1. Between 2004-2009, the EU unexpectedly developed an energy policy focused on developing the internal energy market, EU grids, and renewable energy sources (RES).
2. From 2012-2014, many of the core assumptions underlying EU energy policy derailed as fossil fuel prices decreased, nuclear issues arose, and RES subsidies fragmented the internal market.
3. Going forward from 2015-2025, the document discusses five key issues for a new EU energy policy: 1) addressing the crisis in the internal electricity market, 2) developing the internal gas market, 3) coordinating national targets from 2020-2030, 4) establishing appropriate governance for the new policy framework, and 5) managing external energy security and
Ensuring European Energy Transition: key research and innovation actions need...Leonardo ENERGY
Konstantin Staschus and Sophie Dourlens will present the new ETIP SNET Implementation Plan (IP) 2017-2020 which is to be released on 5 October 2017
The Implementation Plan aims at listing the short-term priorities for R&I in ETIP SNET’s scope and as defined by the action 4 of the EU’s Strategic Energy Technology Plan: Increase the resilience, security and smartness of the energy system. It is based upon the ETIP-SNET R&I roadmap 2017-2026 which specifies the long-term R&I activities for the evolution of the European energy system and published in January 2017.
The Implementation Plan is the result of a long and comprehensive stakeholders consultation process which makes it widely recognised by all the European energy transition stakeholders.
Ensuring European Energy Transition: key research and innovation actions need...Leonardo ENERGY
Konstantin Staschus and Sophie Dourlens will present the new ETIP SNET Implementation Plan (IP) 2017-2020 which is to be released on 5 October 2017
The Implementation Plan aims at listing the short-term priorities for R&I in ETIP SNET’s scope and as defined by the action 4 of the EU’s Strategic Energy Technology Plan: Increase the resilience, security and smartness of the energy system. It is based upon the ETIP-SNET R&I roadmap 2017-2026 which specifies the long-term R&I activities for the evolution of the European energy system and published in January 2017.
The Implementation Plan is the result of a long and comprehensive stakeholders consultation process which makes it widely recognised by all the European energy transition stakeholders.
ETIP SNET: For an innovative and successful European energy transition Leonardo ENERGY
The ETIP Smart Networks for Energy Transition (SNET) role is to guide Research, Development & Innovation (RD&I) to support Europe’s energy transition, more specifically, its mission is to set-out a vision for RD&I for Smart Networks for Energy Transition and engage stakeholders in this vision.
In this webinar the ETIP SNET role and main priorities will be introduced by its chairman Konstantin Staschus. Eric Peirano will present the new 10 year ETIP SNET Research & Innovation Roadmap 2017-2026. The roadmap provides a system view and addresses a scope larger than smart electricity grids by encompassing interactions with the gas and heat networks and focuses on integration of all flexibility solutions into the power system, including energy storage technologies.
Jiri Horak of CEZ discussed the experiences of market liberalisation in Romania and Czech Republic and how the market should accordingly be opened in Bulgaria
Article 14 of Directive 2012/27/EU: “Promotion of efficiency in heating and c...Leonardo ENERGY
European countries are currently facing complex energy challenges including major external energy dependence or an increasing concern about climate change. The Conclusions of the European Council in 2007 and 2011 established a need for reaching at least a total 20% of savings in the European primary energy consumption by 2020 (2007 baseline).
In order to meet this challenge, the European Union published in 2012 the Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU (EED), which has established a common framework to promote concrete actions related to energy efficiency in the European market.
Within the EED, the Article 14 stands out for promoting the energy efficiency through the use of CHP (combined heat and power), district heating and cooling and by recovering industrial waste heat.
The complexity and diversity of issues on the table of EU policy makers is set to increase in the coming months. This comes on top of European challenges old and new which threaten the very essence of the European Union project.
Read on to learn about the latest policy developments with this monthly alert from our team in Brussels. For real-time updates, follow @MSL_Brussels or reach out to us on Twitter @msl_group.
