intended to supplement, not replace, the efforts of students and families. This guide gives parents and students the basic information needed to begin securing financial aid. It will help you find the information you need to ask the right questions and make informed decisions about managing college costs.
Source: https://ebookschoice.com/making-money-wise-college-decisions/
This document discusses budgeting for higher education and college costs. It provides information about completing a post-secondary education survey, exploring the counseling office website for college and career resources, and a timeline for applying to colleges. It also includes discussions about the costs of college, estimating expenses, developing a budget, calculating assets and deficits, and ways to reduce college tuition and other costs. Students are reminded of upcoming ACT dates and how to request transcripts.
Creating a Family/ Personal Budget: Dollars & Sense! Presentationuarkgradstudent
This document provides information about teaching a lesson on budgeting. The lesson will define key terms related to personal finance and budgeting. Students will learn how to create a budget by planning expenses, distinguishing between wants and needs, and using spreadsheets. They will understand income, expenses, and how to plan a realistic monthly budget. The goal is for students to spend less than they earn and better manage their finances by depositing savings each month.
The document is a college cost planning guide that provides information and worksheets for students to estimate their funding sources, expenses, and overall costs of attending college. It includes sections to track anticipated funding from scholarships, grants, loans, family support and personal contributions. Expenses sections include costs for tuition, housing, meals, books and various living expenses. It also provides notes on scholarships and information on the UNT Student Money Management Center as a free resource for students to learn money management skills.
The document provides information on several key federal resources for students seeking financial aid:
- Studentaid.gov is the gateway website for federal student aid and provides information on applying for college, financial aid, scholarships, career searches, and loan repayment.
- FAFSA4caster allows students to get an early estimate of their eligibility for federal student aid and become familiar with the financial aid process.
- FAFSA.gov is where students complete and submit the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) online or print worksheets. It also allows students to check the status of their application.
- The PIN website allows students and parents to apply for a Personal Identification Number to electronically
Financial Education - A Family Affair - Budgeting and College Savings Strateg...Jim Stehr
This document provides an overview of budgeting and college savings strategies. It discusses the importance of saving for higher education as part of an overall savings plan by managing a household budget. Various savings options for college are examined, including 529 college savings plans and Roth IRAs. 529 plans allow tax-free growth of contributions and qualified withdrawals for education. While considered assets for financial aid, their low costs and tax benefits are advantageous for college savings.
HEDW Regional Conference NYC - Net Price Cost Calculatorernsthe
The document summarizes the requirements for colleges to provide a net price calculator on their websites as mandated by the Higher Education Opportunity Act. It discusses SUNY's plans to develop a calculator for its 64 campuses that will provide more accurate cost estimates than the basic federal calculator. It outlines the features of SUNY's calculator, including the inputs it will use, how it will estimate expected family contribution and financial aid amounts, and what information it will display in its outputs.
A college education increases your child’s ability to think critically, advance in a career, contribute to the community and better understand the world. No wonder choosing the right college is such an important task. Your child and you must carefully consider the many aspects of a college – academic offerings, size, location, and campus life – to ensure the best possible match with his/her academic, personal and career interests. The right college choice must be affordable as well. Financial aid is available in many forms to help students meet college costs. This assistance is intended to supplement, not replace, the efforts of students and families. This guide gives parents and students the basic information needed to begin securing financial aid. It will help you find the information you need to ask the right questions and make informed decisions about managing college costs.
Source: https://ebookschoice.com/making-money-wise-college-decisions/
This document provides information to help 12th grade students pay for college. It discusses saving for college through accounts like UESP and UIDAN. It explains how to find and apply for scholarships by researching strengths and interests. It details the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) process and importance of meeting financial aid deadlines. The FAFSA determines eligibility for grants, work-study, and loans. It reviews following up after submitting the FAFSA and accepting or declining financial aid awards.
This document provides guidance on creating a budget for college students. It outlines key components of a student budget including identifying income sources, estimating expenses, and tracking spending. Expenses are divided into fixed costs like tuition and housing and more flexible categories. The document warns that credit cards can enable overspending if not used carefully and within one's budget. It provides tips for credit card management and using a budget to avoid debt.
The decision to go to college can by complicated by the financial commitment that’s involved. It can be stressful (as a family) to think of the expense, the debt piling up, and the unknown of when it comes time to repay.
With some knowledge and preparation, you can make college happen. Don’t let the cost deter you if you’re confident in the value of a college education!
This document outlines 10 steps for applying for financial aid in Rhode Island:
1. Calculate direct costs such as tuition, fees, room and board.
2. Add up any grants and scholarships (gift aid) received from each school. Subtract this gift aid from direct costs to determine how much needs to be paid directly.
3. Add up indirect costs like travel, books, and living expenses. Determine if any aid like work-study can help offset these costs.
It then provides guidance on determining resources, borrowing needs, estimated post-graduation salary, and having discussions with students on affordability.
This document provides information about the costs of attendance, financial aid process, billing, and payment options for Johnson State College. It outlines the steps students and parents should take to calculate costs, complete financial aid paperwork such as the FAFSA and verification, accept aid awards, take care of loans including entrance counseling and promissory notes, understand billing statements, and meet important payment deadlines. Key tasks discussed include finalizing financial aid, paying outstanding balances in full or setting up a payment plan by the first payment deadline of August 13th.
College Can Be Expensive - How Do You Pick the Right One?PayScale, Inc.
These days, college students have more to worry about than what classes to take next semester. Rising tuition expenses, mountains of debt, and the not-so-sunny outlook on the employment prospects of many popular career choices have increased the importance for both parents and future college students to examine their choices more thoroughly than ever before. Before mailing in the applications, use the available data wisely: research which majors have the most potential, and, more importantly, study each school’s return on investment—which is what, ultimately, you’ll earn back from your degree.
This self-paced course is designed to provide you with a basic understanding of personal financial management to help you meet life's challenges and opportunities in college and in life. Major topics covered include: financial planning; budgeting; information on the various sources of financial aid; credit use; standards of progress for financial aid eligibility; affording the loan debt that you have borrowed; using your maximum credit wisely; and retirement planning. Students will be provided with information that will enhance their knowledge and skills to assist them with making more informed decisions that are related to various practices as they pursue their education at Madison College.
This document provides an overview of a financial well-being workshop for students. It defines important financial terms, explains concepts like budgets, loans, grants and scholarships. It also discusses building credit and maintaining financial well-being. The workshop aims to help students develop skills to manage their finances and avoid unnecessary debt while in college and beyond.
The document provides information from an orientation for the Class of 2019 at Fairfield University. It includes presentations from various university departments on financial planning, financial aid, textbooks, the bookstore, and information technology support. The Office of the Bursar discusses billing statements, payment plans, and important due dates. Financial Aid reviews the application process, loans, and deadlines. The bookstore explains textbook purchasing options and additional merchandise. Information Technology Services introduces the IT help desk services available to students.
This document provides information about financial aid processes at Johnson State College (JSC). It discusses calculating cost of attendance, financial aid deadlines and to-do lists, accepting aid awards, completing entrance counseling and promissory notes, payment options including payment plans, health insurance requirements, and contact information for help. Key deadlines mentioned are August 12th to finalize payments or payment plans to avoid late fees, and September 30th to decline health insurance. The document emphasizes communication between students and parents and stresses the importance of meeting deadlines and regularly checking student email.
Financial Aid at Simpson University - Fall-2010suweb
Financing your education at Simpson University involves filing out the FAFSA annually, taking out student loans like subsidized or unsubsidized federal Stafford loans, and then accepting your financial aid award online by requesting loans and completing entrance counseling and a master promissory note. The financial aid office then disburses aid to student accounts and issues refund checks for any credit balances.
This document provides a budget worksheet to help users track their expenses over one month and then create a realistic budget based on that data. It includes instructions on tracking income and expenses in column A, creating a budget in column B, and calculating the difference in column C. Expense categories cover housing, food, transportation, insurance, debts, children, education, entertainment, giving, and savings. Tracking past expenses is recommended to make an accurate budget that avoids overspending.
This summary provides an overview of a webinar on conducting a financial check-up:
1) The webinar introduces various online tools and worksheets that can be used to assess financial wellness, including quizzes, calculators for net worth, cash flow, goals, and insurance needs.
2) Metrics like financial ratios, spending plans, credit reports, tax situations, retirement savings, and investment performance are reviewed as part of a full financial check-up.
3) Conducting regular check-ups can help clients identify strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities to improve their "financial fitness" over time. The tools and process outlined aim to properly evaluate clients' financial wellness.
Answers to questions from the paying for post secondary expenses part 1 webin...Barbara O'Neill
The document provides answers to 10 questions about financing post-secondary education expenses. It discusses options for refinancing student loan debt, using the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program, saving in 529 college savings plans and Coverdell ESAs, the impact of grandparent-owned 529 plans on financial aid eligibility, the tax benefits of gifts to 529 plans and trusts, and what qualifies as an educational expense for tax benefits. The answers provide details and cite additional resources for more information.
December 2014 Student Loan Seminar PresentationKristina Flores
Prospera Credit Union (https://myprospera.com) is a local credit union that now serves a four-county area and is strong enough to provide you with everything you need, yet small enough to know you personally and care about your and your family's prosperity. When you choose Prosepra, you become a member, not just a customer. Part of a family. A family that works together for everyone's benefit.
Prospera Credit Union's history dates back as far as 1934, when it was officially opened for business under the Banta Credit Union name. Over the years, the number of people eligible to join was expanded to include nearby counties and communities. In 2002, the name was changed to Prospera, but, our basic promise to our members has always been the same.
What's your LIFEstage?
We provide personal, tailored guidance that leads to prosperity for all our members. (https://myprospera.com/lifestages)
Starting On Your Own
Singles
Couples
Parenting Young Children
Parenting with Teenagers
Empty Nesters
Retireees
Divorce
Widow / Widower
Our services include:
Home Loans, Home Loan Rates and Current Mortgage Rates
Home Equity Loans
Auto Title Loans as well as Boat and RV Loans
Credit Cards
Personal Loans
Protection Plans
Loan Appllications
Free Bill Pay
Interest Bearing Checking
Overdraft Protection
Automatic Overdraft Transfer
Team and Club Community Checking
Share Savings
CDs, IRAs & Money Markets
Checking, Savins, CD and Money Markets
Investment Products and Services
Business Rates
Auto Calculators
Mortgage Calculators
Looking for a way to contact us? Please call us at 920-882-4800 or fill out the below contact form on our website (https://myprospera.com/contact-us)
Come visit us at one of our four locations:
Appleton Branch - 4830 N. Ballard Rd. Appleton, WI 54913
Neenah Location - 934 S. Green Bay Rd. Neenah, WI 54956
Menasha Location - 849 Warsaw St. Menasha, WI 54952
Darboy Location - N9660 County Rd. N Appleton, WI 54915
2013 Case - University 101 - Economics of Choosing CollegeTyrone Scott
- The document discusses the importance of considering the economics and costs of choosing a college, including financing options like scholarships, loans, grants, and family support. It also addresses factors like the cost of staying local versus going away for school.
- Students are advised to create a monthly budget in college to manage expenses like housing, food, and other fixed/variable costs. Working while in school through part-time jobs, internships, or work-study can help offset costs.
- Proper financial planning and researching all funding options is key to making an informed decision about college and avoiding debt issues after graduation.
This document outlines a personal finance workshop that teaches participants how to create and manage a budget. It discusses the importance of setting financial goals and tracking income and expenses, categorizing fixed and variable costs, and understanding take-home pay after taxes. Participants engage in activities like recording their own spending, analyzing sample budgets, and creating a budget to meet hypothetical financial goals based on a case study income scenario. The goal is for participants to learn budgeting strategies to help achieve their own savings objectives.
(APA 6th Edition Formatting and Style Guide)
Office of Graduate Studies
Alcorn State University
Engaging Possibilities, Pursuing Excellence
REVISED May 23, 2018
THESIS MANUAL
Graduates
2
COPYRIGHT PRIVILEGES
BELONG TO
OFFICE OF GRADUATE STUDIES
ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY, LORMAN, MS
Reproduction for distribution of this THESIS MANUAL requires the written permission of the
Provost and Executive Vice President for Academic Affairs or Graduate Studies Administrator.
FOREWORD
Alcorn State University Office of Graduate Studies requires that all students comply with the
specifications given in this document in the publication of a thesis or non-thesis research project.
Graduate students, under faculty guidance, are expected to produce scholarly work either in the
form of a thesis or a scholarly research project.
The thesis (master or specialist) should document the student's research study and maintain a
degree of intensity.
The purpose of this manual is to assist the graduate student and the graduate thesis advisory
committee in each department with the instructions contained herein. This is the official
approved manual by the Graduate Division.
Formatting questions not addressed in these guidelines should be directed to the Graduate School
staff in the Walter Washington Administration Building, Suite 519 or by phone at
601.877.6122 or via email: [email protected] or in person.
The Graduate Studies
Thesis Advisory Committee
(Revised Spring 2018)
mailto:[email protected]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 3
SELECTION AND APPOINTMENT OF THESIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE ......................... 4
1. Early Topic Selection ......................................................................................................... 4
2. Selection of Thesis Chair ......................................................................................................... 4
3. Selection of Thesis Committee Members .......................................................................... 4
4. Appointment of Thesis Advisory Committee Form .......................................................... 4
5. Invitation to Prospective Committee Members ................................................................. 5
6. TAC Committee Selection ................................................................................................. 5
CHOICE OF SUBJECT .................................................................................................................... 5
PROPOSAL DEFENSE AND SUBMISSION OF PROPOSAL TO IRB ..................................... 5
PARTS OF THE MANUSCRIPT: PRELIMINARY PAGES ..................................................... 8
1. Title Page .
(a) Thrasymachus’ (the sophist’s) definition of Justice or Right o.docxAASTHA76
(a) Thrasymachus’ (the sophist’s) definition of Justice or Right or Right Doing/Living is “The Interest of the Stronger (Might makes Right).” How does Socrates refute this definition? (cite just
one
of his arguments) [cf:
The Republic
, 30-40, Unit 1 Lecture Video]
(b) According to Socrates, what is the true definition of Justice or Right? [cf:
The Republic
, 141-42, Unit 2 Lecture Video]
(c) And why therefore is the Just life far preferable to the Unjust life (142-43)?
(a) The Allegory of the CAVE (the main metaphor of western philosophy) is an illustration of the Divided LINE.
Characterize
the Two Worlds, and the move/ascent from one to the other (exiting the CAVE, crossing the Divided LINE)—which is alone the true meaning of Education and the only way to become Just, Right, and Immortal. [cf:
The Republic
, 227-232, Unit 3 Lecture Video]
(b) How do the philosophical Studies of
Arithmetic
(number) and
Dialectic
take you above the Divided Line and out of the changing sense-world of illusion (the CAVE) into Reality and make you use your Reason (pure thought) instead of your senses? [cf:
The Republic
, 235-37, 240-42, 250-55. Unit 4 Lecture Video (transcript)]
Give a summary of the
Proof of the Force
(Why there is the “Universe,” “Man,” “God,” “History,” etc)? Start with, “Can there be
nothing
?” [cf: TJH 78-95, Unit 2 Lecture Video]
NIETZSCHE is the crucial Jedi philosopher who provides the “bridge” between negative and positive Postmodernity by focusing on a certain “Problem” and the “
Solution
” to it.
(a) Discuss
2
of the following items (
1
pertaining to the Problem,
1
pertaining to the
.
More Related Content
Similar to Budget Project Students will create a budget spreadshee.docx
This document provides information to help 12th grade students pay for college. It discusses saving for college through accounts like UESP and UIDAN. It explains how to find and apply for scholarships by researching strengths and interests. It details the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) process and importance of meeting financial aid deadlines. The FAFSA determines eligibility for grants, work-study, and loans. It reviews following up after submitting the FAFSA and accepting or declining financial aid awards.
This document provides guidance on creating a budget for college students. It outlines key components of a student budget including identifying income sources, estimating expenses, and tracking spending. Expenses are divided into fixed costs like tuition and housing and more flexible categories. The document warns that credit cards can enable overspending if not used carefully and within one's budget. It provides tips for credit card management and using a budget to avoid debt.
The decision to go to college can by complicated by the financial commitment that’s involved. It can be stressful (as a family) to think of the expense, the debt piling up, and the unknown of when it comes time to repay.
With some knowledge and preparation, you can make college happen. Don’t let the cost deter you if you’re confident in the value of a college education!
This document outlines 10 steps for applying for financial aid in Rhode Island:
1. Calculate direct costs such as tuition, fees, room and board.
2. Add up any grants and scholarships (gift aid) received from each school. Subtract this gift aid from direct costs to determine how much needs to be paid directly.
3. Add up indirect costs like travel, books, and living expenses. Determine if any aid like work-study can help offset these costs.
It then provides guidance on determining resources, borrowing needs, estimated post-graduation salary, and having discussions with students on affordability.
This document provides information about the costs of attendance, financial aid process, billing, and payment options for Johnson State College. It outlines the steps students and parents should take to calculate costs, complete financial aid paperwork such as the FAFSA and verification, accept aid awards, take care of loans including entrance counseling and promissory notes, understand billing statements, and meet important payment deadlines. Key tasks discussed include finalizing financial aid, paying outstanding balances in full or setting up a payment plan by the first payment deadline of August 13th.
College Can Be Expensive - How Do You Pick the Right One?PayScale, Inc.
These days, college students have more to worry about than what classes to take next semester. Rising tuition expenses, mountains of debt, and the not-so-sunny outlook on the employment prospects of many popular career choices have increased the importance for both parents and future college students to examine their choices more thoroughly than ever before. Before mailing in the applications, use the available data wisely: research which majors have the most potential, and, more importantly, study each school’s return on investment—which is what, ultimately, you’ll earn back from your degree.
This self-paced course is designed to provide you with a basic understanding of personal financial management to help you meet life's challenges and opportunities in college and in life. Major topics covered include: financial planning; budgeting; information on the various sources of financial aid; credit use; standards of progress for financial aid eligibility; affording the loan debt that you have borrowed; using your maximum credit wisely; and retirement planning. Students will be provided with information that will enhance their knowledge and skills to assist them with making more informed decisions that are related to various practices as they pursue their education at Madison College.
This document provides an overview of a financial well-being workshop for students. It defines important financial terms, explains concepts like budgets, loans, grants and scholarships. It also discusses building credit and maintaining financial well-being. The workshop aims to help students develop skills to manage their finances and avoid unnecessary debt while in college and beyond.
The document provides information from an orientation for the Class of 2019 at Fairfield University. It includes presentations from various university departments on financial planning, financial aid, textbooks, the bookstore, and information technology support. The Office of the Bursar discusses billing statements, payment plans, and important due dates. Financial Aid reviews the application process, loans, and deadlines. The bookstore explains textbook purchasing options and additional merchandise. Information Technology Services introduces the IT help desk services available to students.
This document provides information about financial aid processes at Johnson State College (JSC). It discusses calculating cost of attendance, financial aid deadlines and to-do lists, accepting aid awards, completing entrance counseling and promissory notes, payment options including payment plans, health insurance requirements, and contact information for help. Key deadlines mentioned are August 12th to finalize payments or payment plans to avoid late fees, and September 30th to decline health insurance. The document emphasizes communication between students and parents and stresses the importance of meeting deadlines and regularly checking student email.
Financial Aid at Simpson University - Fall-2010suweb
Financing your education at Simpson University involves filing out the FAFSA annually, taking out student loans like subsidized or unsubsidized federal Stafford loans, and then accepting your financial aid award online by requesting loans and completing entrance counseling and a master promissory note. The financial aid office then disburses aid to student accounts and issues refund checks for any credit balances.
This document provides a budget worksheet to help users track their expenses over one month and then create a realistic budget based on that data. It includes instructions on tracking income and expenses in column A, creating a budget in column B, and calculating the difference in column C. Expense categories cover housing, food, transportation, insurance, debts, children, education, entertainment, giving, and savings. Tracking past expenses is recommended to make an accurate budget that avoids overspending.
This summary provides an overview of a webinar on conducting a financial check-up:
1) The webinar introduces various online tools and worksheets that can be used to assess financial wellness, including quizzes, calculators for net worth, cash flow, goals, and insurance needs.
2) Metrics like financial ratios, spending plans, credit reports, tax situations, retirement savings, and investment performance are reviewed as part of a full financial check-up.
3) Conducting regular check-ups can help clients identify strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities to improve their "financial fitness" over time. The tools and process outlined aim to properly evaluate clients' financial wellness.
Answers to questions from the paying for post secondary expenses part 1 webin...Barbara O'Neill
The document provides answers to 10 questions about financing post-secondary education expenses. It discusses options for refinancing student loan debt, using the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program, saving in 529 college savings plans and Coverdell ESAs, the impact of grandparent-owned 529 plans on financial aid eligibility, the tax benefits of gifts to 529 plans and trusts, and what qualifies as an educational expense for tax benefits. The answers provide details and cite additional resources for more information.
December 2014 Student Loan Seminar PresentationKristina Flores
Prospera Credit Union (https://myprospera.com) is a local credit union that now serves a four-county area and is strong enough to provide you with everything you need, yet small enough to know you personally and care about your and your family's prosperity. When you choose Prosepra, you become a member, not just a customer. Part of a family. A family that works together for everyone's benefit.
Prospera Credit Union's history dates back as far as 1934, when it was officially opened for business under the Banta Credit Union name. Over the years, the number of people eligible to join was expanded to include nearby counties and communities. In 2002, the name was changed to Prospera, but, our basic promise to our members has always been the same.
What's your LIFEstage?
We provide personal, tailored guidance that leads to prosperity for all our members. (https://myprospera.com/lifestages)
Starting On Your Own
Singles
Couples
Parenting Young Children
Parenting with Teenagers
Empty Nesters
Retireees
Divorce
Widow / Widower
Our services include:
Home Loans, Home Loan Rates and Current Mortgage Rates
Home Equity Loans
Auto Title Loans as well as Boat and RV Loans
Credit Cards
Personal Loans
Protection Plans
Loan Appllications
Free Bill Pay
Interest Bearing Checking
Overdraft Protection
Automatic Overdraft Transfer
Team and Club Community Checking
Share Savings
CDs, IRAs & Money Markets
Checking, Savins, CD and Money Markets
Investment Products and Services
Business Rates
Auto Calculators
Mortgage Calculators
Looking for a way to contact us? Please call us at 920-882-4800 or fill out the below contact form on our website (https://myprospera.com/contact-us)
Come visit us at one of our four locations:
Appleton Branch - 4830 N. Ballard Rd. Appleton, WI 54913
Neenah Location - 934 S. Green Bay Rd. Neenah, WI 54956
Menasha Location - 849 Warsaw St. Menasha, WI 54952
Darboy Location - N9660 County Rd. N Appleton, WI 54915
2013 Case - University 101 - Economics of Choosing CollegeTyrone Scott
- The document discusses the importance of considering the economics and costs of choosing a college, including financing options like scholarships, loans, grants, and family support. It also addresses factors like the cost of staying local versus going away for school.
- Students are advised to create a monthly budget in college to manage expenses like housing, food, and other fixed/variable costs. Working while in school through part-time jobs, internships, or work-study can help offset costs.
- Proper financial planning and researching all funding options is key to making an informed decision about college and avoiding debt issues after graduation.
This document outlines a personal finance workshop that teaches participants how to create and manage a budget. It discusses the importance of setting financial goals and tracking income and expenses, categorizing fixed and variable costs, and understanding take-home pay after taxes. Participants engage in activities like recording their own spending, analyzing sample budgets, and creating a budget to meet hypothetical financial goals based on a case study income scenario. The goal is for participants to learn budgeting strategies to help achieve their own savings objectives.
(APA 6th Edition Formatting and Style Guide)
Office of Graduate Studies
Alcorn State University
Engaging Possibilities, Pursuing Excellence
REVISED May 23, 2018
THESIS MANUAL
Graduates
2
COPYRIGHT PRIVILEGES
BELONG TO
OFFICE OF GRADUATE STUDIES
ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY, LORMAN, MS
Reproduction for distribution of this THESIS MANUAL requires the written permission of the
Provost and Executive Vice President for Academic Affairs or Graduate Studies Administrator.
FOREWORD
Alcorn State University Office of Graduate Studies requires that all students comply with the
specifications given in this document in the publication of a thesis or non-thesis research project.
