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BRAND CONCEPTS AND STRATEGIES IN PUBLISHING
                   Dr Irini Pitsaki,
            NORTHUMBRIA UNIVERSITY, UK
• The evolution of the brand concept

                    • The brand today

             • Brand & marketing strategies

                  • Brand development

• Branding tools (brand – product matrix, brand hierarchy)




              Presentation Overview
The evolution of the brand concept


Brand is a “name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a
combination of them, intended to identify goods and services of
one seller or group of sellers and differentiate them from those
of competition”
                                     (American Marketing Association)
From the supply perspective, marketing focuses on the product;
from the demand approach, it focuses on the person
 Supply: the brand is a “means of communication or expression of
 origin”                                       (L.M. Zapico & A.I. Jimenez)

Demand: brand is a source of meaning satisfaction and symbolism,
communicates company’s values

'A tempting change'
boasted one of Virago's
first posters. Now, Virago
can look back with pride
on over thirty years of
success – in both
tempting and changing
the world – and, with
confidence look forward
to a new era of publishing
books that speak
volumes about the lives
of girls and women.
The brand today

The acceptance of brand as much more that an identifying. The brand becomes an
intermediary between the company and the person, and also a channel of exchange:


The company can present its products, and the consumer sees
his values expressed and his desires fulfilled through the brand
The brand today


“Ultimately a brand is something that resides in the minds of
consumers. A brand is a perceptual entity that is rooted in reality, but
it is also more than that, reflecting the perceptions and perhaps even
the idiosyncrasies of consumers” (K.L. Keller)

Inspiring People to Care About the Planet

Travel the Earth, sharing its amazing stories with
each new generation, support critical expeditions
and scientific fieldwork, encourage geography
education,    promote     natural  and     cultural
conservation, inspire audiences
Publishing Brands


A brand may be seen as a product with dimensions that help it
stand out, differentiate itself, and ultimately acquire more appeal
and appreciation than all products in the same category


A publishing brand is a product that:
• has a special meaning for the readers
• has a symbolic dimension (that allows individuals to identify with what it
represents)
•   allows the transference   of value   to works and authors, and vice versa

• constitutes the basis on which specialization strategies can be
established, allowing for market and company positioning
The brand today

A brand may be associated with a company, a product or a product line


To brand a product it is necessary to teach audiences “who” the product is... as
well as “what” the product does and “why” they should care. In other words, to
brand a product or service it is necessary to give people a label for the product
and to provide meaning for the brand to them”
                                                             (K.L. Keller, 2003: 13)
Marketing & Brand


Some emphasize associations with what they represent:
brands are symbols that generate emotions and determine
lifestyles
Market segmentation / Genre Strategies
Personalization Strategies
Brand Development

“Brands may take all shapes and sizes; their power does not
derive from what they are but rather from what they represent”
                                            Wally Olins (2003: 19)

Generally, there are brands that compete by a direct
association with the product and its pure nature
Brand Development


Others emphasize associations with names or origin
Brand Development
K.L. Keller´s strategic brand management model


In the aforementioned definition of brand proposed by the
American Marketing Association, it seems that brand creation
should begin with choosing a name, logotype, design and
other elements known as brand elements (K. L. Keller, 2003: 50).
These may be as numerous and diverse as the products and
companies they pertain to. Their character, approach, and
shapes will vary, enabling an infinite number of combinations
K.L. Keller´s strategic brand management model
Branding Tools / Defining the Brand Strategy


To establish a brand strategy, an interrelation between
brand and products must be chosen. K.L. Keller speaks
of two useful tools for the brand strategy determination:
the brand-product matrix and the brand hierarchy
Random Fiction
BRANDS       PRODUCTS
Random
Arrow        The
             Associate /
             Grisham
             /Paperbac
             k
Century      The           The
             Associate /   Associate /
             Grisham /     Grisham
             Trade         /Hardback
             Paperbac
             k
AudioBooks   The           CD
             Associate /
             Grisham
Branding Tools / Defining the Brand Strategy



It is important to establish a hierarchy system that reveals the explicit
order of the brand. The hierarchy displays the number and nature of
the common or distinguishing characteristics of all the company’s
products. To do so, it is fundamental to know the potential relation
between brand and products. The brand hierarchy is based on the
idea that products can be managed in diverse ways, according to
the brand elements used and the combination chosen for each
product
Branding Tools / Defining the Brand Strategy


In the hierarchies there are different ways of brand elements
definition. The simplest is moving from the corporation to brand
family, then the individual brand and then a product or modifier
(a model or specific product)
Brand Hierarchy - corporation
Brand Hierarchy - brand family
Brand Hierarchy - individual brand
Brand Hierarchy - modifier
Branding Tools / Defining the Brand Strategy


The brand hierarchy is an ideal tool for determining strategies in
the publishing sector.


