The document discusses the potential trade relationships and World Trade Organization (WTO) obligations of the United Kingdom following its exit from the European Union. It outlines four main options: 1) remaining in the EU single market like Norway, 2) joining the EU customs union like Turkey, 3) negotiating a free trade agreement with the EU, or 4) having no special agreement and trading with the EU under standard WTO terms. For each option, it discusses the implications for UK-EU trade, the UK's independent WTO commitments, and the UK's trade with the rest of the world.
On June 23rd 2016 the UK voted in a referendum to leave the European Union. Prime Minister David Cameron resigned the morning after the vote and a few weeks later, Theresa May was elected leader of the Conservative Party and new Prime Minister
The process of Brexit has begun although the timing of the decision to invoke Article 50 of the EU treaty remains uncertain
Once Article 50 is invoked, there is a maximum period of two years before the UK finally leaves the EU. The terms of the UK’s new economic relationship with the EU also remain uncertain.
Brexit what are the implications for eu based exporters to the ukPeter Tomlinson
This presentation aims to identify the agenda ítems that exporters to the UK and UK importers need to consider when designing futute marketing and pricing strategies post Brexit in 2019. This is for teaching purposes only-
BREXIT
Brexit 1
What is Brexit? 1
What are the main arguments for Brexit? 1
What are the arguments against Brexit? 2
Why Britain voted to leave the EU 2
What could the prospect of Brexit mean for India? 2
Brexit And Indian Corporates In The Long Run 3
Brexit And Indian Corporates In The Short Run 4
Brexit and IT Corporates 4
Brexit and Pharmaceutical Industry 5
Brexit and Auto Component Manufacturers 5
Strategies to survive the BREXIT impact for Indian Corporates 5
Way Forward 8
On June 23rd 2016 the UK voted in a referendum to leave the European Union. Prime Minister David Cameron resigned the morning after the vote and a few weeks later, Theresa May was elected leader of the Conservative Party and new Prime Minister
The process of Brexit has begun although the timing of the decision to invoke Article 50 of the EU treaty remains uncertain
Once Article 50 is invoked, there is a maximum period of two years before the UK finally leaves the EU. The terms of the UK’s new economic relationship with the EU also remain uncertain.
Brexit what are the implications for eu based exporters to the ukPeter Tomlinson
This presentation aims to identify the agenda ítems that exporters to the UK and UK importers need to consider when designing futute marketing and pricing strategies post Brexit in 2019. This is for teaching purposes only-
BREXIT
Brexit 1
What is Brexit? 1
What are the main arguments for Brexit? 1
What are the arguments against Brexit? 2
Why Britain voted to leave the EU 2
What could the prospect of Brexit mean for India? 2
Brexit And Indian Corporates In The Long Run 3
Brexit And Indian Corporates In The Short Run 4
Brexit and IT Corporates 4
Brexit and Pharmaceutical Industry 5
Brexit and Auto Component Manufacturers 5
Strategies to survive the BREXIT impact for Indian Corporates 5
Way Forward 8
Brexit: The customs impact on UK businessesAlex Baulf
Following the referendum vote on 23 June 2016, the UK has voted to leave the EU. Exactly when this will happen and how is not yet known. In the coming months, the UK will be expected to submit its withdrawal notice to the EU Council -under Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) -to formally notify the EU of its withdrawal. The notification will trigger a two-year notice period and negotiations on the terms of a UK exit will begin. Until then, UK businesses should continue to comply with and trade under the existing Union Customs Code (UCC) that entered into force on 1 May 2016.
Assuming that 'Brexit' does eventually happen, businesses need to:
• assess the risks and opportunities that this poses for their supply chain
• where possible, put in place plans to manage these changes, to ensure their activities run smoothly and mitigate the potential impact, and
• take appropriate steps to prepare for the ‘unknown’.
Unless there is a dramatic 'U' turn, it seems clear that, at some point in the future, the UK will leave the EU. From a UK business perspective such a move will not only present many challenges, but will also provide opportunities.
The vote to leave will continue to create considerable uncertainty until the details of any agreement(s) are known. Businesses affected by Brexit will need to plan for that uncertainty and will need to understand the potential impacts. For this reason, a supply chain impact assessment is prudent and should help to provide some clarity in relation to a business’s exposure.