Graduate students, under faculty guidance, are expected to produce scholarly work either in the
form of a thesis or a scholarly research project.
The thesis (master or specialist) should document the student's research study and maintain a
degree of intensity.
The purpose of this manual is to assist the graduate student and the graduate thesis advisory
committee in each department with the instructions contained herein. This is the official
approved manual by the Graduate Division.
Formatting questions not addressed in these guidelines should be directed to the Graduate School
staff in the Walter Washington Administration Building, Suite 519 or by phone at
601.877.6122 or via email: [email protected] or in person.
The Graduate Studies
Thesis Advisory Committee
(Revised Spring 2018)
mailto:[email protected]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 3
SELECTION AND APPOINTMENT OF THESIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE ......................... 4
1. Early Topic Selection ......................................................................................................... 4
2. Selection of Thesis Chair ......................................................................................................... 4
3. Selection of Thesis Committee Members .......................................................................... 4
4. Appointment of Thesis Advisory Committee Form .......................................................... 4
5. Invitation to Prospective Committee Members ................................................................. 5
6. TAC Committee Selection ................................................................................................. 5
CHOICE OF SUBJECT .................................................................................................................... 5
PROPOSAL DEFENSE AND SUBMISSION OF PROPOSAL TO IRB ..................................... 5
PARTS OF THE MANUSCRIPT: PRELIMINARY PAGES ..................................................... 8
1. Title Page .
(a) Thrasymachus’ (the sophist’s) definition of Justice or Right o.docxAASTHA76
(a) Thrasymachus’ (the sophist’s) definition of Justice or Right or Right Doing/Living is “The Interest of the Stronger (Might makes Right).” How does Socrates refute this definition? (cite just
one
of his arguments) [cf:
The Republic
, 30-40, Unit 1 Lecture Video]
(b) According to Socrates, what is the true definition of Justice or Right? [cf:
The Republic
, 141-42, Unit 2 Lecture Video]
(c) And why therefore is the Just life far preferable to the Unjust life (142-43)?
(a) The Allegory of the CAVE (the main metaphor of western philosophy) is an illustration of the Divided LINE.
Characterize
the Two Worlds, and the move/ascent from one to the other (exiting the CAVE, crossing the Divided LINE)—which is alone the true meaning of Education and the only way to become Just, Right, and Immortal. [cf:
The Republic
, 227-232, Unit 3 Lecture Video]
(b) How do the philosophical Studies of
Arithmetic
(number) and
Dialectic
take you above the Divided Line and out of the changing sense-world of illusion (the CAVE) into Reality and make you use your Reason (pure thought) instead of your senses? [cf:
The Republic
, 235-37, 240-42, 250-55. Unit 4 Lecture Video (transcript)]
Give a summary of the
Proof of the Force
(Why there is the “Universe,” “Man,” “God,” “History,” etc)? Start with, “Can there be
nothing
?” [cf: TJH 78-95, Unit 2 Lecture Video]
NIETZSCHE is the crucial Jedi philosopher who provides the “bridge” between negative and positive Postmodernity by focusing on a certain “Problem” and the “
Solution
” to it.
(a) Discuss
2
of the following items (
1
pertaining to the Problem,
1
pertaining to the
.
(Glossary of Telemedicine and eHealth)· Teleconsultation Cons.docxAASTHA76
(Glossary of Telemedicine and eHealth)
· Teleconsultation: Consultation between a provider and specialist at distance using either store and forward telemedicine or real time videoconferencing.
· Telehealth and Telemedicine: Telemedicine is the use of medical information exchanged from one site to another via electronic communications to improve patients' health status. Closely associated with telemedicine is the term "telehealth," which is often used to encompass a broader definition of remote healthcare that does not always involve clinical services. Videoconferencing, transmission of still images, e-health including patient portals, remote monitoring of vital signs, continuing medical education and nursing call centers are all considered part of telemedicine and telehealth. Telemedicine is not a separate medical specialty. Products and services related to telemedicine are often part of a larger investment by health care institutions in either information technology or the delivery of clinical care. Even in the reimbursement fee structure, there is usually no distinction made between services provided on site and those provided through telemedicine and often no separate coding required for billing of remote services. Telemedicine encompasses different types of programs and services provided for the patient. Each component involves different providers and consumers.
· TeleICU: TeleICU is a collaborative, interprofessional model focusing on the care of critically ill patients using telehealth technologies.
· Telemonitoring: The process of using audio, video, and other telecommunications and electronic information processing technologies to monitor the health status of a patient from a distance.
· Telemonitoring: The process of using audio, video, and other telecommunications and electronic information processing technologies to monitor the health status of a patient from a distance.
· Clinical Decision Support System (CCDS): Systems (usually electronically based and interactive) that provide clinicians, staff, patients, and other individuals with knowledge and person-specific information, intelligently filtered and presented at appropriate times, to enhance health and health care. (http://healthit.ahrq.gov/images/jun09cdsreview/09_0069_ef.html)
· e-Prescribing: The electronic generation, transmission and filling of a medical prescription, as opposed to traditional paper and faxed prescriptions. E-prescribing allows for qualified healthcare personnel to transmit a new prescription or renewal authorization to a community or mail-order pharmacy.
· Home Health Care and Remote Monitoring Systems: Care provided to individuals and families in their place of residence for promoting, maintaining, or restoring health or for minimizing the effects of disability and illness, including terminal illness. In the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey and Medicare claims and enrollment data, home health care refers to home visits by professionals including nu.
(Assmt 1; Week 3 paper) Using ecree Doing the paper and s.docxAASTHA76
The document provides instructions for students on completing Assignment 1 for an online history course. It explains how to access and submit the assignment through the ecree online platform. Students are instructed to write a 2-page paper in 4 parts addressing how diversity was dealt with in America from 1865 to the 1920s. The document provides a sample paper format and emphasizes including an introduction with thesis, 3 examples supporting the thesis, consideration of an opposing view, and conclusion relating the topic to modern times. Sources must be cited within the paper and listed at the end using the SWS format.
(Image retrieved at httpswww.google.comsearchhl=en&biw=122.docxAASTHA76
(Image retrieved at https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&biw=1229&bih=568&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=fmYIW9W3G6jH5gLn7IHYAQ&q=analysis&oq=analysis&gs_l=img.3..0i67k1l2j0l5j0i67k1l2j0.967865.968569.0.969181.7.4.0.0.0.0.457.682.1j1j4-1.3.0....0...1c.1.64.img..5.2.622...0i7i30k1.0.rL9KcsvXM1U#imgrc=LU1vXlB6e2doDM: / )
ESOL 052 (Essay #__)
Steps:
1. Discuss the readings, videos, and photographs in the Truth and Lies module on Bb.
2. Select a significant/controversial photograph to analyze. (The photograph does not have to be from Bb.)
3. Choose one of the following essay questions:
a. What truth does this photograph reveal?
b. What lie does this photograph promote?
c. Why/How did people deliberately misuse this photograph and distort its true meaning?
d. Why was this photograph misinterpreted by so many people?
e. Why do so many people have different reactions to this photograph?
f. ___________________________________________________________________________?
(Students may create their own visual analysis essay question as long as it is pre-approved by the instructor.)
4. Use the OPTIC chart to brainstorm and take notes on your photograph.
5. Use a pre-writing strategy (outline, graphic organizer, etc.) to organize your ideas.
6. Using correct MLA format, write a 3-5 page essay.
7. Type a Works Cited page. (Use citationmachine.net, easybib.com, etc. to format your info.)
8. Peer and self-edit during the writing process (Bb Wiki, in/outside class).
9. Get feedback from your peers and an instructor during the writing process.
(Note: Students who visit the Writing Center and show me proof get 2 additional days to work on the assignment.)
10. Proofread/edit/revise during the writing process.
11. Put your pre-writing, essay, and Works Cited page in 1 Word document and upload it on Bb by midnight on ______. (If a student submits an essay without pre-writing or without a Works Cited page, he/she will receive a zero. If a student submits an assignment late, he/she will receive a zero. If a student plagiarizes, he/she will receive a zero.)
Purpose: Students will be able to use their reading, writing, critical thinking, and research skills to conduct a visual analysis that explores the theme of Truth and Lies.
Tone: The tone of this assignment should be formal and academic.
Language: The diction and syntax of this assignment should be formal and academic. Students should not use second person pronouns (you/your), contractions, abbreviations, slang, or any type of casual language. Students should refer to the diction and syntax guidelines in the writing packet.
Audience: The audience of this assignment is the student’s peers and instructor.
Format: MLA style (double spaced, 1 in. margins, Times New Roman 12 font, pagination, heading, title, tab for each paragraph, in-text citations, Works Cited page, hanging indents, etc.)
Requirements:
In order for a student to earn a minimum passing grade of 70% on this assignment, h.
(Dis) Placing Culture and Cultural Space Chapter 4.docxAASTHA76
(Dis) Placing Culture and Cultural Space
Chapter 4
+
Chapter Objectives
Describe the relationships among culture, place, cultural space, and identity in the context of globalization.
Explain how people use communicative practices to construct, maintain, negotiate, and hybridize cultural spaces.
Explain how cultures are simultaneously placed and displaced in the global context leading to segregated, contested and hybrid cultural spaces.
Describe the practice of bifocal vision to highlight the linkages between “here” and “there” as well as the connections between present and past.
+
Introduction
Explore the cultural and intercultural communication dimensions of place, space and location. We will examine:
The dynamic process of placing and displacing cultural space in the context of globalization.
How people use communicative practices to construct, maintain, negotiate, and hybridize cultural spaces
How segregated, contested, and hybrid cultural spaces are both shaped by the legacy of colonialism and the context of globalization.
How Hip hop culture illustrates the cultural and intercultural dimensions of place, space, and location in the context of globalization
+
Placing Culture and Cultural Space
Culture, by definition, is rooted in place with a reciprocal relationship between people and place
Culture:
“Place tilled” in Middle English
Colere : “to inhabit, care for, till, worship” in Latin
In the context of globalization, what is the relationship between culture and place?
Culture is both placed and displaced
+
Cultural Space
The communicative practices that construct meanings in, through and about particular places
Cultural space shapes verbal and nonverbal communicative practices
i.e. Classrooms, dance club, library.
Cultural spaces are constructed through the communicative practices developed and lived by people in particular places
Communicative practices include:
The languages, accents, slang, dress, artifacts, architectural design, the behaviors and patterns of interaction, the stories, the discourses and histories
How is the cultural space of your home, neighborhood, city, and state constructed through communicative practices?
+
Place, Cultural Space and Identity
Place, Culture, Identity and Difference
What’s the relationship between place and identity?
Avowed identity:
The way we see, label and make meaning about ourselves and
Ascribed identity:
The way others view, name and describe us and our group
Examples of how avowed and ascribed identities may conflict?
How is place related to standpoint and power?
Locations of enunciation:
Sites or positions from which to speak.
A platform from which to voice a perspective and be heard and/or silenced.
+
Displacing Culture and Cultural Space
(Dis) placed culture and cultural space:
A notion that captures the complex, contradictory and contested nature of cultural space and the relationship between culture and place that has emerged in the context o.
(1) Define the time value of money. Do you believe that the ave.docxAASTHA76
(1) Define the time value of money. Do you believe that the average person considers the time value of money when they make investment decisions? Please explain.
(2) Distinguish between ordinary annuities and annuities due. Also, distinguish between the future value of an annuity and the present value of an annuity.
.
(chapter taken from Learning Power)From Social Class and t.docxAASTHA76
This document summarizes Jean Anyon's observations of 5 elementary schools that served different socioeconomic classes. In working-class schools, classroom activities focused on rote memorization and following procedures without explanation of underlying concepts. Work involved copying steps and notes from the board. In contrast, more affluent schools emphasized conceptual learning, creativity, and preparing students for professional careers through activities like experiments and projects. Anyon concluded schools were preparing students for different roles in the economy and society based on their social class.
(Accessible at httpswww.hatchforgood.orgexplore102nonpro.docxAASTHA76
(Accessible at https://www.hatchforgood.org/explore/102/nonprofit-photography-ethics-and-approaches)
Nonprofit Photography: Ethics
and Approaches
Best practices and tips on ethics and approaches in
humanitarian photography for social impact.
The first moon landing. The Vietnamese ‘napalm girl’, running naked and in agony. The World
Trade Centers falling.