Green Vehicles: State of Play and Future OutlookLeonardo ENERGY
Despite substantial progress over the past years, road transport still remains one of the most energy-consuming (30% of total EU consumption) and the highest contributor to pollutant emissions in Europe. As a complement to emission legislation, the EU has set out a strategy for encouraging the development and uptake of green vehicles which have a much lower environmental impact throughout their lifecycles.
This comprehensive strategy was laid down in a 2010 Communication entitled “European strategy on clean and energy efficient vehicles” which identified the main actions to be taken by the European Commission (EC) including regulatory initiatives, support to research & innovation or consumer information measures. Over the years, the identified actions have gradually been implemented and completed by the EC and the 2010 strategy updated.
EU energy policy
refereces: different references; nothing came from me. all of the informations were lifted from different sites, from EU files to different ppt presentations.
Alternative fuels for sustainable mobility in Europe: Directive 2014/94/EULeonardo ENERGY
On 24th January 2013, the European Commission proposed an ambitious set of measures, known as the “Clean Power for Transport package”, to solve the chicken-or-egg problem hampering the market uptake of clean (and in particular electric) vehicles in Europe.
The initiative aimed at ensuring the necessary build-up of alternative fuel stations across Europe with common standards for their design and use and included a proposal for a Directive on the deployment of alternative fuels recharging and refuelling infrastructure.
After extensive inter-institutional negotiations between the Commission, the Council and the European Parliament, the Directive was finally adopted on 29th September 2014. It requires Member States to develop national policy frameworks for the market development of clean vehicles, foresees the use of common technical specifications for recharging and refuelling stations and requests the setting up of consumer information on alternative fuels.
ETIP SNET: For an innovative and successful European energy transition Leonardo ENERGY
The ETIP Smart Networks for Energy Transition (SNET) role is to guide Research, Development & Innovation (RD&I) to support Europe’s energy transition, more specifically, its mission is to set-out a vision for RD&I for Smart Networks for Energy Transition and engage stakeholders in this vision.
In this webinar the ETIP SNET role and main priorities will be introduced by its chairman Konstantin Staschus. Eric Peirano will present the new 10 year ETIP SNET Research & Innovation Roadmap 2017-2026. The roadmap provides a system view and addresses a scope larger than smart electricity grids by encompassing interactions with the gas and heat networks and focuses on integration of all flexibility solutions into the power system, including energy storage technologies.
Jiri Horak of CEZ discussed the experiences of market liberalisation in Romania and Czech Republic and how the market should accordingly be opened in Bulgaria
Article 14 of Directive 2012/27/EU: “Promotion of efficiency in heating and c...Leonardo ENERGY
European countries are currently facing complex energy challenges including major external energy dependence or an increasing concern about climate change. The Conclusions of the European Council in 2007 and 2011 established a need for reaching at least a total 20% of savings in the European primary energy consumption by 2020 (2007 baseline).
In order to meet this challenge, the European Union published in 2012 the Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU (EED), which has established a common framework to promote concrete actions related to energy efficiency in the European market.
Within the EED, the Article 14 stands out for promoting the energy efficiency through the use of CHP (combined heat and power), district heating and cooling and by recovering industrial waste heat.
The complexity and diversity of issues on the table of EU policy makers is set to increase in the coming months. This comes on top of European challenges old and new which threaten the very essence of the European Union project.
Read on to learn about the latest policy developments with this monthly alert from our team in Brussels. For real-time updates, follow @MSL_Brussels or reach out to us on Twitter @msl_group.
Green Vehicles: State of Play and Future OutlookLeonardo ENERGY
Despite substantial progress over the past years, road transport still remains one of the most energy-consuming (30% of total EU consumption) and the highest contributor to pollutant emissions in Europe. As a complement to emission legislation, the EU has set out a strategy for encouraging the development and uptake of green vehicles which have a much lower environmental impact throughout their lifecycles.
This comprehensive strategy was laid down in a 2010 Communication entitled “European strategy on clean and energy efficient vehicles” which identified the main actions to be taken by the European Commission (EC) including regulatory initiatives, support to research & innovation or consumer information measures. Over the years, the identified actions have gradually been implemented and completed by the EC and the 2010 strategy updated.