A2 Essay Exam Skills - Common External Tariffs in the EUtutor2u
This is an example of a colour coded approach to writing an exam essay for A2 macro on the impact on consumers and producers of the common external tariff which is part of the EU's customs union.
Ivo Pezzuto - "BREXIT" - THE GLOBAL ANALYST - MARCH 2016 Dr. Ivo Pezzuto
In this article, Dr. Ivo Pezzuto analyzes the politcal, eocnomic, and social consequences of a potential "Brexit" scenario following Britain's referendum of June 23rd, 2016.
These slides were done prior to the vote, but what is obvious is the fact Sterling is the last man to stand against parity to the USD in historical terms, maybe its time for it to go below parity!
The Business of Brexit: How Will You Be Impacted?Gowling WLG
The U.K. has voted to leave the European Union. And while Brexit likely won't happen for at least two years, organizations around the world are anxiously wondering what it will mean for their business.
To address these questions in a Canadian context, Gowling WLG recently offered a series of Brexit seminars in our offices across Canada, titled “The Business of Brexit: How will you be impacted?”
With over 1,400 legal professionals in 18 cities worldwide — including across Canada, the U.K. and Europe — Gowling WLG is uniquely positioned to help clients navigate the challenges that Brexit may present.
Led by Gowling WLG’s Brexit experts, this on-demand seminar focuses on:
The process for the U.K. to withdraw from the EU
How the U.K. legal landscape may change
The potential impact of Brexit on Canadian businesses and key global industry sectors.
Brexit: The customs impact on UK businessesAlex Baulf
Following the referendum vote on 23 June 2016, the UK has voted to leave the EU. Exactly when this will happen and how is not yet known. In the coming months, the UK will be expected to submit its withdrawal notice to the EU Council -under Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) -to formally notify the EU of its withdrawal. The notification will trigger a two-year notice period and negotiations on the terms of a UK exit will begin. Until then, UK businesses should continue to comply with and trade under the existing Union Customs Code (UCC) that entered into force on 1 May 2016.
Assuming that 'Brexit' does eventually happen, businesses need to:
• assess the risks and opportunities that this poses for their supply chain
• where possible, put in place plans to manage these changes, to ensure their activities run smoothly and mitigate the potential impact, and
• take appropriate steps to prepare for the ‘unknown’.
Unless there is a dramatic 'U' turn, it seems clear that, at some point in the future, the UK will leave the EU. From a UK business perspective such a move will not only present many challenges, but will also provide opportunities.
The vote to leave will continue to create considerable uncertainty until the details of any agreement(s) are known. Businesses affected by Brexit will need to plan for that uncertainty and will need to understand the potential impacts. For this reason, a supply chain impact assessment is prudent and should help to provide some clarity in relation to a business’s exposure.
A2 Essay Exam Skills - Common External Tariffs in the EUtutor2u
This is an example of a colour coded approach to writing an exam essay for A2 macro on the impact on consumers and producers of the common external tariff which is part of the EU's customs union.
Ivo Pezzuto - "BREXIT" - THE GLOBAL ANALYST - MARCH 2016 Dr. Ivo Pezzuto
In this article, Dr. Ivo Pezzuto analyzes the politcal, eocnomic, and social consequences of a potential "Brexit" scenario following Britain's referendum of June 23rd, 2016.
These slides were done prior to the vote, but what is obvious is the fact Sterling is the last man to stand against parity to the USD in historical terms, maybe its time for it to go below parity!
The Business of Brexit: How Will You Be Impacted?Gowling WLG
The U.K. has voted to leave the European Union. And while Brexit likely won't happen for at least two years, organizations around the world are anxiously wondering what it will mean for their business.
To address these questions in a Canadian context, Gowling WLG recently offered a series of Brexit seminars in our offices across Canada, titled “The Business of Brexit: How will you be impacted?”
With over 1,400 legal professionals in 18 cities worldwide — including across Canada, the U.K. and Europe — Gowling WLG is uniquely positioned to help clients navigate the challenges that Brexit may present.
Led by Gowling WLG’s Brexit experts, this on-demand seminar focuses on:
The process for the U.K. to withdraw from the EU
How the U.K. legal landscape may change
The potential impact of Brexit on Canadian businesses and key global industry sectors.