As we know, photography carries the power to inspire, educate, horrify and compel its viewers to
take action. Images evoke strong and often public emotions, as people frequently formulate their
opinions, judgments and behaviors in response to visual stimuli. Because of this, photography
can wield substantial control over public perception and discourse.
Moreover, photography in our digital age permits us to deliver complex information about
remote conditions which can be rapidly distributed and effortlessly processed by the viewer.
Recently, we’ve witnessed the profound impact of photography coupled with social media:
together, they have fueled political movements and brought down a corrupt government.
Photography can - and has - changed the course of history.
Ethical Considerations
Those who commission and create photography of marginalized populations to further an
organizations’ mission possess a tremendous responsibility. Careful ethical consideration should
be given to all aspects of the photography supply chain: its planning, creation, and distribution.
When planning a photography campaign, it is important to examine the motives for creating
particular images and their potential impact. Not only must a faithful, comprehensive visual
depiction of the subjects be created to avoid causing misconception, but more importantly, the
subjects’ dignity must be preserved. Words and images that elicit an emotional response by their
sheer shock value (e.g. starving, skeletal children covered in flies) are harmful because they
exploit the subjects’ condition in order to generate sympathy for increasing charitable donations
or support for a given cause. In addition to violating privacy and human rights, this so-called
'poverty porn’ is harmful to those it is trying to aid because it evokes the idea that the
marginalized are helpless and incapable of helping themselves, thereby cultivating a culture of
paternalism. Poverty porn is also detrimental because it is degrading, dishonoring and robs
people of their dignity. While it is important to illustrate the challenges of a population, one must
always strive to tell stories in a way that honors the subjects’ circumstances, and (ideally)
illustrates hope for their plight.
Legal issues
Legal issues are more clear cut when images are created or used in stable countries where legal
precedent for photography use has been established. Image use and creation becomes far more
murky and problematic in countries in which law and order is vague or even nonexistent.
Even though images created for no.
(a) The current ratio of a company is 61 and its acid-test ratio .docxAASTHA76
(a) The current ratio of a company is 6:1 and its acid-test ratio is 1:1. If the inventories and prepaid items amount to $445,500, what is the amount of current liabilities?
Current Liabilities
$
89100
(b) A company had an average inventory last year of $113,000 and its inventory turnover was 6. If sales volume and unit cost remain the same this year as last and inventory turnover is 7 this year, what will average inventory have to be during the current year? (Round answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 125.)
Average Inventory
$
96857
(c) A company has current assets of $88,800 (of which $35,960 is inventory and prepaid items) and current liabilities of $35,960. What is the current ratio? What is the acid-test ratio? If the company borrows $12,970 cash from a bank on a 120-day loan, what will its current ratio be? What will the acid-test ratio be? (Round answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 2.50.)
Current Ratio
2.47
:1
Acid Test Ratio
:1
New Current Ratio
:1
New Acid Test Ratio
:1
(d) A company has current assets of $586,700 and current liabilities of $200,100. The board of directors declares a cash dividend of $173,700. What is the current ratio after the declaration but before payment? What is the current ratio after the payment of the dividend? (Round answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 2.50.)
Current ratio after the declaration but before payment
:1
Current ratio after the payment of the dividend
:1
The following data is given:
December 31,
2015
2014
Cash
$66,000
$52,000
Accounts receivable (net)
90,000
60,000
Inventories
90,000
105,000
Plant assets (net)
380,500
320,000
Accounts payable
54,500
41,500
Salaries and wages payable
11,500
5,000
Bonds payable
70,500
70,000
8% Preferred stock, $40 par
100,000
100,000
Common stock, $10 par
120,000
90,000
Paid-in capital in excess of par
80,000
70,000
Retained earnings
190,000
160,500
Net credit sales
930,000
Cost of goods sold
735,000
Net income
81,000
Compute the following ratios: (Round answers to 2 decimal places e.g. 15.25.)
(a)
Acid-test ratio at 12/31/15
: 1
(b)
Accounts receivable turnover in 2015
times
(c)
Inventory turnover in 2015
times
(d)
Profit margin on sales in 2015
%
(e)
Return on common stock equity in 2015
%
(f)
Book value per share of common stock at 12/31/15
$
Exercise 24-4
As loan analyst for Utrillo Bank, you have been presented the following information.
Toulouse Co.
Lautrec Co.
Assets
Cash
$113,900
$311,200
Receivables
227,200
302,700
Inventories
571,200
510,700
Total current assets
912,300
1,124,600
Other assets
506,000
619,800
Total assets
$1,418,300
$1,744,400
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
$291,300
$350,400
Long-term liabilities
390,800
506,000
Capital stock and retained earnings
736,200
888,000
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$1.
(1) How does quantum cryptography eliminate the problem of eaves.docxAASTHA76
Quantum cryptography eliminates eavesdropping by using the principles of quantum mechanics, where any interception of encrypted information can be detected. However, quantum cryptography has limitations in the distance over which it can be effectively implemented and requires specialized equipment. Developments in both theoretical and applied cryptography will be influenced by advances in computing power, communication technologies, user needs for security and privacy, and socioeconomic or geopolitical factors.
#transformation
10
Event
Trends
for 2019
10 Event Trends for 2019
C O P Y R I G H T
All rights reserved. No part of this report may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means whatsoever (including presentations, short
summaries, blog posts, printed magazines, use
of images in social media posts) without express
written permission from the author, except in the
case of brief quotations (50 words maximum and
for a maximum of 2 quotations) embodied in critical
articles and reviews, and with clear reference to
the original source, including a link to the original
source at https://www.eventmanagerblog.com/10-
event-trends/. Please refer all pertinent questions
to the publisher.
page 2
https://www.eventmanagerblog.com/10-event-trends/
https://www.eventmanagerblog.com/10-event-trends/
10 Event Trends for 2019
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION page 5
TRANSFORMATION 8
10. PASSIVE ENGAGEMENT 10
9. CONTENT DESIGN 13
8. SEATING MATTERS 16
7. JOMO - THE JOY OF MISSING OUT 19
6. BETTER SAFE THAN SORRY 21
5. CAT SPONSORSHIP 23
4. SLOW TICKETING 25
3. READY TO BLOCKCHAIN 27
2. MARKETING BUDGETS SHIFTING MORE TO EVENTS 28
1. MORE THAN PLANNERS 30
ABOUT THE AUTHOR 31
CMP CREDITS 32
CREDITS AND THANKS 32
DISCLAIMER 32
page 3
INTERACTIVITY
AT THE HEART OF YOUR MEETINGS
Liven up your presentations!
EVENIUM
ConnexMe
San Francisco/Paris [email protected]
AD
https://eventmb.com/2PvIw1f
10 Event Trends for 2019
I am very glad to welcome you to the 8th edition of our annual
event trends. This is going to be a different one.
One element that made our event trends stand out from
the thousands of reports and articles on the topic is that we
don’t care about pleasing companies, pundits, suppliers, star
planners and the likes. Our only focus is you, the reader, to
help you navigate through very uncertain times.
This is why I decided to bring back this report, by far the most
popular in the industry, to its roots. 10 trends that will actually
materialize between now and November 2019, when we will
publish edition number nine.
I feel you have a lot going on, with your events I mean.
F&B, room blocks, sponsorship, marketing security, technology.
I think I failed you in previous editions. I think I gave you too
much. This report will be the most concise and strategic piece
of content you will need for next year.
If you don’t read anything else this year, it’s fine. As long as you
read the next few words.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION -
Julius Solaris
EventMB Editor
page 5
https://www.eventmanagerblog.com
10 Event Trends for 2019
How did I come up with these trends?
~ As part of this report, we reviewed 350 events. Some of the most successful
worldwide.
~ Last year we started a community with a year-long trend watch. That helped
us to constantly research new things happening in the industry.
~ We have reviewed north of 300 event technology solutions for our repor.
$10 now and $10 when complete Use resources from the required .docxAASTHA76
$10 now and $10 when complete
Use resources from the required readings or the GCU Library to create a 10‐15 slide digital presentation to be shown to your colleagues informing them of specific cultural norms and sociocultural influences affecting student learning at your school.
Choose a culture to research. State the country or countries of origin of your chosen culture and your reason for selecting it.
Include sociocultural influences on learning such as:
Religion
Dress
Cultural Norms
Food
Socialization
Gender Differences
Home Discipline
Education
Native Language
Include presenter’s notes, a title slide, in‐text citations, and a reference slide that contains three to five sources from the required readings or the GCU Library.
.
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
// Function: void parse(char *line, char **argv)
// Purpose : This function takes in a null terminated string pointed to by
// <line>. It also takes in an array of pointers to char <argv>.
// When the function returns, the string pointed to by the
// pointer <line> has ALL of its whitespace characters (space,
// tab, and newline) turned into null characters ('\0'). The
// array of pointers to chars will be modified so that the zeroth
// slot will point to the first non-null character in the string
// pointed to by <line>, the oneth slot will point to the second
// non-null character in the string pointed to by <line>, and so
// on. In other words, each subsequent pointer in argv will point
// to each subsequent "token" (characters separated by white space)
// IN the block of memory stored at the pointer <line>. Since all
// the white space is replaced by '\0', every one of these "tokens"
// pointed to by subsequent entires of argv will be a valid string
// The "last" entry in the argv array will be set to NULL. This
// will mark the end of the tokens in the string.
//
void parse(char *line, char **argv)
{
// We will assume that the input string is NULL terminated. If it
// is not, this code WILL break. The rewriting of whitespace characters
// and the updating of pointers in argv are interleaved. Basically
// we do a while loop that will go until we run out of characters in
// the string (the outer while loop that goes until '\0'). Inside
// that loop, we interleave between rewriting white space (space, tab,
// and newline) with nulls ('\0') AND just skipping over non-whitespace.
// Note that whenever we encounter a non-whitespace character, we record
// that address in the array of address at argv and increment it. When
// we run out of tokens in the string, we make the last entry in the array
// at argv NULL. This marks the end of pointers to tokens. Easy, right?
while (*line != '\0') // outer loop. keep going until the whole string is read
{ // keep moving forward the pointer into the input string until
// we encounter a non-whitespace character. While we're at it,
// turn all those whitespace characters we're seeing into null chars.
while (*line == ' ' || *line == '\t' || *line == '\n' || *line == '\r')
{ *line = '\0';
line++;
}
// If I got this far, I MUST be looking at a non-whitespace character,
// or, the beginning of a token. So, let's record the address of this
// beginning of token to the address I'm pointing at now. (Put it in *argv)
.
$ stated in thousands)Net Assets, Controlling Interest.docxAASTHA76
$ stated in thousands)
Net Assets, Controlling Interest
–
–
Net Assets, Noncontrolling Interest
AUDIT COMMITTEE
of the
Executive Board of the Boy Scouts of America
Francis R. McAllister, Chairman
David Biegler Ronald K. Migita
Dennis H. Chookaszian David Moody
Report of Independent Auditors
To the Executive Board of the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America
We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the National Council of the Boy Scouts
of America and its affiliates (the National Council), which comprise the consolidated statement of financial position
as of December 31, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of revenues, expenses, and other changes in net
assets, of functional expenses and of cash flows for the year then ended.
Management’s Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements
in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America; this includes the
design, implementation and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of
consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
Auditors’ Responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We
conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America.
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the
consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement.
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the
consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on our judgment, including the assessment of
the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making
those risk assessments, we consider internal control relevant to the National Council’s preparation and fair
presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the
circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the National Council’s
internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of
accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial sta.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
// Change the constant below to change the number of philosophers
// coming to lunch...
// This is a known GOOD solution based on the Arbitrator
// solution
#define PHILOSOPHER_COUNT 20
// Each philosopher is represented by one thread. Each thread independenly
// runs the same "think/start eating/finish eating" program.
pthread_t philosopher[PHILOSOPHER_COUNT];
// Each chopstick gets one mutex. If there are N philosophers, there are
// N chopsticks. That's the whole problem. There's not enough chopsticks
// for all of them to be eating at the same time. If they all cooperate,
// everyone can eat. If they don't... or don't know how.... well....
