building services 1 notes

1. BUILDING SERVICES - I
MODULE 1
WATER QUALITY CONTROL
AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
AR. GAYATHRI VASU
ASST. PROFESSOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING
AVIT, CHENNAI

2. BUILDING SERVICES - I MODULE 1 - WATER QUALITY CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
WATER SUPPLY
Providing water to individuals, group
of people, institutions, commercial
organisation or for irrigation by a
system of pumps or pipes.

3. BUILDING SERVICES - I MODULE 1 - WATER QUALITY CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
WATER SOURCES
Mainly divided into
Ground Water –
1. Deep or artesian wells.
2. Springs.
Surface Water –
1. Rainwater
2. Rivers and lakes.
3. Surface wells.
4. Sea Water
Other Resources –
1. Snow
2. Artificial Rain

4. BUILDING SERVICES - I MODULE 1 - WATER QUALITY CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
UNDERGROUND WATER
ARTESIAN WELLS:
Artesian well, well from which water flows under natural pressure without
pumping. It is dug or drilled wherever a gently dipping, permeable rock layer
(such as sandstone) receives water along its outcrop at a level higher than the
level of the surface of the ground at the well site. At the outcrop the water
moves down into the aquifer (water-bearing layer) but is prevented from
leaving it, by impermeable rock layers (such as shale) above and below it.

5. BUILDING SERVICES - I MODULE 1 - WATER QUALITY CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
UNDERGROUND WATER
SPRING WELLS:
Spring, in hydrology, is an opening at or near the surface of the Earth for the
discharge of water from underground sources. A spring is a natural discharge
point of subterranean water at the surface of the ground or directly into the
bed of a stream, lake, or sea.

6. BUILDING SERVICES - I MODULE 1 - WATER QUALITY CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
SURFACE WATER
Rain water takes up the dust and
gases from the air
and organic matter from the roofs
over which it is collected - causing
the water to be unsafe for drinking
purposes.
Rivers and lakes are a common
source of water supply, but they
may be made very unfit for
drinking if the surface water and
sewage from towns and cities is
allowed to drain into them.
Sea water is saline. Even if the
salinity is variable for various
oceans the water is unfit for
drinking. Desalination is an artificial
process by which saline water is
converted to fresh water.

7. BUILDING SERVICES - I MODULE 1 - WATER QUALITY CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
WATER REQUIREMENT
Water requirement is the amount
of water required by the consumer.
There are two types of water as a
resource:
• Potable (which is fit for human
consumption)
• Non Potable (which used for
industrial and agricultural
consumption)
Global water demand is
• Agriculture – 70%
• Industrial – 20%
• Domestic – 10%
Requirement of water depends on
two major factors:
• Rate of Demand
• Population

8. BUILDING SERVICES - I MODULE 1 - WATER QUALITY CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
WATER REQUIREMENT
Water is the universal solvent. In nature, it is never totally pure. No matter
how isolated it is from sources of contamination, it will always have some
chemicals, Gases or minerals in the air, soil or rock are dissolved by the
water. Some dissolved materials give water it’s characteristic taste – “pure
water” is generally considered to be flat and tasteless.
Purification or Treatment of water : mandatory requirement of civic authority
to supply potable water, safe water, free from all the impurities.
Mainly three type of impurities:
• Physical Impurities: turbidity, colour, taste, odour
• Chemical Impurity: hardness
• Bacteriological impurities: pathogenic bacteria.

9. BUILDING SERVICES - I MODULE 1 - WATER QUALITY CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
WATER IMPURITIES - PHYSICAL
• Turbidity: refers to the cloudiness of the water. It can be a problem in
surface-water sources. The materials causing the cloudiness can be
inorganic--such as clays, silts or sand--or organic, such as algae and leaf
particles.
• Colour: a physical characteristic of water that is not noticed unless it is
very high.
• Taste: Refers to Salty or brackish taste due to high sodium content, alkali
taste due to high mineral content, metallic taste due to high metal
content.
• Odour: Refers to odour due to more pollutant content in water.

10. BUILDING SERVICES - I MODULE 1 - WATER QUALITY CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
WATER IMPURITIES - CHEMICAL
• Hardness: Hardness in water is caused by significant amounts of calcium
or magnesium components.

11. BUILDING SERVICES - I MODULE 1 - WATER QUALITY CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
WATER IMPURITIES - BIOLOGICAL
• Pathogenic bacteria - Disease-causing bacteria are called pathogens,
their presence is determined by testing for the presence of an indicator
organismic bacteria.

12. BUILDING SERVICES - I MODULE 1 - WATER QUALITY CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM