Presented at IEEE All India Student Congress 2013 and 14th Regional Conference of International Network of Women Engineers and Scientists (INWES), questions the existence of the proverbial glass ceiling and provides justification in support of its existence.
Dear friends
i am attaching a copy of THEORETICAL STUDY ON
GLASS CEILING CONCEPT
i hope that it would be useful for you
I am glad to receive your feedbacks
With Regards
Abdul Rahiman Meharoof MSW
mob 09895503119
blog www.mrf007.blogspot.com
Ways to Improve the Impact of Women's ResearchCamille Thomas
A discussion about the lack of representation for women in academic publishing. Also, new trends in research and publishing will be presented to encourage women at Texas Tech to best produce and showcase their research. Emphasis will be placed on the advantages of participating in the digital aspects of publishing and engaging with others in and outside the field. This session is open to anyone interested in publishing their research. It is not aimed at any one discipline, skillset, or type of scholarship.
Dear friends
i am attaching a copy of THEORETICAL STUDY ON
GLASS CEILING CONCEPT
i hope that it would be useful for you
I am glad to receive your feedbacks
With Regards
Abdul Rahiman Meharoof MSW
mob 09895503119
blog www.mrf007.blogspot.com
Ways to Improve the Impact of Women's ResearchCamille Thomas
A discussion about the lack of representation for women in academic publishing. Also, new trends in research and publishing will be presented to encourage women at Texas Tech to best produce and showcase their research. Emphasis will be placed on the advantages of participating in the digital aspects of publishing and engaging with others in and outside the field. This session is open to anyone interested in publishing their research. It is not aimed at any one discipline, skillset, or type of scholarship.
Ignorance-Concealment by Amoral Means by Outsider Managers, a Covert Corrupti...Reuven Shapira
Executives’ morality and ethics became major research topics after recent business scandals, but research missed a major explanation of executives’ immorality: career advancement by “jumping” between firms that causes gaps of job-essential local know-how, tempting “jumpers” to covertly concealing managerial ignorance (hereafter: CCMI). CCMI causes mismanagement by vicious distrust and ignorance cycles, it bars performance-based career advancement and encourages immoral careerism (Im-C), advancing by immoral subterfuges. An anthropological study of five “jumper”-managed automatic processing plants and their parent inter-kibbutz co-operatives found CCMI-induced Im-C practiced by some 75% of executives, versus only by some 25% of mid-levelers.
Leading Questions for the Thought Leadership Club at Ireland’s leading B-Sc...Prabhu Guptara
Essentially, the presentation addresses the question: what should be the next step in global civilization? It does so by examining what has brought us thus far, and what is stopping us advancing further
Clark's Model is an Economic theory/hypothesis that provides a description of three type of activities (Primary Sector, Secondary Sector, Tertiary Sector, Quaternary/Quinary Sector) essential to all societies
HeANDshe and Token Man, supported by The Hobbs Consultancy and Utopia, used International Men's Day to instigate a conversation about masculinity in the workplace.
Issues discussed included how a traditional view of masculinity is harming men and how the workplace can be a microcosm for the change we want to see in the world. How do we create a more modern, inclusive and open workplace culture that works for men, women and everyone? And what have people already done to create positive change in the workplace?
Employment and The Streets: How street identified Black youth and young adult...thepeoplesreportproject
This is a secondary data analysis on the Wilmington Street PAR project (or The People's Report), a larger street ethnographic study organized to examine physical violence in Wilmington, DE. This analysis specifically explored attitudes and experiences with employment among street identified Black men and women.
Plurality of institutional logics in digital healthcare: The rise of the hyb...Lorena Macnaughtan
@ 31st EGOS Colloquium, July 2–4, 2015, Athens, Greece
Abstract:
In this paper, we explore field emergence, as it happens, aiming to enrich the theoretical understanding of this understudied phenomena and of institutional complexity. Our inductive case study is the nascent field of collaborative digital health technologies, which we follow from 2007 to present. We employ an institutional logics perspective, and drawing on existing theorization of field emergence, we point out the complex intertwine of logics and stakeholders as they reveal in time. Although preliminary, our findings present four distinct emergence phases: ingenuous age, legitimation, mobilization and stabilization, along with particular aspects like the role of legitimizing actors and the granularity of the field during mobilization. Additionally, we discuss digital technologies as enablers and material mediators of institutional change, and highlight the emerging role of the hybrid patient, with practical implications for the evolution of healthcare, as we know it.
Ignorance-Concealment by Amoral Means by Outsider Managers, a Covert Corrupti...Reuven Shapira
Executives’ morality and ethics became major research topics after recent business scandals, but research missed a major explanation of executives’ immorality: career advancement by “jumping” between firms that causes gaps of job-essential local know-how, tempting “jumpers” to covertly concealing managerial ignorance (hereafter: CCMI). CCMI causes mismanagement by vicious distrust and ignorance cycles, it bars performance-based career advancement and encourages immoral careerism (Im-C), advancing by immoral subterfuges. An anthropological study of five “jumper”-managed automatic processing plants and their parent inter-kibbutz co-operatives found CCMI-induced Im-C practiced by some 75% of executives, versus only by some 25% of mid-levelers.
Leading Questions for the Thought Leadership Club at Ireland’s leading B-Sc...Prabhu Guptara
Essentially, the presentation addresses the question: what should be the next step in global civilization? It does so by examining what has brought us thus far, and what is stopping us advancing further
Clark's Model is an Economic theory/hypothesis that provides a description of three type of activities (Primary Sector, Secondary Sector, Tertiary Sector, Quaternary/Quinary Sector) essential to all societies
HeANDshe and Token Man, supported by The Hobbs Consultancy and Utopia, used International Men's Day to instigate a conversation about masculinity in the workplace.
Issues discussed included how a traditional view of masculinity is harming men and how the workplace can be a microcosm for the change we want to see in the world. How do we create a more modern, inclusive and open workplace culture that works for men, women and everyone? And what have people already done to create positive change in the workplace?
Employment and The Streets: How street identified Black youth and young adult...thepeoplesreportproject
This is a secondary data analysis on the Wilmington Street PAR project (or The People's Report), a larger street ethnographic study organized to examine physical violence in Wilmington, DE. This analysis specifically explored attitudes and experiences with employment among street identified Black men and women.
Plurality of institutional logics in digital healthcare: The rise of the hyb...Lorena Macnaughtan
@ 31st EGOS Colloquium, July 2–4, 2015, Athens, Greece
Abstract:
In this paper, we explore field emergence, as it happens, aiming to enrich the theoretical understanding of this understudied phenomena and of institutional complexity. Our inductive case study is the nascent field of collaborative digital health technologies, which we follow from 2007 to present. We employ an institutional logics perspective, and drawing on existing theorization of field emergence, we point out the complex intertwine of logics and stakeholders as they reveal in time. Although preliminary, our findings present four distinct emergence phases: ingenuous age, legitimation, mobilization and stabilization, along with particular aspects like the role of legitimizing actors and the granularity of the field during mobilization. Additionally, we discuss digital technologies as enablers and material mediators of institutional change, and highlight the emerging role of the hybrid patient, with practical implications for the evolution of healthcare, as we know it.
We will all benefit with a more female and diverse face to science. What is the evidence as to what works? What is stereotype threat? What should we do? Clear data, simple answers, powerful paths forward to an exciting future for science, for women, for all of us. Remember, just because women are the answer does not mean men are the problem. Great photos!
Presentation by Dr. Mónica I. Feliú-Mójer, Manager of Outreach, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle at open forum discussing the challenges faced by women in science, particularly at the intersection of gender, race and culture.
December 3, 2013, Samuel Kelly Ethnic Cultural Center.
Event co-organized by Mónica I. Feliú-Mójer, Verónica Guajardo and Stephanie Gardner and sponsored by Department of Biostatistics, MESA Community College Program, Louis Stoke Alliance for Minority Participation and School of Public Health, Diversity Committee, all at the University of Washington.
Utilization of Twitter by early career women in academic medicine and science...SC CTSI at USC and CHLA
Date: October 10th, 2018
Speaker: Jaime D. Lewis, MD, Assistant Professor of Surgery at the University of Cincinnati
Overview: This webinar will highlight different ways of using Twitter for professional development to obtain the support women in academic medicine and science are otherwise lacking.
The social network Twitter will be explored as a supplemental method for navigating the networks of academic medicine. Use cases include (1) access to role models, (2) peer-to-peer interactions, and continuous education, and (3) connections with those entering the pipeline—students, trainees, and menses.
Learning objectives:
- Describe the social network Twitter as a supplemental method for navigating the networks of academic medicine.
- Understand the use of Twitter in order to:
- find role models,
- develop peer-to-peer interactions,
- foster your education, and
- connect with those entering the pipeline—students, trainees, and mentees.
Persuasive Essay Topics For High School.pdfLynn Bennett
31 Persuasive Essay Topics • JournalBuddies.com. 100 Persuasive Speech Topics for Students. Exceptional Persuasive Essay Topics High School ~ Thatsnotus. This persuasive writing pack includes a range of worksheets and .... Persuasive essays high school - College Homework Help and Online Tutoring.. Rare Easy Persuasive Essay Topics ~ Thatsnotus. Unique Persuasive Essay Topics Middle School ~ Thatsnotus. Persuasive Essay Changing School Rules. Online assignment writing .... How to Write a Persuasive Essay - A Complete Guide. 002 Persuasive Essay Topics For High School Example ~ Thatsnotus. School Essay: Persuasive topics for essays. Writing persuasive essays for high school - Writing Persuasive Essays .... 018 Persuasive Essay Examples Free High School Poemsrom Co Template For .... Wonderful Middle School Persuasive Essay Topics ~ Thatsnotus. 5th Grade Persuasive Writing Topics. Persuasive Essay - 5+ Examples, Format, Pdf | Examples. 10 Daring Persuasive Argumentative Essay Topics - Academic Writing Success. Pin on Write paper service. History Essay: Top 100 persuasive essay topics. easy essay topics for high school students persuasive handout r .... ARNELANDTEM BLOG. 50 Free Persuasive Essay Examples (+BEST Topics) ᐅ TemplateLab. Persuasive Essay Prompts for High School Students | Writing a .... Beautiful Best Persuasive Essay Topics ~ Thatsnotus. Business paper: Persuasive essay ideas for high school. Writing persuasive essays - College Homework Help and Online Tutoring.. How To Write A Persuasive Essay Youtube | PDF. Argumentative Essay Prompts for High School Students. sample persuasive essays high school - Sample Persuasive Essay - Percy .... Middle School Topics for Persuasive Essay Writing. Buy Persuasive Essay Topics For Middle School English. 20 New Essay .... 7th Grade Persuasive Writing Prompts Persuasive Essay Topics For High School
Girls are socialised to grow knowing that their role is taking care of the families. The homemaking role continues to override women career aspirations among the Kenyan women. With emerging trends in the last three decades in Kenya, more girls have continued to access higher education with most studies showing that they still fall under the social sciences. Very few women enrol and complete training in science and technology fields at higher education. This paper examines the role of career counsellors in informing career decision-making process for girls to empower them to aspire fields in science fields, a Kenyan perspective.
"What are the challenges that female researchers face? What kind of support i...MarikaKowalska1
Presentation from the webinar „What are the challenges that female researchers face and what support is useful?” led by dr Hilde Janssens from the Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2.07.2020
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Maximum exploitation of existing human resources is possible by immediate engagement of women in
science. But, historically, scientific field is found to be male-dominated. Women empowerment
embraces the good quality education. Sensitizing and encouraging the women towards education
embracement enables them to set free from ignorance, poverty and starvation. Hence, education is
continuing as the most practicable avenue for women empowerment. Imparting science education to
the entire population expedites the accomplishment of scientific and technological progression. The
present article enlightens the efforts of Indian government and United Nations towards empowerment
of women through science education and research.
Face to Face encounter Role-play presentation Due date March 20 .docxmecklenburgstrelitzh
Face to Face encounter Role-play presentation
Due date March 20
For the next upcoming face to face encounter we would like to do an acting case study forum. Each student will be subdivided into groups of 6 students. Each group will be assigned a case study for which the group will need to select the proper scientific methods to solve the problem as well as support it utilizing a nursing theory.
Each student will be assigned a role: Narrator, Nurse Practitioner, Researcher, Patient, and Theorist. Each student will need to describe their role in the case study:
First Narrator will provide the story, then the patient and the nurse practitioner (NP) will displayed interaction based on the case study (Make it realistic), then the researcher and theorist will present the scientific steps to reach the solution that the NP arrived with supporting information and the theorist will present the nursing theory selected by the group that is best allocated to your study (Why that Nursing Theory was selected). Time allowed 15 minutes per group. You are welcome to dress up, use power point presentation, pictures, music, etc in order to make the group’s point across. Please provide a short synopsis of the material being presented.
Rubric
Oral Presentation - RUBRIC
Aspect
Excellent
(A = 4)
Good
(B = 3)
Satisfactory
(C = 2)
Needs Improvement
(D = 1)
Score
Introduction
(1) Gains the attention of the Audience,
(2) Clearly identifies the topic,
(3) Establishes credibility,
(4) Previews the rest of the speech
Meets any three of the four criteria
Meets any two of the four criteria
Meets only one of the four criteria
Preparation
Completely prepared, has obviously rehearsed the speech.
Prepared, but could use additional rehearsals.
Somewhat prepared, but it seems that the speech was not rehearsed.
Unprepared
Enthusiasm
Facial expression and body language convey strong enthusiasm and interest
Facial expression and body language sometimes convey strong enthusiasm and interest
Facial expression and body language seem contrived
Apparent disinterest in the topic
Eye Contact
Eye contact with audience virtually all the time (except for brief glances at notes)
Eye contact with audience less than 75% of the time
Eye contact with audience less than 50% of the time
Little or no eye contact
Use of Language
Use of language contributes to effectiveness of the speech, and vocalized pauses
(um uh er etc.)
not distracting
Use of language does not have negative impact, and vocalized pauses
(Um uh er etc.)
not distracting
Use of language causes potential confusion, and/or vocalized pauses
(Um uh er etc.)
are distracting
Use of language is inappropriate
Confidence
Speaks neither too quickly nor too slowly
Speaks either slightly too quickly or too slowly
Speaks either too quickly or too slowly
Tempo of speech is inappropriate
Clarity
Speaks clearly and distinctly all the time, no mispronounced words
Speaks clearly and distinctly nearly all the time, no more than one misp.
This presentation focuses on women in engineering majors, the challenges they face, and what can be done to encourage more women to enter engineering programs.
Essay Plan Sample. Essay plan example. Study Plan Essay Example for Free. 20...Michelle Kennelty
Essay Planning - How to plan an essay - LibGuides at University of .... 8+ Essay Plan Templates - Free Sample, Example Format Download. 001 Essay Plan Template Intro And Body Paragraphs Table 4 ~ Thatsnotus. Essay Plan 2 - Instructions Your plan and body paragraph together .... PDF, DOC | Free & Premium Templates | Essay outline template, Essay .... Essay Plan by School Nurse Studios | Teachers Pay Teachers. Free Essay Plan Template for A-levels | Teaching Resources.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. “The term glass ceiling refers to the observation that
toplevel management in businesses consists predominantly, if
not exclusively, of a certain demographic
A "ceiling" is suggested because persons outside the
dominant demographic group are supposedly limited in
how far they are able to advance
inside the organization ranks; the ceiling is "glass"
(transparent) because the limitation is not immediately
apparent.
The "glass ceiling" is distinguished from formal barriers
to advancement, such as education or
experience requirements. The existence of the glass
ceiling is frequently cited as a failure of existing antidiscrimin
ation action.”
3. Glass Ceiling
It is no myth,
still a BARRIER !
sleek
Diaphonous
Seemingly
impervious
4. How far is the nature of science bound up with the masculine ways
of thinking which engendered it, and can science be truly
universal and objective if it is so conceived?
-Evelyn Fox Keller
A Renowned Bio Physicist
“As a woman physicist, you will need to produce twice as much
work as a man to get half the recognition. The prejudice and chauvinism of many men (no matter where they are from)
towards women physicists is appalling.”
-Prof. Robert Lange, Ph.D Advisor to Dr. Radha Balakrishnan
Brandeis University, US
Although there may be an equal numbers of men and women
enrolled in science, the number of women who make it to higher positions dramatically falls. Even if we take into account th
drop-
out rate of women from the work force due to personal reasons,
the glass ceiling makes it very difficult for women to move into
higher positions.
-Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath,
Chairperson of Centre for Neuroscience, IISc.
5. Women as a share of total researchers, 2009 or latest available year
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, July 2011
6. Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers, 2009 or latest
available year Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, July 2011.
7. 1. The differential SOCIALIZATION PATTERNS of men
and women,
•and non academic factors such as marriage and family.
2.Negative ACADEMIC ADVISING
•between the male advisors and their female graduate students
3. CAREER CHOICE
•the chauvinistic, orthodox and taken for granted male model of
academics that discourages women from full participation.
8. As young girls,
women are
encouraged to
seek help.
Pressures of
society, family
and children
Women
Encouraged to
be self reliant
and function
autonomously
No such
pressure
Men
11. But where are these 30% female science
graduates?
The constant need to prove
to their male compatriots of
their ability as a scientist, that
they won’t be subjugated by
their domestic life.
The expectation that women
students will succumb to the
pressures of child bearing and
child rearing makes some male
and female faculty wary of
taking on women students in the
first place
Pushed down due to
lack of support for child
care and child rearing
Lack of adequate
support and
encouragement from
the family.
Two shifts in work site:
from Ph.D. program to
post-doctoral position in
a different university and
from post-doc to yet
another work-site
formidable difficulties encountered
in finding employment
commensurate with one’s
qualifications, without breaking up
the family.
12. “In the end, in spite of many opportunities to do research in the
United States (US), I decided to return to India, because I felt
unable to cope with the social pressures of being a woman in
physics in the US. It really was difficult to be an acceptable scientist
and an acceptable woman at the same time.
In India, I felt while there was not such overt discrimination against
women, there was a subtle one . Unlike the US where the
few women in science supported each other, in India, I found that
women in physics did not unite, but competed against one
another. There was and is no “sisterhood’ as in the States, perhaps
because a woman here vies for acceptability by the male
community. it is very difficult to defend women’s competence if the
person bringing you down is another woman.”
Bindu A Bambah
Ph.D. (1983, Chicago), of the School of Physics, University of
Hyderabad, is a recipient of the UNESCO Young Scientists
Award and the P M S Blackett Scholarship. She works in the
areas of theoretical high energy physics and dynamical
systems.
13. There are two types of men in academics with respect
to women:
Those who follow the male model;
with negative consequences for
women
Those who are aware of the
deleterious effect of the male
model on women and who
attempt to avert its worst
consequences for their female
advisees.
14. Dearth of advisers who are willing to
encourage and be directive, because
women are often unable to puzzle out
the strategies necessary to get
through graduate school
Increased number of drop rates
due to lack of professional, financial
and emotional support.
Exploitation of
women by their
mentors
Negative Advising
15. A woman is expected to be docile and not ask too many
questions. Even where women are allowed to study and
work, some roles are still assigned to women by men. This
often acts as a deterrent for young women who may have
wished to take up careers in science.
Girls of my generation usually did not think of a lifelong
career and took up a job in a bank or became a teacher
because this career path was considered to be ‘trouble-free’.
Aruna Dhathathreyan
Ph.D. (1983, Madras), She received the Stree Shakti
Samman, the Bronze medal of the CRSI, and the
Raman Research Fellowship, CSIR. She was at the
Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in
Gottingen, Germany for several years, and since
1990 she has been a scientist at the CLRI. She is a
biophysical chemist.
I was told by these people that
whatever a woman did,
ultimately her role was that of a
good wife and a mother!
17. “I have used the word ‘fortunate’ for the simple reason that one has
to be nominated for any worthwhile award and for the Fellowship of
the Science Academy, and it was almost impossible for me, a
woman scientist in a man-dominated field, to get nominated for
prestigious awards like the Bhatnagar award. Another incident of
differential gender treatment was apparent when the Director of PRL
was to be chosen in the mid-1980s. Invariably, I had to face the
jealousy of my male colleagues. It may sound strange but it is true
that one’s scientific work is appreciated much more abroad than it
is in one’s own Country”
Bimla Buti
Ph.D. (1962, Chicago), FNA, FNASc, FTWAS. Fellow American Physical
Society. She is a past Director, Plasma Physics, ICTP, Trieste and was
President, Commission C49 of IAU. She worked in Physical Research
Laboratory. She received the Sarabhai Award for Planetary Sciences. She is a
theoretical plasma physicist.
18. INGREDIENTS TO SHATTER THIS CEILING!
knowing
how to
create and
use
networks
knowing how
to gain
support of
influential
persons
being able
to defend
one’s self
efficient
organization
acceptance
of criticism
ambition
energy
determination
Self
confidence
19. It is important that women scientists develop a support
system, and this can happen only if women scientists
network together and support and help each other.
As a minority in the work environment and between
managing two jobs - (home and the work place) – women
scientists lack the time required to network with peers and
build a support system, where one can share both triumphs
and disappointments, (the latter constituting a big part of a
scientist’s life!)
Women scientists particularly need help and support to tide
over the early period of marriage and child rearing
when they are struggling to balance their early career with
a growing family.
WHAT ELSE CAN BE DONE!
20. Believe in yourself!!!
Create balance in your life
Create you own style / develop your brand
Have mentors / be a mentor
Network, network, network (join industry
groups)
Take stretch opportunities
Ask for it
Get training
Find your passion
Embrace diversity
21. -Dr.Radha Balakrishnan
Ph.D. (1970, Brandeis) works at the Institute of Mathematical
Sciences, Chennai in the area of nonlinear dynamics and
applications in physics.
When the going gets tough (as it surely will), hold your
head high, work hard, and do not give up! Take inspiration
from the heroic lives of Sophie Germain, Ada Lovelace,
Sonya Kovalevskaya, Marie Curie, Lise Meitner, Emmy
Noether, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin and Maria
Goeppert-Meyer. The joy that one derives out of
original research, however small one’s contribution may be,
cannot be explained in words. It has to be experienced.
22. LET US LOOK forward to
helping create a new generation of
empowered scientists, who will
be known as scientists who happen to be
women, but not women
scientists.