// philosophers are going to starve.
pthread_mutex_t chopstick[PHILOSOPHER_COUNT];
// The arbitrator solution adds a "waiter" that ensures that only pairs of
// chopsticks are grabbed. Here is the mutex for the waiter ;)
pthread_mutex_t waiter;
void *philosopher_program(int philosopher_number)
{ // In this version of the "philosopher program", the philosopher
// will think and eat forever.
while (1)
{ // Philosophers always think before they eat. They need to
// build up a bit of hunger....
//printf ("Philosopher %d is thinking\n", philosopher_number);
usleep(1);
// That was a lot of thinking.... now hungry... this
// philosopher (who knows his own number) grabs the chopsticks
// to her/his right and left. The chopstick to the left of
// philosopher N is chopstick N. The chopstick to the right
// of philosopher N is chopstick N+1
//printf ("Philosopher %d wants chopsticks\n",philosopher_number);
pthread_mutex_lock(&waiter);
pthread_mutex_lock(&chopstick[philosopher_number]);
pthread_mutex_lock(&chopstick[(philosopher_number+1)%PHILOSOPHER_COUNT]);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&waiter);
// Hurray, if I got this far I'm eating
printf ("Philosopher %d is eating\n",philosopher_number);
//usleep(1); // I spend twice as much time eating as thinking...
// typical....
// I'm done eating. Now put the chopsticks back on the table
//printf ("Philosopher %d finished eating\n",philosopher_number);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&chopstick[philosopher_number]);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&chopstick[(philosopher_number+1)%PHILOSOPHER_COUNT]);
//printf("Philosopher %d has placed chopsticks on the table\n", philosopher_number);
}
return(NULL);
}
int main()
{ int i;
srand(time(NULL));
for(i=0;i<PHILOSOPHER_COUNT;i++)
pthread_mutex_init(&chopstick[i],NULL);
pthread_mutex_init(&waiter,NULL);
for(i=0;i<PH.
#Assessment BriefDiploma of Business Eco.docxAASTHA76
#
Assessment BriefDiploma of Business Economics for Business
Credit points : 6 Prerequisites : None Co-requisites :
Subject Coordinator : Harriet Scott
Deadline : Sunday at the end of week 10 (Turnitin via CANVAS submission). Reflection due week 11 in tutorials.
ASSESSMENT TASK #3: FINAL CASE STUDY REPORT 25%
TASK DESCRIPTION
This assessment is a formal business report on a case study. Case studies will be assigned to students in the Academic and Business Communication subject. Readings on the case study are available on Canvas, in the Economics for Business subject. Students will also write a reflection on learning in tutorial classes in week 11.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
· Demonstrates understanding of microeconomic and macroeconomic concepts
· Applies economic concepts to contemporary issues and events
· Evaluates possible solutions for contemporary economic and business problems
· Communicates economic information in a business report format
INSEARCH CRICOS provider code: 00859D I UTS CRICOS provider code: 00099F INSEARCH Limited is a controlled entity of the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), a registered non-self accrediting higher education institution and a pathway provider to UTS.
1. Refer to the case study you are working on for your presentation in Academic and Business Communication. Read the news stories for your case study, found on Canvas.
2. Individually, write a business report that includes the following information:
· Description of the main issue/problem and causes
· Description of the impact on stakeholders
· Analysis of economic concepts relevant to the case study (3-5 concepts)
· Recommendations for alternate solutions to the issue/problem
3. In your week 11 tutorial, write your responses to the reflection questions provided by your tutor, describing your learning experience in this assessment.
Other Requirements Format: Business Report
· Use the Business Report format as taught in BABC001 (refer to CANVAS Help for more information)
· Write TEEL paragraphs (refer to CANVAS Help for more information)
· All work submitted must be written in your own words, using paraphrasing techniques taught in BABC001
· Check Canvas — BECO — Assessments — Final Report page and ‘Writing a report' flyer for more information
Report Presentation: You need to include:
· Cover page as taught in BABC001
· Table of contents - list headings, subheadings and page numbers
· Reference list - all paraphrased/summarised/quoted evidence should include citations; all citations should be detailed in the Reference List
Please ensure your assignment is presented professionally. Suggested structure:
· Cover page
· Table of contents (bold, font size 18)
· Executive summary (bold, font size 18)
· 1.0 Introduction (bold, font size 16)
· 2.0 Main issue (bold, font size 16)
o 2.1 Causes (italics, font size 14)
· 3.0 Stakeholders (bold, font size 16)
o 3.1 Stakeholder 1 (italics, font size 14) o 3.2 Stakeholder 2 (italics, font size 14) o 3.3 Stakeholde.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
// Prototype of FOUR functions, each for a STATE.
// The func in State 1 performs addition of "unsigned numbers" x0 and x1.
int s1_add_uintN(int x0, int x1, bool *c_flg);
// The func in State 2 performs addition of "signed numbers" x0 and x1.
int s2_add_intN(int x0, int x1, bool *v_flg);
// The func in State 3 performs subtraction of "unsigned numbers" x0 and x1.
int s3_sub_uintN(int x0, int x1, bool *c_flg);
// The func in State 3 performs subtraction of "signed numbers" x0 and x1.
int s4_sub_intN(int x0, int x1, bool *v_flg);
// We define the number of bits and the related limits of unsigned and
// and signed numbers.
#define N 5 // number of bits
#define MIN_U 0 // minimum value of unsigned N-bit number
#define MAX_U ((1 << N) - 1) // maximum value of unsigned N-bit number
#define MIN_I (-(1 << (N-1)) ) // minimum value of signed N-bit number
#define MAX_I ((1 << (N-1)) - 1) // maximum value of signed N-bit number
// We use the following three pointers to access data, which can be changed
// when the program pauses. We need to make sure to have the RAM set up
// for these addresses.
int *pIn = (int *)0x20010000U; // the value of In should be -1, 0, or 1.
int *pX0 = (int *)0x20010004U; // X0 and X1 should be N-bit integers.
int *pX1 = (int *)0x20010008U;
int main(void) {
enum progState{State1 = 1, State2, State3, State4};
enum progState cState = State1; // Current State
bool dataReady = false;
bool cFlg, vFlg;
int result;
while (1) {
dataReady = false;
// Check if the data are legitimate
while (!dataReady) {
printf("Halt program here to provide correct update of data\n");
printf("In should be -1, 0, and 1 and ");
printf("X0 and X1 should be N-bit SIGNED integers\n");
if (((-1 <= *pIn) && (*pIn <= 1)) &&
((MIN_I <= *pX0) && (*pX0 <= MAX_I)) &&
((MIN_I <= *pX1) && (*pX1 <= MAX_I))) {
dataReady = true;
}
}
printf("Your input: In = %d, X0 = %d, X1 = %d \n", *pIn, *pX0, *pX1);
switch (cState) {
case State1:
result = s1_add_uintN(*pX0, *pX1, &cFlg);
printf("State = %d, rslt = %d, Cflg = %d\n", cState, result, cFlg);
cState += *pIn;
if (cState < State1) cState += State4;
break;
case State2:
result = s2_add_intN(*pX0, *pX1, &vFlg);
printf("State = %d, rslt = %d, Vflg = %d\n", cState, result, vFlg);
cState += *pIn;
break;
case State3:
case State4:
default:
printf("Error with the program state\n");
}
}
}
int s1_add_uintN(int x0, int x1, bool *c_flg) {
if (x0 < 0) x0 = x0 + MAX_U + 1;
if.
Brand Guideline of Bashundhara A4 Paper - 2024khabri85
It outlines the basic identity elements such as symbol, logotype, colors, and typefaces. It provides examples of applying the identity to materials like letterhead, business cards, reports, folders, and websites.
Information and Communication Technology in EducationMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 2)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐂𝐓 𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
Students will be able to explain the role and impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education. They will understand how ICT tools, such as computers, the internet, and educational software, enhance learning and teaching processes. By exploring various ICT applications, students will recognize how these technologies facilitate access to information, improve communication, support collaboration, and enable personalized learning experiences.
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭:
-Students will be able to discuss what constitutes reliable sources on the internet. They will learn to identify key characteristics of trustworthy information, such as credibility, accuracy, and authority. By examining different types of online sources, students will develop skills to evaluate the reliability of websites and content, ensuring they can distinguish between reputable information and misinformation.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Budget Project Students will create a budget spreadshee.docx
1. Budget Project
Students will create a budget spreadsheet. This spreadsheet will
include income from a job, as well as
expenses such as housing, a vehicle, food, etc. The budget will
assume that the student is single and just out
of college. Please use these considerations when estimating
your salary and payments. Exceptions are at the
discretion of Professor Botkin and must be made ahead of time.
A sample budget sheet may be found in Blackboard, but feel
free to create your own in any program you like.
You must submit your budget project in Blackboard by Sunday,
April 8 at 11:59 p.m. Your project MUST
include the budget sheet as well as answer all of the questions
in each category. You may either type the
answers in the budget sheet or you may submit a separate
document with the answers to the questions.
Rubric
Max Points Partial Credit No Points
Budget Spreadsheet (20) The student completes a
2. budget spreadsheet and
fills out all appropriate
information.
Incomplete/inaccurate
budget sheet
No budget sheet
Income Taxes (5) The student completes a
W-4 and VA-4 and uses
these numbers to
calculate net income.
No tax forms
Occupation (10) The student finds a job
and answers all
questions regarding their
occupation.
Missing or incorrect
information
No job
Loans (10) The student takes out at
least one loan (home or
vehicle) and provides all
information.
Missing or incorrect
information
No loans
3. Other categories (5
points each – 50 total)
The student accurately
estimates expenses in
each of the other
categories.
Missing or incorrect
information
No information
Conclusion (5) The student writes at
least a one-paragraph
conclusion.
No conclusion
Occupation:
Where are you going to live?
What will be your occupation?
What is a typical day like at your job?
What is the salary range for someone with that job in the city
you want to live?
What education/training do you need for your job?
4. What will be your total debt when you get out of
school/training?
Here are some excellent resources that you may use to research
your chosen profession:
http://www.collegeboard.com/student/csearch/majors_careers/in
dex.html
https://www.careerinfonet.org/Occ_Intro.asp?id=1,&nodeid=1
1. Complete a sample copy of a W4 form (www.irs.gov) and the
state Va4 form (www.tax.virginia.gov).
2. Choose number of allowances:
https://smartasset.com/taxes/tax-allowances or
https://www.irs.gov/individuals/irs-withholding-calculator
3. Complete the paycheck calculator:
https://www.paycheckcity.com/calculator/salary/
A. Check date: 1/1/17
B. State: choose the one where you will live
5. C. Gross pay – this is the total you will make for the year
before taxes/deductions
D. Gross pay type – annually
E. Gross salary YTD = 0
F. Pay frequency = you choose, but make sure you state it on
your sheet
G. Federal filing status = single or married
H. # of allowances = from #2 above
I. Additional federal withholding = 0
J. Round federal withholding = no
K. Click ‘calculate’ and record below
4. Calculate paycheck:
A. Annual gross salary:
B. Monthly gross pay:
C. Federal withholding:
D. Social security withholding:
E. Medicare withholding:
F. State withholding:
G. Net pay:
7. Interest rate:
Term (years):
Down payment:
Monthly mortgage:
Monthly rent (if you’re not buying a home):
Calculate the property taxes on this property (only if you’re
buying):
http://www.tax-rates.org/property-tax-calculator
TRANSPORTATION
Will you buy/lease a vehicle or take some form of public
transportation?
**Note – you must buy either a home or a vehicle.
If public transportation, find out how much per day you will
spend:
If you’re purchasing a vehicle:
Find a vehicle to buy or lease. Give the link or print out a
copy.
Here’s a website you can use: http://www.autotrader.com/
8. Make:
Model:
Year:
Miles:
If you use Autotrader, you can calculate the monthly payment
on their website.
Total purchase price of vehicle:
Loan term (years):
Interest rate:
Down payment:
Calculate monthly payment:
http://www.trulia.com/
http://www.zillow.com/
http://www.tax-rates.org/property-tax-calculator
http://www.autotrader.com/
Calculate property taxes on the vehicle you purchased:
http://www.tax-rates.org/property-tax-calculator
How many miles is it from your home to work?
9. How many extra miles will you need for travel to family,
groceries, etc.?
How many miles/gallon does your vehicle get?
Estimate monthly gasoline costs:
STUDENT LOANS - Use the student loan calculator
http://www.finaid.org to calculate the monthly payment
on your student loans.
How much will you borrow for your entire college career?
What types of loans did/will you get? (Direct Stafford?
Subsidized or Unsubsidized? Perkins?)
For each loan (calculate the total amount you will borrow):
What is the interest rate?
How long is the term?
How much interest will you pay back at the end of the term?
What is the monthly payment?
Other:
INSURANCE-Students will need to secure insurance on the
vehicle they purchased. Explain why you chose to
go with the insurance company you did. If your vehicle is
10. financed, you cannot use the uninsured motorist fee
at DMV. ALSO students will need to secure renters insurance
for properties in their apartment in case
something happens.
CELL PHONE/TELEPHONE- Students will need a cell phone or
telephone in the apartment. Every person
should make themselves available to be contacted for personal
and professional reasons or in case of
emergency. The quickest and easiest way to make one available
to be contacted is through cell
phones/telephones.
UTILITIES- List utilities that the student will be responsible
for that are not including in the housing
arrangement. These may include, but are not limited to, cable,
online services, electricity, trash, water, and
others.
FOOD and CLOTHING- The student will be expected to
estimate a reasonable amount that they will spend on
food per month. Consider where your grocery shopping will be
done and why. What strategies will you use to
make your dollar go further? Also, the student will describe the
type of clothing that will be required for their
chosen profession. They should also estimate a monthly
11. clothing cost.
ENTERTAINMENT/MISCELLANEOUS- Students should
determine what they will do for entertainment and
other related expenses and how much it may cost them per
month. Explain why activities/hobbies are
important and why you chose to spend money on them as
opposed to other activities. Are they wise
financially? Are you saving for big purchases? Again, what
strategies will you use to make your dollar go
further?
CHILDREN- Students should calculate expenses related to
having children such as childcare, lunch money,
supplies, clothing, etc. This will not apply if you are not
having children.
http://www.tax-rates.org/property-tax-calculator
http://www.finaid.org/
PERSONAL- Students should estimate personal expenses, such
as clothing, grooming, etc.
SAVINGS- Students should consider how much money they will
set aside per month for savings. Students
should realize that they cannot possibly allow for every single
expense before they happen. Unexpected
expenses could come in the form of car repairs, medical care, or
12. sudden travel. In order to prepare for these
future costs (which are a certainty) one should put aside money
in a savings account that can be easily
accessed.
INVESTMENTS- Students should consider how much money
they will invest in retirements, stocks, bonds, etc.
Students do not have to invest any money. Students should also
research how much money will be invested
on their behalf in the profession they choose.
DONATIONS- The student must determine what charitable
giving will be a part of their budget. Though many
choose not to spend their money on charitable expenses, they
can be of some financial benefit. Charitable
expenses can be used as tax write-offs on their income taxes.
More importantly they remind the student that
no matter their profession, they are much better off than many
other people their age around the world.
Financial contributions may be to a religious institution or to
another organization. Students will research
what institution they will contribute to, list details about it, and
why it was chosen. Remember that donations
can be made in the form of time/service.
13. Conclusion & Budget Sheet
Students should complete the budget sheet, putting specific
information in the correct sheet. For example,
home loan information should be put in the sheet labeled
‘Housing.’ At the end, the student will put all
income and expenses in the first sheet labeled ‘Budget Sheet’
and will calculate income minus expenses.
The student will also go to the last sheet in the Excel file (or in
a separate document), labeled ‘Conclusion,’ and
will write at least a paragraph about what he/she learned.
Extra credit: BANK- Students can choose a bank to deposit their
salary/wages. They will tell why they have
chosen this particular bank, and they will indicate which
services they will use at the bank. Include
information on a checking account, online banking services, a
savings account, an ATM card, and credit cards.
List fees for services, interest rates, overdraft protection, and
limits on accounts. Complete a sample
application from a bank. Any pamphlets/advertisement
containing information on the financial application will
be accepted!
14. Marketing
“The activity, set of
institutions, and processes for
creating, communicating,
delivering, and exchanging
offerings that have value for
customers, clients, partners,
and society at large.”
C H A P T E R 1
What Is Marketing?
What makes a business idea work? Does it only take money?
Why are some products a huge success and similar
products a dismal failure? How was Apple, a computer
company, able to create and launch the wildly successful
iPod, yet Microsoft’s first foray into MP3 players was a total
disaster? If the size of the company and the money
behind a product’s launch were the difference, Microsoft would
have won. But for Microsoft to have won, it would
have needed something it hasn’t had in a while—good
marketing so it can produce and sell products that
consumers want.
So how does good marketing get done?
1. DEFINING MARKETING
L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E
15. 1. Define marketing and outline its components.
Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as
“the activity, set of institutions, and
processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and
exchanging offerings that have value for cus-
tomers, clients, partners, and society at large.”[1] If you read
the definition closely, you see that there are
four activities, or components, of marketing:
1. Creating. The process of collaborating with suppliers and
customers to create offerings that have
value.
2. Communicating. Broadly, describing those offerings, as well
as learning from customers.
3. Delivering. Getting those offerings to the consumer in a way
that optimizes value.
4. Exchanging. Trading value for those offerings.
However, the traditional way of viewing the components of
marketing, which emerged in the early
1950s, is based on the following four Ps:
1. Product. Goods and services (creating offerings).
2. Promotion. Communication.
3. Place. Getting the product to a point at which the customer
can purchase it (delivering).
4. Price. The monetary amount charged for the product
(exchanging).
The four Ps are called the marketing mix, meaning that a
marketing plan is a mix of these four com-
ponents. If the four Ps are the same as creating, communicating,
delivering, and exchanging, you might
be wondering why there was a change. The answer is that they
17. The net benefit a consumer
receives from a product less
the price paid for it and the
hassle or effort expended to
acquire it.
1.1 Value
Value lies at the center of everything marketing does (Figure
1.1). What does value mean?
F I G U R E 1 . 1 Value: The Center of Marketing
Marketing is composed of four activities centered on customer
value: creating, communicating, delivering, and
exchanging value.
When we use the term value, we mean the benefits buyers
receive that meet their needs. In other
words, value is what the customer gets by purchasing and
consuming a company’s offering. So, al-
though the offering is created by the company, the value is
determined by the customer.
Furthermore, our goal as marketers is to create a profitable
exchange for consumers. By profitable,
we mean that the consumer’s personal value equation is
positive. The personal value equation is
value = benefits received – (price + hassle)
Hassle is the time and effort the consumer puts into the
shopping process. The equation is a per-
sonal one because how each consumer judges the benefits of a
product will vary, as will the time and
effort he or she puts into shopping. Value, then, varies for each
consumer.
19. product innovation and
reducing production costs, as
good products appropriately
priced sell themselves.
production era
A period beginning with the
Industrial Revolution and
concluding in the 1920s in
which production-orientation
thinking dominated the way
in which firms competed.
selling orientation
A philosophy that products
must be pushed through
selling and advertising in
order for a firm to compete
successfully.
selling era
A period running from the
1920s to until after World War
II in which the selling
orientation dominated the
way firms competed.
product orientation
A philosophy that focuses on
competing through product
innovation.
20. marketing era
From 1950 to at least 1990
(see service-dominant logic
era, value era, and one-to-one
era), the dominant
philosophy among
businesses is the marketing
concept.
Value varies from customer to customer based on each
customer’s needs. The marketing
concept, a philosophy underlying all that marketers do, requires
that marketers seek to satisfy custom-
er wants and needs. Firms operating with that philosophy are
said to be market oriented. At the same
time, market-oriented firms recognize that exchange must be
profitable for the company to be success-
ful. A marketing orientation is not an excuse to fail to make
profit.
Firms don’t always embrace the marketing concept and a market
orientation. Beginning with the
Industrial Revolution in the late 1800s, companies were
production orientation. They believed that
the best way to compete was by reducing production costs. In
other words, companies thought that
good products would sell themselves. Perhaps the best example
of such a product was Henry Ford’s
Model A automobile, the first product of his production line
innovation. Ford’s production line made
the automobile cheap and affordable for just about everyone.
The production era lasted until the
1920s, when production-capacity growth began to outpace
demand growth and new strategies were
called for. There are, however, companies that still focus on
21. production as the way to compete.
From the 1920s until after World War II, companies tended to
be selling orientation, meaning
they believed it was necessary to push their products by heavily
emphasizing advertising and selling.
Consumers during the Great Depression and World War II did
not have as much money, so the com-
petition for their available dollars was stiff. The result was this
push approach during the selling era.
Companies like the Fuller Brush Company and Hoover Vacuum
began selling door-to-door and the
vacuum-cleaner salesman (they were always men) was created.
Just as with production, some compan-
ies still operate with a push focus.
In the post–World War II environment, demand for goods
increased as the economy soared.
Some products, limited in supply during World War II, were
now plentiful to the point of surplus.
Companies believed that a way to compete was to create
products different from the competition, so
many focused on product innovation. This focus on product
innovation is called the product
orientation. Companies like Procter & Gamble created many
products that served the same basic
function but with a slight twist or difference in order to appeal
to a different consumer, and as a result
products proliferated. But as consumers had many choices
available to them, companies had to find
new ways to compete. Which products were best to create? Why
create them? The answer was to create
what customers wanted, leading to the development of the
marketing concept. During this time, the
marketing concept was developed, and from about 1950 to 1990,
businesses operated in the
23. tangible and the intangible
aspects of a good or service,
but rather see a product in
terms of its total value.
service-dominant logic era
The period from 1990 to the
present in which some
believe that the philosophy
of service-dominant logic
dominates the way firms
compete.
offering
The entire bundle of a
tangible good, intangible
service, and price that
composes what a company
offers to customers.
Communicating
In marketing, a broad term
meaning describing the
offering and its value to
potential customers, as well
as learning from customers.
So what era would you say we’re in now? Some call it the value
era: a time when companies em-
phasize creating value for customers. Is that really different
from the marketing era, in which the em-
phasis was on fulfilling the marketing concept? Maybe not.
Others call today’s business environment
24. the one-to-one era, meaning that the way to compete is to build
relationships with customers one at a
time and seek to serve each customer’s needs individually. For
example, the longer you are customer of
Amazon, the more detail they gain in your purchasing habits
and the better they can target you with
offers of new products. With the advent of social media and the
empowerment of consumers through
ubiquitous information that includes consumer reviews, there is
clearly greater emphasis on meeting
customer needs. Yet is that substantially different from the
marketing concept?
Still others argue that this is the time of service-dominant logic
and that we are in the
service-dominant logic era. Service-dominant logic is an
approach to business that recognizes that
consumers want value no matter how it is delivered, whether
it’s via a product, a service, or a combina-
tion of the two. Although there is merit in this belief, there is
also merit to the value approach and the
one-to-one approach. As you will see throughout this book, all
three are intertwined. Perhaps, then, the
name for this era has yet to be devised.
Whatever era we’re in now, most historians would agree that
defining and labeling it is difficult.
Value and one-to-one are both natural extensions of the
marketing concept, so we may still be in the
marketing era. To make matters more confusing, not all
companies adopt the philosophy of the era.
For example, in the 1800s Singer and National Cash Register
adopted strategies rooted in sales, so they
operated in the selling era forty years before it existed. Some
companies are still in the selling era. Re-
cently, many considered automobile manufacturers to be in the
25. trouble they were in because they work
too hard to sell or push product and not hard enough on
delivering value.
Creating Offerings That Have Value
Marketing creates those goods and services that the company
offers at a price to its customers or cli-
ents. That entire bundle consisting of the tangible good, the
intangible service, and the price is the
company’s offering. When you compare one car to another, for
example, you can evaluate each of
these dimensions—the tangible, the intangible, and the price—
separately. However, you can’t buy one
manufacturer’s car, another manufacturer’s service, and a third
manufacturer’s price when you actually
make a choice. Together, the three make up a single firm’s
offer.
Marketing people do not create the offering alone. For example,
when the iPad was created,
Apple’s engineers were also involved in its design. Apple’s
financial personnel had to review the costs
of producing the offering and provide input on how it should be
priced. Apple’s operations group
needed to evaluate the manufacturing requirements the iPad
would need. The company’s logistics
managers had to evaluate the cost and timing of getting the
offering to retailers and consumers. Apple’s
dealers also likely provided input regarding the iPad’s service
policies and warranty structure. Market-
ing, however, has the biggest responsibility because it is
marketing’s responsibility to ensure that the
new product delivers value.
