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Breast cancer ppt
- 1. Overview of Breast Cancer Dr. Rizwana Syed M.D. Ob Gyn
- 2. Breast Cancer Facts 2nd leading cause of death 2nd most common cancer Incidence increases with age All women are at risk
- 3. How is theBreast Designed The breasts sit on the chest muscles that cover the ribs. Each breast is made of 15 to 20 lobes. Lobes contain many smaller lobules. Lobules contain groups of tiny glands that can produce milk. Milk flows from the lobules through thin tubes called ducts to the nipple. The nipple is in the center of a dark area of skin called the areola. Fat fills the spaces between the lobules and ducts.
- 4. Types of BreastCancer Ductal Carcinoma • Originate in ducts that carry milk to nipples • If cancer confined to duct = in situ (DCIS) • Usually found on mammogram • If moved beyond duct = invasive or infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma rare
- 5. What causes Breastcancer • Breast cancer is always caused by a genetic abnormality (a “mistake” in the genetic material). However, only 5-10% of cancers are due to an abnormality inherited from your mother or father. About 90% of breast cancers are due to genetic abnormalities that happen as a result of the aging process and the “wear and tear” of life in general.
- 6. Risk Factors forBreast Cancer Gender: female (1% males) Race: more common in whites Age: increases as a woman gets older. Relative : (mother or sister) Menstrual history :early on set late menopause Childbirth: first child After the age of 30 or having no children at all Pregnancy and breastfeeding are protective against breast cancer
- 7. Risk Factors forBreast Cancer Obesity Diet: Fat Alcohol Lack of Physical Activity ; Stress Radiation Exposure History of cancer: breast, uterus, cervix, ovary Hormones: estrogens in Hormone replacement therapy & Birth control pills Genetics : certain conditions that are inheritated > 70% have no risk factors
- 8. Symptoms of BreastCancer Early breast cancer may not have symptoms.
- 9. Diagnosis of BreastCancer
- 10. Prevention Breast Cancer Risk Factors that can be controlled Obesity Exercise All women are Not having at risk Hormone children Replacement Therapy Breastfeeding Alcohol
- 12. Screening For BreastCancer A Good Breast Health Plan • Self Awareness (Monthly Self Exams) (BSE) • Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) • Mammograms
- 13. Screening Average-size lump foundby woman practicing occasional breast self-exam (BSE) Average-size lump found by woman practicing regular breast self-exam (BSE) Average-size lump found by first mammogram Average-size lump found by getting regular mammograms z i r
- 14. Breast Self Examination(BSE) • Opportunity for woman to become familiar with her breasts • Monthly exam of the breasts and underarm area • May discover any changes early • Begin at age 20, continue monthly
- 15. When to doBSE • Menstruating women- 5 to 7 days after the beginning of their period • Menopausal women - same date each month • Pregnant women – same date each month • Takes about 10 minutes • Perform BSE at least once a month • Examine all breast tissue
- 17. Why don’t morewomen practice BSE • Fear • Embarrassment • Youth • Lack of knowledge • Too busy, forgetfulness
- 18. Clinical Breast Examination •Performed by doctor or trained nurse practitioner • Annually for women over 40yrs • At least every 3 years for women between 20 and 40 yrs • More frequent examination for high risk patients
- 19. Mammography X-ray ofthe breast Has been shown to save lives in patients 50-69 Data mixed on usefulness for patients 40-49 Normal mammogram does not rule out possibility of cancer completely
- 20. Women (asymptomatic) 40 years of age and older should have a MAMMOGRAM every year.
- 21. Treatment for BreastCancer • Surgery • Radiation Therapy • Chemotherapy • Hormonal Therapy
- 22. Surgery •Lumpectomy •Modified Radical Mastectomy •Radical Mastectomy(rare) Reconstruction
- 23. Breast Reconstruction Pre andPost Expander and Implant
- 24. Pre and PostTissue and Implants Combined
- 25. •Radiation Therapy •Chemotherapy •Hormonal Therapy Asa adjunct to surgery depending on stage of cancer
- 26. Prognosis after BreastCancer 5-Year 10-Year Survival Survival (%) (%) Stage 0 95 90 Stage I 85 70 Stage II 70 50 Stage III 55 30 Stage IV 5 2
- 27. Myths & Facts •Touchingthe breasts too often will lead to cancer •Talking about cancer causes cancer •Using illegal drugs causes cancer •Herbs cure breast cancer (uña de gato/cat’s claw) •A bruise on the breast will lead to breast cancer. •If an incision is made during breast cancer surgery, the cancer will spread. •Getting too many mammograms leads to breast cancer. •Mammograms are only used to evaluate breast lumps.
- 28. Myths & Facts •Breast cancer only affects older women • If you have a risk factor for breast cancer, you're likely to get the disease • Using antiperspirants causes breast cancer. • A breast cancer diagnosis is an automatic death sentence. • Breast cancer is preventable
- 29.