EU energy policy
refereces: different references; nothing came from me. all of the informations were lifted from different sites, from EU files to different ppt presentations.
Alternative fuels for sustainable mobility in Europe: Directive 2014/94/EULeonardo ENERGY
On 24th January 2013, the European Commission proposed an ambitious set of measures, known as the “Clean Power for Transport package”, to solve the chicken-or-egg problem hampering the market uptake of clean (and in particular electric) vehicles in Europe.
The initiative aimed at ensuring the necessary build-up of alternative fuel stations across Europe with common standards for their design and use and included a proposal for a Directive on the deployment of alternative fuels recharging and refuelling infrastructure.
After extensive inter-institutional negotiations between the Commission, the Council and the European Parliament, the Directive was finally adopted on 29th September 2014. It requires Member States to develop national policy frameworks for the market development of clean vehicles, foresees the use of common technical specifications for recharging and refuelling stations and requests the setting up of consumer information on alternative fuels.
La politique énergétique de l’Union européenne en débat
18 ème Séance du Séminaire PSL de Recherches en Economie de l’Energie
12 janvier 2015, Ecole des Mines de Paris
Presentation @ Turin School of Regulation, Italy
5 September 2019
by Jean-Michel Glachant
Loyola de Palacio Chair Prof.
& Director Florence School of Regulation
European University Institute (Florence, Italy)
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
EU Energy Policy: 10 Years Retrospect + 10 Years Forecast?
1. EU energy Policy:
10 Y. Retrospect … & 10 Y. “Forecast”?
Brussels – Clayes & Casteels Xth Conference
(10th February 2015)
Jean-Michel Glachant
Director Florence School of Regulation & Loyola de Palacio Chair
EUI - Florence
5. Old & new ways in the short life of
EU energy policy
I. 2004-2009: Totally unexpected (by me) EU got an energy
policy (based on internal market… with a climate change pillar)
~1 Internal market / ~2 EU grid / ~3 EU RES
II. 2013-14: (Unfortunately) policy derailed… and so what? Do
we move or divorce? ~1 EU Commission / ~2 EU power industry
/ ~3 EU power grids
III. 2015-2025: (my) 5 keys for new EU energy policy? Energy
Union(s) or BAU? ~1 & ~2 Internal Market for power & gas / ~3
& ~4 (28 ways) to 2030 / ~5 External energy security
5
6. [I] 2004-2009 EU got an energy policy
What was it about?
Previsibility (foreseeability) very low: “EU energy policy” was not
foreseen in 2004; & already “packaged” in 2009!
• Game Changer 1 (2005 Hampton Court Council Tony Blair:
long life EU internal Security of Supply)
• Game Changer 2 (2007 -Lisbon treaty- Berlin Council Angela
Merkel: long life EU energy sustainability 20-20-20 in 2020)
• Game Changer 3 (2006 & 2009 Russia - Ukraine: Emergency
plans + security reg. 2010 & infrastructure package 2011-13)
6
7. EU energy policy? What’s about?
[I.1] Internal Marketl Market
First and foremost (Internal Market)
¤ Not because it is logical or astute to get it to support an EU energy policy
– but because EU Commission strong & legitimate there: Internal Market
“raison d’etre” (Single Act + Treaty). We got
¤ 1st Package: *“Free Entry in Generation” ** “B2B Consumer eligibility” ***
“Free movement of goods at borders”
¤ Second Package added: full retail eligibility; transparent & market friendly
cross-border operation; regulators supporting market building; but cannot
get open wholesale pricing & sequence of markets (Day-Ahead to real time)
¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
¤ Third Package unable to add full EU harmonization of “market design &
operation rules” >> but did set up a process to produce it with new
Bodies: *ENTSO-E to “EU” the TSOs; **ACER to “EU” the NRAs
7
8. EU energy policy? What’s about?
[I.2] EU Grid
• Second to Internal Market (EU Grids)
¤ because no power market can work if Grids aren’t market friendly: We got
¤ 1st Package: *“Third Party Access to Grids” ** “Including all borders”
¤ Second Package did add: Regulated access to grids; regulators duties for
markets and grids; transparent & market friendly cross-border grid operation,
congestion mechanisms, grid capacity allocation
¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
¤ Third Package unable to add full EU harmonization of “market design & grid
operation rules” >> but did set up a process to produce it with new Bodies:
*ENTSO-E(G): EU GridCodes &EU TYNDP GridPlanning; **ACER : “EU” NRAs
¤ NB: Third Package didn’t try to EU harmonization of grid tariffs making; of
grid country investment & data methodology; did miss all Distribution grids
issue AND Market Operators (wholesale exchange as PXs); NO EU regulator
8
9. EU energy policy? What’s about?
[1.3] EU RES
• Only third and external to Internal Market and EU grids (EU RES)
¤ external because RES are *subsidy pushed (not market pulled –energy
market or carbon price) and **country regulated (no EU wide system of RES
push rules in 2007 -except size of countries RES quotas)
¤ EU got a split: # RES split between “green part” (out of market price & trade
order, in “own special circuit”) &”energy flow” (into EU Market & MS Systems)
* RES energy flows circulate through grids to directly enter the
demand (while being variable and not dispatched) >> very strong interactions
between RES, power system and grids operation
** NonRES can serve only “residual demand”; only what variable RES
cannot feed at each moment > very strong market interactions between RES
& nonRES (capacity “adequacy” given by amount of working RES)
¤ Small RES > small interactions; Massive RES>> massive interactions
9
10. [II] 2012-2014: core assumptions derail…
5+ core assumptions have proved fragile or false & called for a
reformulation of EU energy policy frame…
• 1 Fossil fuel scarce and pricey / gas & oil “new abundance”
• 2 Fossil fuel pricey but “EU suppliers secure enough” / Russia & M-E
• 2bis Nuclear pricey but CO2 free & “secure enough” / Fukushima & EPR
• 3 Internal market needed to get EU power price convergence from CCGT
competition /RES pushed by national subsidies &national cost allocation
• 4 Putting a price on carbon everywhere relevant for sustainability /?
• 5 Green revolution, green jobs, world green manufacturing leadership /?
Uncertainties are very high & Certainty is very little
> Time for well-deserved EU break?
>>Or EU new start? But a new one…
10
11. [II.Cted] Derailed? Commission novelties
June 2012: make your choice - November 2013: some guide lines – January
2014: Berlin 20-20-20 “game over”. Competitiveness & costs back to top
• June 2012 - Options for RES policy post 2020 / S2: Only “Carbon Price” is
risky and unfavorable to technology innovation / S3: National RES targets
risk EU fragmentation and high unit costs but favors decentralization &
distributed Gen. /S4 EU RES target and harmonized frame favor costs
reduction, cross-border investments, large scale innovation but with +grid
& system costs
• November 2013 - Guide lines for RES support till 2020 / Only small units
& less mature RES (as off-shore & bio-mass) keep FiT / big unit and
deployed RES only FiP & Tgy neutral auction (ex: On-Shore or PV 1MW)
• January 2014 - Framework post 2020 / *“EU binding”GHGtargets +**“MS
only” RES target & “appropriate “ EU governance for MS action plans
11
12. www.florence-school.eu
[III] 2015-2025: (my) 5 keys for new EU energy policy?
5 not 8: Grids, R&D, C02 not detailed…
• 1- The internal electricity market: currently European crisis… with any
European remedy? But #Wholesale; #Retail…
• 2- The internal gas market: a last mile needed, or one thousand miles
more?
• 3- EU @28 national ways from 20-20-20 to 2030: could “2030@28” lead
us (as EU) somewhere vis-à-vis 2050?
• 4- The “2030@28” policy governance: any EU frame for this “2030@28”
energy policy to work with “internal market”?
• 5- External energy (security and policy): at least some Ext.Energy Union…
or only continuing existing @28 Ext.Energy Disunion?
+ another key simplification… I only contrast a “mini” & a “maxi” option for
each of these five key issues
12
13. www.florence-school.eu
[III.1](sl.1) The internal electricity market:
European wholesale crisis with any European remedy?