Communicating Offerings
27. rights reserved.
Created exclusively for Essa AlSaeed <[email protected]>
F I G U R E 1 . 3
Some social media sites, including Foursquare
and Facebook, allow consumers to make their
locations known to businesses when they are
nearby them. The firms can then send offers to
the consumers’ mobile phones or tablets for
immediate use.
Source: Flickr.
F I G U R E 1 . 2
A BMW X5 such as this one costs much more than a Honda
CRV, which is a similar type of vehicle. But why is the BMW
worth more? What makes up
the complete offering that creates more value?
Source: iStock 58584340
Companies use many forms of communication, including
advertising on the Web or
television, on billboards or in magazines, through product
placements in movies, and
through salespeople. Other forms of communication include
attempting to have news
media cover the company’s actions, which is part of public
relations (PR), participating
in special events such as the annual International Consumer
Electronics Show in which
Apple and other companies introduce their newest gadgets, and
29. The transaction of value,
usually economic, between a
buyer and seller.
Delivering Offerings
Marketing can’t just promise value, it also has to deliver value.
Delivering an offering that has value is
much more than simply getting the product into the hands of the
user; it is also making sure that the
user understands how to get the most out of the product and is
taken care of if he or she requires ser-
vice later. Value is delivered in part through a company’s
supply chain. The supply chain includes a
number of organizations and functions that mine, make,
assemble, or deliver materials and products
from a manufacturer to consumers. The actual group of
organizations can vary greatly from industry
to industry, and include wholesalers, transportation companies,
and retailers. Logistics, or the actual
transportation and storage of materials and products, is the
primary component of supply chain man-
agement, but there are other aspects of supply chain
management that we will discuss later.
Exchanging Offerings
In addition to creating an offering, communicating its benefits
to consumers, and delivering the offer-
ing, there is the actual transaction, or exchange, that has to
occur. In most instances, we consider the
exchange to be cash for products and services. However, if you
were to fly to Louisville, Kentucky, for
the Kentucky Derby, you could “pay” for your airline tickets
using frequent-flier miles. You could also
30. use Hilton Honors points to “pay” for your hotel, and cash back
points on your Discover card to pay
for meals. None of these transactions would actually require
cash. Other exchanges, such as informa-
tion about your preferences gathered through surveys, might not
involve cash.
When consumers acquire, consume (use), and dispose of
products and services, exchange occurs,
including during the consumption phase. For example, via
Apple’s “One-to-One” program, you can
pay a yearly fee in exchange for additional periodic product
training sessions with an Apple profession-
al. So each time a training session occurs, another transaction
takes place. A transaction also occurs
when you are finished with a product. For example, you might
sell your old iPhone to a friend, trade in
a car, or ask the Salvation Army to pick up your old
refrigerator.
Disposing of products has become an important ecological
issue. Batteries and other components
of cell phones, computers, and high-tech appliances can be very
harmful to the environment, and many
consumers don’t know how to dispose of these products
properly. Some companies, such as Office De-
pot, have created recycling centers to which customers can take
their old electronics.
Apple has a Web page where consumers can fill out a form,
print it, and ship it along with their old
cell phones and MP3 players to Apple. Apple then pulls out the
materials that are recyclable and prop-
erly disposes of those that aren’t. By lessening the hassle
associated with disposing of products, Office
Depot and Apple add value to their product offerings.
32. L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E
1. Describe how the various institutions and entities that engage
in marketing use marketing to
deliver value.
The short answer to the question of who does marketing is
“everybody!” But that answer is a bit glib
and not too useful. Let’s take a moment and consider how
different types of organizations engage in
marketing.
2.1 For-Profit Companies
The obvious answer to the question, “Who does marketing?” is
for-profit companies like McDonald’s,
Procter & Gamble (the makers of Tide detergent and Crest
toothpaste), and Walmart. For example,
McDonald’s creates a new breakfast chicken sandwich for $1.99
(the offering), launches a television
campaign (communicating), makes the sandwiches available on
certain dates (delivering), and then
sells them in its stores (exchanging). When Procter & Gamble
(or P&G for short) creates a new Crest
tartar control toothpaste, it launches a direct mail campaign in
which it sends information and samples
to dentists to offer to their patients. P&G then sells the
toothpaste through retailers like Walmart,
which has a panel of consumers sample the product and provide
feedback through an online com-
munity. These are all examples of marketing activities.
For-profit companies can be defined by the nature of their
customers. A B2C (business-to-con-
sumer) company like P&G sells products to be used by
consumers like you, while a B2B (business-to-
business) company sells products to be used within another
33. company’s operations, as well as by gov-
ernment agencies and entities. To be sure, P&G sells toothpaste
to other companies like Walmart (and
probably to the army, prisons, and other government agencies),
but the end user is an individual
person.
Other ways to categorize companies that engage in marketing is
by the functions they fulfill. P&G
is a manufacturer, Walmart is a retailer, and Grocery Supply
Company is a wholesaler of grocery items
and buys from companies like P&G in order to sell to small
convenience store chains. Though they
have different functions, all these types of for-profit companies
engage in marketing activities. Wal-
mart, for example, advertises to consumers. Grocery Supply
Company salespeople will call on conveni-
ence store owners and take orders, as well as build in-store
displays. P&G might help Walmart or Gro-
cery Supply Company with templates for advertising or special
cartons to use in an in-store display, but
all the companies are using marketing to help sell P&G’s
toothpaste.
Similarly, all the companies engage in dialogues with their
customers in order to understand what
to sell. For Walmart and Grocery Supply, the dialogue may
result in changing what they buy and sell;
for P&G, such customer feedback may yield a new product or a
change in pricing strategy.
2.2 Nonprofit Organizations
Nonprofit organizations also engage in marketing. When the
American Heart Association (AHA) cre-
ated a heart-healthy diet for people with high blood pressure, it
bound the diet into a small book, along
35. rights reserved.
Created exclusively for Essa AlSaeed <[email protected]>
social marketing
Marketing conducted in an
effort to achieve social
change.
interests in joining the army; another was a program aimed at
encouraging spouses of military person-
nel to access counseling services when their spouse is serving
overseas.
Similarly, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) runs a
number of advertising campaigns
designed to promote environmentally friendly activities. One
such campaign promoted the responsible
disposal of motor oil instead of simply pouring it on the ground
or into a storm sewer.
There is a difference between these two types of activities.
When the army is promoting the be-
nefits of enlisting, it hopes young men and women will join the
army. By contrast, when the EPA runs
commercials about how to properly dispose of motor oil, it
hopes to change people’s attitudes and be-
haviors so that social change occurs. Marketing conducted in an
effort to achieve certain social object-
ives can be done by government agencies, nonprofit institutions,
religious organizations, and others
and is called social marketing. Convincing people that global
warming is a real threat via advertise-
ments and commercials is social marketing, as is the example
36. regarding the EPA’s campaign to pro-
mote responsible disposal of motor oil.
2.3 Individuals
If you create a résumé, are you using marketing to communicate
the value you have to offer prospective
employers? If you sell yourself in an interview, is that
marketing? When Taylor Swift sends a tweet
about where she is and what she had for lunch, is that
marketing? In other words, can individuals mar-
ket themselves and their ideas?
Some marketing professionals say “no.” But today, more
marketing professionals are saying “yes,”
and that self-promotion is a form of marketing. Ultimately it
may not matter what you are marketing,
even if it’s yourself or another person. If, as a result of reading
this book, you learn how to more effect-
ively create value, communicate and deliver it to the receiver,
and get something in exchange for it,
then we’ve achieved our purpose.
K E Y T A K E A W A Y S
Marketing can be thought of as a set of business practices that
for-profit organizations, nonprofit organiza-
tions, government entities, and individuals can utilize. When a
nonprofit organization engages in marketing
activities, this is called nonprofit marketing. Marketing
conducted in an effort to achieve certain social object-
ives is called social marketing.
R E V I E W Q U E S T I O N S
1. What types of companies engage in marketing?
38. keting. There is more to marketing, however, than simply
understanding its role in the business. Mar-
keting has tremendous impact on society.
3.2 Marketing Delivers Value
Not only does marketing deliver value to customers, but also
that value translates into the value of the
firm as it develops a reliable customer base and increases its
sales and profitability. So when we say that
marketing delivers value, marketing delivers value to both the
customer and the company. Franklin D.
Roosevelt, the US president with perhaps the greatest influence
on our economic system, once said, “If
I were starting life over again, I am inclined to think that I
would go into the advertising business in
preference to almost any other. The general raising of the
standards of modern civilization among all
groups of people during the past half century would have been
impossible without the spreading of the
knowledge of higher standards by means of advertising.”[2]
Roosevelt referred to advertising, but ad-
vertising alone is insufficient for delivering value. Marketing
finishes the job by ensuring that what is
delivered is valuable.
3.3 Marketing Benefits Society
Marketing benefits society in general by improving people’s
lives in two ways. First, as we mentioned, it
facilitates trade. As you have learned, or will learn, in
economics, being able to trade makes people’s
lives better. Otherwise people wouldn’t do it. (Imagine what an
awful life you would lead if you had to
live a Robinson Crusoe–like existence as did Tom Hanks’s
character in the movie Castaway.) In addi-
tion, because better marketing means more successful
companies, jobs are created. This generates
39. wealth for people, who are then able to make purchases, which,
in turn, creates more jobs.
The second way in which marketing improves the quality of life
is based on the value delivery
function of marketing, but in a broader sense: When you add all
the marketers together who are trying
to deliver offerings of greater value to consumers and are
effectively communicating that value, con-
sumers are able to make more informed decisions about a wider
array of choices. From an economic
perspective, more choices and smarter consumers are indicative
of a higher quality of life.
3.4 Marketing Costs Money
Marketing can sometimes be the largest expense associated with
producing a product. In the soft drink
business, marketing expenses account for about one-third of a
product’s price—about the same as the
ingredients used to make the soft drink itself. Some people
argue that society does not benefit from
marketing when it comprises such a huge chunk of a product’s
final price. In some cases, that argu-
ment is justified. Yet when marketing results in more informed
consumers receiving a greater amount
of value, then the cost is justified.
3.5 Marketing Offers People Career Opportunities
Marketing is the interface between producers and consumers. In
other words, it is the one function in
the organization in which the entire business comes together.
Being responsible for both making
money for your company and delivering satisfaction to your
customers makes marketing a great career.
In addition, because marketing can be such an expensive part of
a business and is so critical to its suc-
41. work in the marketing field to be rewarding.
Photo courtesy of Kevin J. Hamm
advertising mix. Many people who work in advertising spend all
their time creating advertising
for electronic media, such as websites and their pop-up ads,
podcasts, and the like.
< Product development. People in product development are
responsible for identifying and
creating features that meet the needs of a firm’s customers.
They often work with engineers or
other technical personnel to ensure that value is created.
< Direct marketing. Professionals in direct marketing
communicate directly with customers about
a company’s product offerings via channels such as email, chat
lines, telephone, or direct mail.
< Digital marketing. Digital marketing professionals combine
advertising, direct marketing, and
other areas of marketing to communicate directly with
customers via social media, the Web, and
mobile media (including texts). They also work with
statisticians in order to determine which
consumers receive which message and with IT professionals to
create the right look and feel of
digital media.
< Event marketing. Some marketing personnel plan special
events, orchestrating face-to-face
conversations with potential and current customers in a special
setting.
< Nonprofit marketing. Nonprofit marketers often don’t get to
42. do everything listed previously as
nonprofits typically have smaller budgets. But their work is
always very important as they try to
change behaviors without having a product to sell.
A career in marketing can begin in a number of different ways.
Entry-level positions for
new college graduates are available in many of the positions
previously mentioned.
Carly Sedberry, a 2014 graduate of the University of Missouri
in Columbia, initially
majored in broadcast journalism, but found herself yearning for
more opportunities to
satisfy her creative side and work with creative people. So,
Sedberry switched her major
to strategic communication. Today she’s an account executive
for the Dallas advertising
agency Slingshot. How does she like her job? “As an account
executive, I am a part of
the process from the beginning, so seeing how an amazing idea
can come to life is
something I will never get tired of,” she says. “Which brings me
to the most rewarding
thing about my job: the end product. When my client is happy
about the work we did
and my team is proud of the work we did, nothing is better than
that.”
