This document provides guidelines for students to obtain fully solved assignments for their semester and specialization by contacting a specified email or phone number. It outlines assignment topics, including virtual reality, haptic feedback, distributed VR engines, haptic rendering, automatic cell segmentation, and stereoscopic vision, along with instructions for answering questions. The document emphasizes requirements such as word count for certain questions and explains the evaluation scheme for each topic.

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ASSIGNMENT
PROGRAM BSc IT
SEMESTER SIXTH
SUBJECT CODE & NAME BT9403, Virtual Reality
CREDITS 4
BK ID B1368
MARKS 60
Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be
approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.
Question. 1. Write a note on Convolvotron. Draw the block diagram
of it.
Answer:The Convolvotronincludes two circuit boards that are installed in slots of a PC-compatible
computer.The Convolvotron usesaspatial soundsynthesismethodinvolvingthe direct convolution
of an audio signal with pairs of filters
When master controller 102 directs a sound to spatial sound processor 112, it also provides spatial
sound processor 112 with 3-D position information for the channel. The position information is
updated periodically, preferably at a rate of approximately 60 Hz, using control signal path 122.
The Convolvotron acceptschannel positioninformationineither head-relative or absolute position
format. The head-relative
Question. 2. Define haptic feedback. Explain haptic sensing.

2. Answer:Tactile Feedbackisatype of Haptic Feedback.Hapticfeedbackisgenerally divided into two
differentclasses:Tacticle andKinesthetic.The difference betweenthe twoisquite complex, but at a
high level:
Kinesthetic:The thingsyoufeel fromsensorsinyourmuscles,joints, tendons. Weight, stretch, joint
anglesof yourarm, hand,wrist,fingers,etc.Imagine holdingacoffee-mug inyourhand.Kinesthetic
feedback tells your brain the approximate size of the mug, it's weight, and how you are holding it
relative to your body.
Tactile:
Question. 3. Define distributed VR engine. Write a note on multiple
pipeline synchronization.
Answer:One keyelementforinteractionwithavirtual world,isameansof tracking the position of a
real world object, such as a head or hand. There are numerous methods for position tracking and
control. Ideally a technology should provide 3 measures for position(X, Y, Z) and 3 measures of
orientation(roll,pitch,yaw).One of the biggestproblemforposition tracking is latency, or the time
required to make the measurements and preprocess them before input to the simulation engine.
The simplest control hardware is a
Synchronization - Scheduling multiple projects
The TOC multi-project solution recognizes that the effectiveness of individual projects can be
threatenedif the organizationtries to push more projects through its pipeline than it is capable of.
Scheduling -- the actual promising of individual project completions -- must take into account any
constrainingaspectsof thatpipeline.Whilethe commonexistence of practices like multi-tasking or
due-date behaviorstypically prove out to outstrip any actual resource constraint, the possibility of
such a constraint is useful as an
Question. 4. Explain the first stage of haptic rendering.
Answer:Humansexplore objectsinmanysteps.Typically,we firstvisuallyscanthe environmentwith
our eyes to locate the position of the object. We then touch the object to feel its general shape.
Finally, a more careful manual exploration is made to investigate the surface and material
characteristics of the object. Manual sensing of shape, softness, and texture of an object occurs
throughtactile andkinestheticsensorysystemsthatrespondtospatial and temporal distribution of
forceson the hand.Recentadvancesinvirtual realityandroboticsenable the human tactual system
to be stimulated in a controlled manner through force feedback devices, also known as haptic
interfaces.A hapticinterface isadevice that enables manual interaction with virtual environments
or teleoparated remote systems.
Question. 5. Expalin automatic cell segmentation process.

3. Answer:With the huge amount of cell images produced in bio-imaging, automatic methods for
segmentation are needed in order to evaluate the content of the images with respect to types of
cells and their sizes. Traditional PDE-based methods using level-sets can perform automatic
segmentation, but do not perform well on images with clustered cells containing sub-structures.
Furthermore, DIC images contain a phase gradient, which should be removed first.
In recent years, high-throughput microscopy has emerged as a powerful tool to analyze cellular
dynamics in an unprecedentedly
Question. 6. Explain the geometry of stereoscopic vision. Give the
advantages of stereopsis.
Answer:Stereopsis (from the Greek στερεο- stereo- meaning "solid", and ὄψιςopsis, "appearance,
sight") is a term that is most often used to refer to the perception of depth and 3-dimensional
structure obtained on the basis of visual information deriving from two eyes by individuals with
normallydevelopedbinocularvision.Because the eyesof humans,andmany animals, are located at
different lateral positions on the head, binocular vision results in two slightly different images
projectedtothe retinasof the eyes.The differencesare mainlyinthe relative horizontal position of
objectsinthe two images. These positional differences are referred to as horizontal disparities or,
more generally, binocular disparities. Disparities are processed in the visual cortex of the brain to
yield depth perception. While binocular disparities are naturally present when viewing a real 3-
dimensional scene withtwoeyes,theycanalsobe simulatedbyartificially presenting two different
imagesseparatelytoeach eye using a method called stereoscopy. The perception of depth in such
cases is also referred to as "stereoscopic depth".
that makes stereo vision so rich and special.
Stereo Vision Has Many Advantages
Stereovision--orstereoscopic vision --probably evolved as a means of survival. With stereo vision,
we can see WHERE
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
(Prefer mailing. Call in emergency )