BREXIT Public Meeting was presented by William Dartmouth MEP UKIP and was viewed by a capacity audience. A powerful Slide Show proving how we could make the UK great again if we left the EU and answered questions. Dr David Owen former Foreign Secretary 1977 to 1979 also spoke at this event and his speech will be uploaded separately.
The Economist Educational Foundation is a charity that was set up by The Economist in 2012. It enables young people to be involved in decisions affecting their lives by helping them develop thoughtful voices on social, political and economic issues. We work with ten year olds and upwards in the UK who might otherwise feel forced to stand on the edge of important conversations. Using The Economist’s journalistic expertise, we provide these young people with inspiring opportunities to learn about current affairs and develop the skills to engage with them in an open-minded and constructive way.
On June 23rd 2016 the UK voted in a referendum to leave the European Union.
Prime Minister David Cameron resigned the morning after the vote
A few weeks later, Theresa May was elected leader of the Conservative Party and new Prime Minister.
The terms of the UK’s new economic relationship with the EU remain uncertain.
Hard Brexit
Means that the United Kingdom leaves the EU Single Market and trades under World Trade Organization rules
Under WTO rules, each member must grant the same market access—including charging the same tariffs—to all other members as the most favoured nation
Soft Brexit
Involves the option of staying in the Single Market (like Norway)
As a member of the European Economic Area (EEA), Norway has a free trade agreement with the European Union, which means that there are no tariffs on trade between the two
Triggering Article 50 on 29 March 2017 officially started the Brexit negotiations: UK about to officially leave the EU in March 2019. In the short-run little clarity expected for business and policy makers.
The impact of Brexit on climate and energy policyRichard Tol
The UK has decided to leave the EU but maintain its climate targets. However, three central planks of UK climate policy, emission permit trade, interconnection, and nuclear power, depend on the EU. This paper discusses the implications of Brexit for climate policy.
Auctioning of emission allowances under the EU ETSLeonardo ENERGY
The European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Europe in a cost-effective manner. It is based on the cap-and-trade approach where a carbon market is created on which emission allowances are auctioned. Although today auctioning does not cover the totality of the emission allowances in the EU, it represents the main allocation principle.
To create the carbon market and allow auctioning to happen, the European legislators have put in place a system classically involving an auction platform, a monitoring, reporting and verification system, as well as rules regarding transparency and market abuse.
This system results in a carbon price which is key to the current structure of the EU climate and energy policy and is a matter of interest for a series of stakeholders.
The course will look into the structure and functioning of auctioning under the EU ETS and bring some practical perspectives based on experience before reflecting on the expected evolution of the system.
Glyn Moody TAFTA/TTIP talk at re:publica 14glynmoody
This short talk presents a brief background to the Transatlantic Trade & Investment Partnership (TTIP), also known as TAFTA, and explains why the predicted benefits are far smaller than are generally believed. It also explores an important but neglected aspect: the likely costs.
The DCFTA Provisions and their Implementation: Some Observations Bertelsmann Stiftung
The presentation reviews several key DCFTA provisions and their implementation from the point of view what other countries could learn from this experience. Veronika Movchan is a Ukraine expert, an academic director and Head of the Center for Economic Studies at IER in Kiev. Her main research interests are for example trade policy and regional integration.
Brexit Update Harper Adams University 9 June 2017Charles Cowap
Slides from a presentation for students at Harper Adams on 9 June 2017, day after the 2017 General Election. The voxvote poll is for live audience participation so it will not work on this version of the presentation.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...
Brexit & Trade: An EU Perspective
1. Peter Ungphakorn
former senior information officer
WorldTrade Organization
pmungphakorn@gmail.com https://tradebetablog.wordpress.com/
2. • Environmental goods agreement
• Fisheries subsidies (not ag in
WTO)
• Other environmental issues
• UK-EU trade relations
• UK in WTO
• EU in WTO
• Trade policies in general
3. Present situation UK is EU member
Single market
Free movement of:
goods
services
capital
people (labour)
WTO (UK and EU are members)
UK’s WTO rights and obligations
As EU
UK’s relationship with EU
Subject toWTO rules on “regional trade
agreements” and “Integration”
GATTArt.24 (goods)
GATSArt.5 (services)
UK’s relationship with rest-of-the-world
Free trade agreements — via EU, also
subject toGATTArt.24 and GATSArt.5
Standard tariffs and access to services
markets — EU ‘schedules’ of commitments
apply
5. Brexit 1 UK has full access to EU market
Single market
As EEA (Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein),
Switzerland* — free movement of:
goods
services
capital
people (labour)
UK as WTO member
WTO rights and obligations
Negotiate own ‘schedules’ of commitments
UK and EU
WTO rules on “regional trade agreements”
and “Integration”
GATTArt.24 (goods), GATSArt.5 (services)
UK and rest-of-world
Free trade agreements — also subject to
GATTArt.24 and GATSArt.5
Standard tariffs and access to services
markets — UK has to use own
commitments for goods, services
* Switzerland’s access is via separate bilateral
agreements
6. Brexit 2 UK in EU customs union
Customs union
AsTurkey — free movement of goods (some
rules-of-origin, other customs requirements).
Services, capital, labour have access to EU
single market according to other negotiated
arrangements
UK as WTO member
UK’s WTO rights, obligations — Negotiate own
‘schedules’ of commitments
UK and EU
Goods:WTO customs union rules —
GATTArt.24
Services: UK’s/EU’sWTO commitments or
WTO integration rules — GATSArt.5
UK and rest-of-world
Free trade agreements — also subject to
GATTArt.24 and GATSArt.5
UK uses EU commitments for goods, but
has to have own commitments on services
7. Brexit 3 UK-EU free trade agreement
Free trade agreement (FTA)
Wide variety of types
Different coverage, depth, exceptions
UK, EU negotiate access to each other for
goods, services (underWTO disciplines)
Possibly capital, people/labour
Modern FTAs: regulation, mutual
recognition, dispute settlement /arbitration,
etc
UK as WTO member
UK’s WTO rights, obligations — Negotiate own
‘schedules’ of commitments
UK and EU
WTO rules on “regional trade agreements”
and “Integration”
GATTArt.24 (goods), GATSArt.5 (services)
UK and rest-of-world
Free trade agreements — also subject to
GATTArt.24 and GATSArt.5
Standard tariffs and access to services
markets — UK has to use own
commitments for goods, services
8. Brexit 4 None of the above
UK-EU
The same as with all otherWTO members
(except those with a free trade agreement or
preferential access).
UK as WTO member
UK’s WTO rights, obligations — Negotiate own
‘schedules’ of commitments
UK and EU
Standard tariffs and access to services
markets — UK and EU have to use own
commitments for goods, services
UK and rest-of-world
Free trade agreements — also subject to
GATTArt.24 and GATSArt.5
Standard tariffs and access to services
markets — UK has to use own
commitments for goods, services
9. • WTO rules not just default
• Any special UK, EU bilateral relations subject to Arts.24 and 5
— grey areas, both UK and EU
have to be clever
(not handful of sectors)
• UK and non-EU countries
(FTAs, WTO trade).
Can CETA be trilateral?
10. • UK schedules, the main post-Brexit negotiation in the WTO — tariffs (including oranges,
processed foods), TRQs, ag subsidies, taking account of UK-EU trade in these
• Participation in WTO
generally, (committees,
disputes, ministerial
conference, negotiations)
capacity question
— involved in all negotiations
Tariff rate %
Quota limit tonnes
20%
80%
In-quota imports, charged 20%
Country A Country B Country C Rest of the
world
Out-of-quota
imports,
charged 80%
Imports tonnes10,000 t
An imaginary tariff-rate quota (TRQ) EU28
11. • EU 10,000–tonne TRQ divided UK:EU
• UK and EU shares subdivided between exporters
Tariff rate %
EU27 quota limit tonnes
20%
80%
In-quota EU27 imports, charged 20%
Country A Country B Country C Rest of the
world
Out-of-quota
imports,
charged 80%
Imports tonnes10,000 t
UK quota limit tonnes
Country A
Country B
Country C
Rest of the world
In-quota UK
imports, charged
20%
Haggle-points (1) UK + EU27 still fixed at 10,000 tonnes
12. EU27 quota limit tonnes
20%
80%
In-quota EU27 imports, charged 20%
Country A Country B Country C Rest of the
world
Out-of-quota
imports,
charged 80%
Imports tonnes
?
Haggle-points (2) UK + EU27 TRQ size also under negotiation
UK quota limit tonnes
Country A
Country B
Country C
Rest of the world
In-quota UK
imports, charged
20%
• Total 10,000–tonne UK+EU TRQ — also re-negotiated?
Tariff rate %
13. Latest EU certified WTO schedule, WTO document WT/LET/666 (for the EU–15) of 22 February 2010
Description of products Tariff item
number(s)
Final quota quantity and in-
quota tariff rate
Other terms and conditions
Meat of sheep or goats, fresh
chilled or frozen
0204
283 825 t
(Carcase-weight)
0%
Allocated to supplying countries as follows:
Argentina 23.000 t
Australia 18.650 t
Chile 3.000 t
New Zealand 226.700 t
Uruguay 5.800 t
Iceland 600 t
Poland 200 t
Rumania 75 t
Hungary 1.150 t
Bulgaria 1.250 t
Bosnia Herzegovina 850 t
Croatia 450 t
Slovenia 50 t
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 1.750 t
Greenland 100 t
Other 200 t
Qualification for the quota is subject to conditions laid down
in the relevant Community provisions.
2015 UK exported to EU ~75,000 tonnes duty-free
14. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1354/2011, 20 December 2011
Description of products Quota quantity and
in-quota tariff rate
Country allocations (and use Jan–Aug 2016, not whole year)
Meat of sheep or goats, fresh chilled or
frozen
0204
285 910 t
(Carcase-weight)
0%
Argentina 23 000 t (797 t)
Australia 19 186 t (9 286 t)
New Zealand 228 254 t (143 794 t)
Uruguay 5 800 (1 020 t)
Chile 7 400 t (1 939 t)
Norway 300 t (1 t)
Greenland 100 t (1 t)
Faeroes 20 t (0 t)
Turkey 200 t (0 t)
Others 200 t (0 t)
“Erga Omnes” 200 t (186 t)
(= all origins including the countries mentioned in the current table)
Iceland* 1 850 t (750 t)
2015 UK exported to EU ~75,000 tonnes duty-free
15. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
EU Japan US Russia Switzerland Canada Norway Brazil
Water Actual AMS ($bn)
$79.7bn
$37.5bn
$19.1bn
$8.1bn
$4.3bn $3.2bn
$1.3bn $0.9bn
8.2% 14.5% 36.2%
0.6% 60.0% 19.5% 85.3% 0%
Sources: Latest information notified by WTO members. US, Russia, Brazil notified in US dollars. Others in own currencies
Unofficial conversions to US dollars, using IMF Representative Exchange Rates, July 22, 2016, for indicative comparisons only
% of trade-distorting domestic support (AMS) entitlements used, most recent information
16. — tariffs, TRQs, ag subsidies (also with environmental impact)
www.economistsforbrexit.co.uk/
17. • Budget, policy impact on CAP / CAP
reform
• UK-Ireland border, market access
• Others
http://ec.europa.eu/budget/figures/interactive/index_en.cfm
BE
4%
BG
0%
CZ
1% DK
2%
DE
20%
EE
0%
IE
1%
EL
1%
ES
7%
FR
15%
HR
0%
IT
12%
CY
0%
LV
0%
LT
0%
LU
0%
HU
1%
MT
0%
NL
6%
AT
2%
PL
3%
PT
1%
RO
1%
SI
0%
SK
1%
FI
1%
SE
3%
UK
16%
UK share of EU budget revenue 2015
18. • Budget, policy impact on CAP / CAP
reform
• UK-Ireland border, market access
• Others
http://ec.europa.eu/budget/figures/interactive/index_en.cfm
BE
5%
BG
2%
CZ
5%
DK
1%
DE
8%
EE
0%
IE
2%
EL
5%
ES
11%
FR
11%
HR
0%
IT
9%
CY
0%
LV
1%
LT
1%
LU
1%
HU
4%
MT
0%
NL
2%
AT
1%
PL
10%
PT
2%
RO
5%
SI
1%
SK
3%
FI
1%
SE
1%
UK
6%
UK share of EU expenditure 2015
19. • Environmental goods (free trade negotiations)
• Fisheries subsidies (not ag in WTO)
• Other environmental issues
20. duty-free/low duty for products
based on 54-item APEC list
Deadlock over list:
— bicycles?
The Australian government says …
http://dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/environmental-goods-
agreement/Pages/environmental-goods-agreement.aspx