Water Logging Soils Problems and It’s Preventive Measures

2. Presented By:
M. Imran (AGL-15-44)
B.Sc (Hons) Agriculture
muhammadimransamtia@gmail.com
Presented To:
Dr. Muhammad Nawaz
Topic:
Water Logging Soils Problems
and
It’s Preventive Measures

3. Water Logging
• The soil whose surface layers are saturated
with water is called as waterlogged soil.
• The phenomenon of rising of water table is
known as water logging.

4. Water Logging in Pakistan
• 38% of Pakistan irrigated land was damaged
by water logged.
• 14% saline
• Only 45% are cultivated at present time
• Accumulation on Indus basin

5. Causes of Water Logging
• Seepage from canals
• Over irrigation of fields
• Inadequate surface drainage
• Incorrect & Defective methods of Irrigation
• Obstruction of natural drainage
• Obstruction of subsoil drainage
• Nature of soil black cotton soil
• Construction of a reservoir
• Rise in salt

6. Reasons of Water Logging
1. Rainfall:
After heavy rainfall, rain water percolates
down the pores between the soil particles
under the action of gravity and finally reaches
the aquifer which causes the water table to rise
towards the soil surface. During rainy season,
the upper layers of soil become highly
saturated with water.

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2. Floods:
After heavy rainfall, the flood water spreads
on the surface of the soil in the plains. Due to
inappropriate drainage system, this water
percolates in soil and raise the water table
which ultimately results in water logging.

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3. Poor Water Management:
Sometimes farmers use their land
unscientifically. They have been depending on
excessive irrigation in cultivating certain
crops. Excessive irrigation and lack of
adequate drainage system cause increase in
water logging.

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4. By breaking hardpan at a canal bed:
During cleaning season, the digging of canals
breaks down the hardpan of the soil at canal
bed. It also enhances the seepage of water to
adjacent soil and results in water logging.

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5. Railway lines/Roads:
The construction of railway lines and roads
and other development schemes in the flood
plains has interrupted the passage of runoff
water at many places. The water remains
collected in ponds especially in rainy season.
This water percolates into the soil and raises
water table.

11. Problems due to Water Logging
• It creates anaerobic condition in soils for
which microbial activity is hampered.
• The availability of nutrient elements in soil is
reduced & leaching loss is higher.
• Increases soil pH in coastal & dry area which
leads salinity & alkalinity.
• Pollutes soil water & favours excessive weed
growth.

12. Effects of Water Logging
• Absence of aeration of soil in the root zone of
the plants
• Difficulty in cultivation operations
• Growth of water weeds & wild aquatic plants
• Rise of salts in surface layers
• Restricted root growth
• Lower soil temperature
• Plant diseases

13. Due to Dams

14. Due to Constructions of Reservoirs

15. Preventive Measures
• Providing efficient surface drainage.
• Reducing percolation from canals.
• Restriction of unwanted irrigation.
• Adoption of sprinkler method for irrigation
• Removing obstructions in natural drainage.
• Trees should be planted along both sides of the
canals up to 500 feet. They reduce the seepage
of water from the canal bank.
• Rice, sugarcane, and barscen can be grown in
waterlogged soils.

16. Control of Water Logging
Biological control:
• Water logging is control by planting trees
bushes plants on water table and control water
logging
Drainage:
• Proper drainage system also help to control
water logging and choice of crops, seedling
,fertilization and weed control also control the
water logging Best way to control water
logging.