• Prices too low for generators… thermal &RES…> no entry @current price
And so what? It is a market “full stop”.
Is this sustainable? No market-base entry?
• 1.1/1 EU Wholesale market “mini”:
Only a few fixes added to existing EU Power Target Model …
*core of fixes: “really reflexive market for flexibility”
At intra-day and real time horizons
*AND core of remedy: end of life for redundant plants (CCGT euthanasia)
13
14. www.florence-school.eu
[III.1](sl.2) The internal electricity market:
European wholesale crisis with any European remedy?
• 1.1/2 EU Wholesale market “maxi”:
New EU “Market Target Model” needed to reach sustainable “technology
choice / investment decisions / operation of power system” …
> “policy pushed amount of RES” hurts market signals
>> energy markets cannot work “normally” when generation technology &
capacity choice are not market-base
>>> at least 3 ways of change:
/ For entry into supply:
*LT power price guarantee;
**LT grid access guarantee
/ For system operation:
***Sht.T flexibility & responsiveness
14
15. www.florence-school.eu
[III.1](sl.3) The internal electricity market:
A “smart retail” boom coming?
• First: “populist retail explosion” (Bulgaria; Sp & Fr deficits; UK bill
politics)? I do not know how EU might deal with populist explosion.
• Then Second: I will address only “smart retail explosion”… (from DR to
Google, Uber, etc)
• 1.2/1 EU Retail market “mini”:
Let market forces do / sufficient to get a “No regret” EU platform … as:
*EU minimal common standard of operation
(as: def. new retail services / def. ITC protocol)
**+ cyber security frame
***++ mini unbundling distribution
(only data ownership? Some new services?)
>> CEER options to come to EC
15
16. www.florence-school.eu
[III.1](sl.4) The internal electricity market:
A “smart retail” boom coming?
• 1.2/2 EU Retail market “maxi”:
Really need full “smart retail EU 3d Package” as …
*EU retail market “Target Model”,
**full distrib. grid unbundling,
***EU level grid codes and ITC codes,
** **EU level methodology for distribution grid planning and regulation,
** ***an ENDSO-E twinning & mirroring ENTSO-E
But the US do not need all this cumbersome arsenal…
Yes : Us in the EU are really like the US – we did notice it since a while…
16
17. www.florence-school.eu
[III.2] (sl.1) The internal gas market: a last mile
needed, or one thousand miles more?
• Yes EU faces two types of shocks *US & Saudi Arabia for price – **Russia?
for volume?
• And so what? Could we really do anything to prepare or respond?
• 2.1 EU Gas wholesale “mini”:
¤ No market is built only for addressing too specific types of shocks
¤ Let market work (Sh.T / LT) : that’s it
¤ Only to consolidate existing EU Target Model we need very few …
*few connections West-East;
**some capacity allocation & balancing regimes here;
***market coupling there
17
18. www.florence-school.eu
[III.2] (sl.2) The internal gas market: a last mile
needed, or one thousand miles more?
• 2.2 EU Gas wholesale “maxi”:
Of course no “purely” market base remedy to earthquake…
hence public intervention as:
*checking National Security Plans consistency;
**linking National Plans & TYNDP
***creating EU stocks/ flows monitoring;
** **new investment vehicles for TSOs undertaking “non commercially
viable” investments as LNG T. or External interco.
18
19. www.florence-school.eu
[III.3] (sl.1) EU @28 MS “target sets” from 20-20-20 to
2030: could it lead us (EU) somewhere?
• End of Berlin-2007 demanding triple targets:
• Hence “deep renationalization” of 2030 EU energy targets?
• Frankly: why to worry about? Willingness to act is political & national
• And why not to worry?
• 3.1 – 2030@28 Target “mini”:
Exiting RES priority …
and scaling back to CO2 only target (GHG Cap)
+ some R&D and International Green funding.
¤ > See Stern& Calderon report for UN. Sept 2014
¤ >> NB they also call for:
*full fossil subsidy phasing out
** progressive coal ban…
19
20. www.florence-school.eu
[III.3] (sl.2) EU @28 MS “target sets” :
could it lead us (EU) somewhere?
• 3.2 - 2030@28 Target “maxi”:
OK (Fall 2013 to Oct 2014) We won’t see EuCouncil changing its mind soon
BUT:
Energy efficiency target for “coalition of the willing MS”? (1/2 MS or so?)…
1- doesn’t touch national energy mix
(from RES to coal, nuclear & shale gas);
2- has “growth support” flavor : buildings
(+ “circular” & “sharing” economy)
3- time come to discuss National Action Plans
(see Germany / new EU “California industry paradox”?)
+ questions business models… (national only?)
+ … also market & regulation principles (EU open or MS trench)
+… org. financing & bankability (within Juncker’s fund plan? EIB?)
20
21. www.florence-school.eu
[III.4](sl.1) The “2030@28” governance:
any appropriate EU frame for this new policy?
• 28 country ways to go to 2030: we know
• Could Commission cope with it within existing <Internal Market +
Competition> tool box?
• We wonder: Why not? How?
• 4.1 - 2030 Governance “mini”: Do not worry…
¤ Be EU market happy…
¤ EC has all needed weaponry in Internal Market & Competition Policy:
no need to do more than:
*all RES in an open market;
**all capacity mechanisms being DG Comp compliant;
***all retail market and demand response rules being Internal Market & DG
Comp compliant
21
22. www.florence-school.eu
[III.4](sl.2) The “2030@28” governance:
any appropriate EU frame for this new policy?
.2 - 2030 Governance “maxi”: Do not dream…
You cannot frame demanding non-market issue GHG sustainability only with
market-related tools (even Carbon Price doesn’t act) …
Time to discuss new governance & new ad-hoc powers: {“Energy Union”}?
*market &grid regulatory powers at EU level;
**carbon tax &fossil subsidies; powers at EU level
***plant & car emission caps powers at EU level;
** **neighboring NAP consistency approval powers at EU level; etc…
Whom?
*Commission itself?
** what about Euro-bodies ”Expertise” as Acer? Entso? Endso? EnMOs?
***Much more Bottom Up? Regional MS, NRAs, Mos & TSOs? >> time for
regional “blossoming”?
22
23. www.florence-school.eu
[III.5] (sl.1) External energy (security &policy): some
Ext.Energy Union… or only @28 Ext.Energy Disunion?
• External energy security @28? Why? What would you like to achieve?
• See EU “Border Security” as dirty war in Ukraine (Donald Tusk Pdt
EuCouncil yesterday: how weak we are; how well it is known worldwide)
• 5.1 External energy “mini”: best friends? BAU!
Our best friends to get the max from external energy CONSTRAINTS are our
twin internal markets / gas & power… …
# The more flows will flow &arbitrage work: the best possible we will get…
# Because our markets pool all resources @EU level
# We cannot get ideal resources only the ones available : we then only need
to let them freely flowing inside the EU > as in the US > hence EU Internal
Market
23
24. www.florence-school.eu
[III.5] (sl.2) some Ext.Energy Union…
or only @28 Ext.Energy Disunion?
• 5.2 External energy “mini+”:
(Oettinger + Tusk) Market? Yes BUT++ because EU internal markets give
their best only IF all their external borders are put INSIDE our internal EU
frame … as:
*interconnections planning & unbundling (ex. Morocco – Spa – Por- Fra);
**interconnections access & tariffs;
***energy supply bilateral “agreements” & “contracts” compliant with
Trade, Internal Mark & Competition EU policies;
+ Why not some case by case “Joint Venture” or “Single Buyer”?
One could add:
** ** “real” integration between EU Internal markets-grids &EFTA (CH – NR)
+ Energy Community markets & grids (UKR or Serbia)
24
25. www.florence-school.eu
[III.5] (sl.3) some Ext.Energy Union…
or only @28 Ext.Energy Disunion?
• 5.3 External energy “maxi”: (J. Delors in 2010; H. Kohl; etc.)
only an Energy Union with substantial powers could put EU on track for
external energy security EU external energy security too close from “hard
security affairs” being key MS sovereign powers (as: immigration, terrorism
or cyber attacks)…. Challenges faced today by EU for energy security as big as
“European Defense Community “&“European Coal &Steel Community” in the
50’ + US not anymore our “World Cop” >> EU answers needed as big as in 50’
• Content: ALL option“mini+” [*interconnections planning&unbundling,
**access&tariffs; ***supply bilateral agreements&contracts compliant with
Trade, IntMark & Comp. Policies; +** ** integration between EU Internal
markets-grids and neighboring markets-grids]
+ any other “external energy policy matter” (from EFTA, Energy Community
to Energy Charter & Neighboring Policy)
>> put in a new Treaty bidding EU MS with new rules & new laws…
>> or voluntary “Pro-Treaty”: a Schengen-like alliance of the willing MS…
25
27. www.florence-school.eu
1- ‘’Energy Union’’ has NO predefined content.
NOT a new institution (EU Treaty or pro-Treaty (Schengen-like
Agreement) - even not EU body (say ‘ACER’ or ‘ENTSO’) >> SO many
alternative Energy Union(s) are conceivable
2- an Energy Union <mini-mini>?
(EU) can put new tag on (existing institutions + BAU) = call it Ener.Un
Within this BAU what we wil finally get is however undefined:
¤ MS have the power to take strong initiatives (Germany: Off-shore +
Energy Efficiency) (UK: SoS being Capacity mechanism + LT contrat
with UK Nuclear + off-shore + ISO Grid +?) (France: own Capacity
mechanism + will do off-shore too? Will put EDF as shareholder of
Areva + strangle ‘EPR’ &create new ‘small’ nuke reactors 600MW’;etc )
¤ Commission has strong (Internal Market + Competition Policy tools):
but more reactive than proactive?
¤ Council has strong (ex ante) veto powers; ¤Parliament (ex post) too
3- an Energy Union <mini+>?
(New tag on existing institutions + extended to new prefered policies)
see Delors Institute-J.A Vinois / S.Andoura : EnUn >> Internal Market
28. www.florence-school.eu
¤3-1> Commission (and/or Parliament ; or Council see Tusk SoS) can
take ‘policy initiatives’ and see how MS would respond {as: solidarity;
retail innovation; energy efficiency till heating & transportation; }
¤3-2> Existing EU bodies (ENTSOs ACER) have an autonomous sphere
of action: grid codes; EU Target Model + (ENTSO-e ‘joint ventures’ RSI;
JAO) <remember ‘Market Coupling’> + «Board of ACER for NRAs?
¤3-3> Advanced MS could deepen ‘regional initiatives’ (’Pentalateral
forum’, ‘North-Sea Grid ’ or ‘Visegrad alliance’
¤3-4> + Commission keeps all weaponery (as Internal Market + State
Aid-Competition Policy) to open bargaining areas into the new
territories open by other initiatives (Bottom UP opens to TOP)
¤3-5> If so: Commission could come back in 2016 with *a legislative
package (regulation or directive) OR **local ‘Yalta(s)’ (either
°Communication, °°Guide Lines, °°°Decisions see deals: UK LT nuclear
and Germany RES surchange, etc)
4- Energy Union maxi (a full new ‘Institutional frame’ + extended
content for policy) as Delors 2010 & Kohl 2014
The less likely // while perfectly logic // but too demanding in a
period of ‘’Europessimism ’’ and ‘’institutional fatigue’’?
29. www.florence-school.eu
Florence School offers you full-fledged online
• A course directed by Ignacio Pérez-Arriaga (MIT, FSR & Comillas )
• 20 weeks of flexible online training
• Exclusive access Pérez-Arriaga’s guidebook “Regulation of the Power Sector”
• Direct interaction with a Faculty of leading experts (led by Ignacio’s team)
• Support from the FSR Online Community
• A Certificate of attendance (both FSR & Comillas)
1st edition 2 February –5 July 2015 (sold-out: 185 candidates registered)
2nd edition October 2015 –January 2016 > watch registration window @
http://florenceonlineschool.eui.eu/
31. www.florence-school.eu 31
Thank you for your attention
Email contact: jean-michel.glachant@eui.eu
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