A growing number of CEOs are people with marketing
backgrounds. Some le-
gendary CEOs like Ross Perot, the founder of Electronic Data
Systems, and Mary Kay
Ash, the founder of Mary Kay Cosmetics, got their start in
marketing. More recently,
Mark Hurd, the CEO of Oracle, and Jeffrey Immelt, the CEO of
GE, are showing how
43. marketing careers can lead to the highest pinnacles of an
organization.
3.6 Criticisms of Marketing
Marketing is not without its critics. False advertising and
deceptive marketing practices, even by seem-
ingly reputable companies, are on ongoing concern. A couple of
years ago, the consumer electronics
company Nokia was forced to apologize for implying that a
video it used in its ads to promote one of
its smart phones was taken with the phone when it wasn’t.[3]
The U.S. Federal Trade Commission sued
the shoemaker Reebok for its ads claiming the company’s “Easy
Tone” sneakers improved the tone of
people’s legs and backsides better than other sneakers. The FTC
said the claims were “over-hyped,” and
the company ultimately agreed to issue $25 million in customer
refunds to settle the FTC’s lawsuit.[4]
We already mentioned that one reason to study marketing is
because it is costly, and business lead-
ers need to understand the cost/benefit ratio of marketing in
order to make wise investments. Yet that
cost is precisely why some criticize marketing. If that money
could be put into research and develop-
ment of new products, perhaps the consumers would be better
satisfied. Or, some critics argue, prices
could be lowered. Marketing executives, though, are always on
the lookout for less expensive ways to
achieve the same performance, and do not intentionally waste
money on marketing. For example, as
you will learn later in the book, digital marketing is allowing
companies to more accurately target cus-
tomers with ads for products they are truly interested in rather
than those they are not.
45. societal marketing
orientation, which holds that a company’s marketing efforts
should not be aimed only at delivering
products to customers and profits to shareholders but ultimately
improve the well-being of society and
the world in general.
The outdoor-clothing maker Patagonia has a societal marketing
orientation. To draw attention to
the problem of consumerism, Patagonia actually ran ads
showing one of its jackets with a headline that
read “Don’t Buy This Jacket.” The company was trying to
actually persuade people not to consume
products—even its own products—if they don’t need them. The
ad campaign received a lot of atten-
tion, in part because people were who saw it wondered why a
company would want to not sell its
products. Ironically, instead of Patagonia’s sales falling, they
climbed as a result of the ad campaign.[5]
F I G U R E 1 . 4
Why did Patagonia run this ad? Because it cares about the
environment. The company knows that if the
environment gets polluted, you won’t want to spend much time
outdoors or buy a lot of its outdoor-oriented
clothing.
Source: Used with permission from Patagonia, Inc.
Part of the reason Patagonia’s sales climbed is that people are
looking more favorably on companies
that have a societal marketing orientation. The Fair Trade
Certification movement emerged in re-
sponse to people wanting to do business with firms that
consider the good of society when making and
47. Created exclusively for Essa AlSaeed <[email protected]>
R E V I E W Q U E S T I O N S
1. Why study marketing?
2. How does marketing provide value?
3. Why does marketing cost so much? Is it worth it?
4. THEMES AND ORGANIZATION OF THIS BOOK
L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E
1. Understand and outline the elements of a marketing plan as a
planning process.
4.1 Marketing’s Role in the Organization
We previously discussed marketing as a set of activities that
anyone can do. Marketing is also a func-
tional area in companies, just like operations and accounting
are. Within a company, marketing might
be the title of a department, but some marketing functions, such
as sales, might be handled by another
department. Marketing activities do not occur separately from
the rest of the company, however.
As we have explained, pricing an offering, for example, will
involve a company’s finance and ac-
counting departments in addition to the marketing department.
Similarly, a marketing strategy is not
created solely by a firm’s marketing personnel. Instead, it flows
from the company’s overall strategy.
We’ll discuss strategy much more completely in Chapter 2.
48. 4.2 Everything Starts with Customers
Most organizations start with an idea of how to serve customers
better. Apple’s engineers began work-
ing on the iPod by looking at the available technology and
thinking about how customers would like to
have their music more available, as well as more affordable,
through downloading.
Many companies think about potential markets and customers
when they first launch their busi-
nesses. John Deere, for example, founded his farm-equipment
company on the principle of serving
customers. When admonished for making constant
improvements to his products even though farmers
would take whatever they could get, Deere reportedly replied,
“They haven’t got to take what we make
and somebody else will beat us, and we will lose our trade.”[6]
He recognized that if his company failed
to meet customers’ needs, someone else would. Today the John
Deere Company’s strategy, or mission
statement, is as follows:
For those who cultivate and harvest the land. For those who
transform and enrich the land. For those
who build upon the land. John Deere is committed to your
success.
The following are a few mission statements from other
companies. Note that they all refer to their
customers, either directly or by making references to
relationships with them. Notice too that the state-
ments are written to inspire employees and others who interact
with the companies.
IBM’s Mission Statement
50. < To refresh the world . . .
< To inspire moments of optimism . . .
< To create value and make a difference . . .[8]
McDonald’s Mission Statement
< Our purpose goes beyond what we sell. We’re using our reach
to be a positive
force. For our customers. Our people. Our communities. Our
world.[9]
Not all companies create mission statements that reflect a
marketing orientation. Steve Jobs, the le-
gendary cofounder of Apple, believed that meeting customers’
needs wasn’t enough because, he con-
tended, they often don’t know what products they want or need
until they are made available to them.
Instead, Apple’s mission statement initially was product
oriented. It was based on the premise that a
company’s success is due to great products and that simply
supplying them will lead to demand for
them.
But how exactly does a company create a “great” product
without thinking too much about the
customer’s wants and needs? Apple, and for that matter, many
other companies, have fallen prey to
thinking that they knew what a great product was without asking
their customers. In fact, Apple’s first
attempt at a graphic user interface (GUI) was the LISA
computer, a dismal failure. Today, Apple’s mis-
sion statement is more customer oriented than it was in the past.
4.3 The Marketing Plan
The marketing plan is the strategy for implementing the
components of marketing: creating, com-
52. cisions are the focus of the next set of chapters and are the
second step in marketing planning.
Following the material on offerings, we explore the decisions
associated with building the value
chain. Once an offering is designed, the company has to be able
to make it and then be able to get it to
the market. This step, planning for the delivery of value, is the
third step in the marketing plan.
The fourth step is creating the plan for communicating value.
How does the firm make consumers
aware of the value it has to offer? How can it help them
recognize that value and decide that they
should purchase products? These are important questions for
marketing planners.
Once a customer has decided that her personal value equation is
likely to be positive, then she will
decide to purchase the product. That decision still has to be
acted on, however, which is the exchange.
The details of the exchange are the focus of the last few
chapters of the book. As exchanges occur, mar-
keting planners then refine their plans based on the feedback
they receive from their customers, what
their competitors are doing, and how market conditions are
changing.
4.4 The Changing Marketing Environment
At the beginning of this chapter, we mentioned that the view of
marketing has changed from a static set
of four Ps to a dynamic set of processes that involve marketing
professionals as well as many other em-
ployees in an organization. The way business is being conducted
today is changing, too, and marketing
is changing along with it. There are several themes, or
54. consumers, is resulting in an
information explosion that is being referred to as big data. Big
data is allowing companies to
create highly detailed profiles of customers like they never
could before. That might sound scary
for consumers, but it’s vital for marketers. Being able to figure
out who your customers are, where
they congregate, what they want, and how to engage them is
more important than ever. Why?
Because there are so many more different types of media
available to consumers today, all of
which are competing for their attention. This has made the
process of marketing more complex
than in the past. In the past it was much easier for companies to
reach consumers through just a
handful of mediums, such as radio, print, and TV ads.
< Ethics and social responsibility. Businesses exist only
because customers and society allow them
to. When businesses begin to fail their customers and society,
they can find them in peril. The
crackdown on companies in the subprime mortgage-lending
industry is one example. These
companies created and sold loans (products) that could only be
paid back under ideal
circumstances, and when consumers couldn’t pay these loans
back, the entire economy suffered
greatly. Scandals such as these illustrate how society responds
to unethical business practices.
However, whereas ethics require that you only do no harm, the
concept of social responsibility
requires that you must actively seek to improve the lot of
others, not just in terms of how you
market and sell products but in all aspects of what you do as a
company, including how you treat
your employees, the public, and respond to crises. Today,
55. people are demanding businesses take a
proactive stance in terms of social responsibility, and they are
being held to ever-higher standards
of conduct.
< Sustainability. Sustainability is an example of social
responsibility and involves engaging in
practices that diminish the earth’s resources to the least extent
possible. Coca-Cola, for example,
is working with governments in Africa to ensure clean water
availability, not just for
manufacturing Coke products, but for all consumers in that
region. Further, the company seeks
to engage American consumers in participating by offering
opportunities to contribute to clean
water programs. Right now, companies do not have to engage in
these practices, but because
firms really represent the people behind them (their owners and
employees), forward-thinking
executives are seeking ways to reduce the impact their
companies are having on the planet.
< Service-dominant logic. You might have noticed that we use
the word offering a lot instead of the
term product. That’s because of service-dominant logic, the
approach to business that recognizes
that consumers want value no matter how it is delivered—
whether through a tangible product or
through intangible services. That emphasis on value is what
drives the functional approach to
value that we’ve taken—that is, creating, communicating,
delivering, and exchanging value.
< Metrics and analytics. Technology has not only increased the
amount of information available to
decision makers but the number of statistical and other cutting-
56. edge methods available to
“crunch” or analyze it. This is allowing firms to develop new
metrics, or benchmarks, they can
use to fine-tune their marketing practices and ad campaigns,
make better decisions, and
ultimately improve how well their companies perform. The
retailer Lane Bryant has improved its
revenues and profits by hiring outside statisticians to look at the
company’s data and analyze it.
Doing so has helped Lane Bryant figure out, among other
things, what types of products it should
sell in its different stores around the country, where they should
be placed in the stores, and how
much to discount them when putting them on sale.
< A global environment. Every business is influenced by global
issues. The price of oil, for
example, is a global concern that affects everyone’s prices and
even the availability of some
offerings. We already mentioned Coke’s concern for clean
water. But Coke also has to be
concerned with distribution systems in areas with poor or
nonexistent roads, myriads of
government policies and regulations, the availability of workers
with the right skills, and so many
different issues in trying to sell and deliver Coke around the
world. Even companies with smaller
markets source some or all their offerings from companies in
other countries, or else face some
sort of direct competition from companies based in other
countries. Every business professional,
whether marketing or otherwise, has to have some
understanding of the global environment in
which companies operate.
CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS MARKETING? 19
58. D I S C U S S I O N Q U E S T I O N S
1. Compare and contrast a four Ps approach to marketing versus
the value approach (creating,
communicating, and delivering value). What would you expect
to be the same and what would you
expect to be different between two companies that apply one or
the other approach?
2. Assume you are about to graduate. How would you apply
marketing principles to your job search? In
what ways would you be able to create, communicate, and
deliver value as a potential employee, and
what would that value be, exactly? How would you prove that
you can deliver that value?
3. Is marketing always appropriate for political candidates?
Why or why not?
4. How do the activities of marketing for value fulfill the
marketing concept for the market-oriented
organization?
5. This chapter introduces the personal value equation. How
does that concept apply to people who buy for
the government or for a business or for your university? How
does that concept apply when organizations
are engaged in social marketing?
6. This chapter addresses several reasons why marketing is an
important area of study. Should marketing be
required for all college students, no matter their major? Why or
why not?
7. Of the four marketing functions, where does it look like most
of the jobs are? What are the specific
61. Created exclusively for Essa AlSaeed <[email protected]>
http://bit.ly/wUJmef
http://bit.ly/wUJmef
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
ENDNOTES
American Marketing Association, “Definition of Marketing,”
Accessed December 3,
2009, http://www.marketingpower.com/AboutAMA/Pages/
DefinitionofMarketing.aspx?sq=definition+of+marketing.
Famous Quotes and Authors, “Franklin D. Roosevelt Quotes and
Quotations,” Ac-
cessed December 7, 2009,
http://www.famousquotesandauthors.com/authors/
franklin_d__roosevelt_quotes.html.