This study is also about the analysis of different brand types,
starting with the corporation, then moving onto the product
(book or book series), the author and lastly, the content.
These four perspectives help to understand what a publishing
brand can be in relation to very common publishing categories
Corporate brands: the publishing house


Corporate brands strategies are based on everything that
defines the company and makes it different or better than
the others. These differentiating fundamentals must become
the protagonists of the company’s actions, be treated as
attributes of the commercialized products and, mainly, to
seen as ways of developing strong bonds with readers
Illustrated Classics, 1938

Art director: Robert Gibbings
Classics restyled1947

Jan Tschichold’s redesigns

Key elements by John Overton
Penguin Classics, 2003
Modern Classics, 2000
The person as brand: the author


The star system” consists of associating authors (creators)
“stars” with paramount texts (works). “This involves
considerable marketing efforts, in order to break a writer or
performer as a new star, or to ensure the continuation of a
star’s aura”.
                                     (D. Hesmondhalgh, 2002: 21)
The work as brand: the content


“Genre terms operate as labels, not unlike brand names, witch
suggest to audiences the kind of pleasure witch can be attained
through experiencing the product. The terms might not be universally
understood, and might not even be explicitly used: the important thing
is that a type of cultural product is suggested, associated with
particular uses and pleasures. Many cultural products promoted
and publicized primarily via genre also carry author names, but until
the author become a star, genre is paramount”
                                           (D. Hesmondhalgh, 2002: 21)
The work as brand: the content


Another way of constructing a brand from the work and the
content of the book consists of basing it on the plot or the
characters
Branding Tools / Defining the Brand Strategy



In order to determine and successfully apply brand strategies and
finally create the potential “conceptual entity” that is the brand, it is
fundamental to:



- be aware that products can be managed in diverse ways, according
to the brand elements used and the combination chosen for each
product

- know the potential relation between brand and products
Thank you!   Irini.pitsaki@northumbria.ac.uk

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Brand Concepts and Strategies in Publishing / Dr Irini Pitsaki

  • 1. BRAND CONCEPTS AND STRATEGIES IN PUBLISHING Dr Irini Pitsaki, NORTHUMBRIA UNIVERSITY, UK
  • 2. • The evolution of the brand concept • The brand today • Brand & marketing strategies • Brand development • Branding tools (brand – product matrix, brand hierarchy) Presentation Overview
  • 3. The evolution of the brand concept Brand is a “name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and differentiate them from those of competition” (American Marketing Association)
  • 4. From the supply perspective, marketing focuses on the product; from the demand approach, it focuses on the person Supply: the brand is a “means of communication or expression of origin” (L.M. Zapico & A.I. Jimenez) Demand: brand is a source of meaning satisfaction and symbolism, communicates company’s values 'A tempting change' boasted one of Virago's first posters. Now, Virago can look back with pride on over thirty years of success – in both tempting and changing the world – and, with confidence look forward to a new era of publishing books that speak volumes about the lives of girls and women.
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  • 7. The brand today The acceptance of brand as much more that an identifying. The brand becomes an intermediary between the company and the person, and also a channel of exchange: The company can present its products, and the consumer sees his values expressed and his desires fulfilled through the brand
  • 8. The brand today “Ultimately a brand is something that resides in the minds of consumers. A brand is a perceptual entity that is rooted in reality, but it is also more than that, reflecting the perceptions and perhaps even the idiosyncrasies of consumers” (K.L. Keller) Inspiring People to Care About the Planet Travel the Earth, sharing its amazing stories with each new generation, support critical expeditions and scientific fieldwork, encourage geography education, promote natural and cultural conservation, inspire audiences
  • 9. Publishing Brands A brand may be seen as a product with dimensions that help it stand out, differentiate itself, and ultimately acquire more appeal and appreciation than all products in the same category A publishing brand is a product that: • has a special meaning for the readers • has a symbolic dimension (that allows individuals to identify with what it represents) • allows the transference of value to works and authors, and vice versa • constitutes the basis on which specialization strategies can be established, allowing for market and company positioning
  • 10. The brand today A brand may be associated with a company, a product or a product line To brand a product it is necessary to teach audiences “who” the product is... as well as “what” the product does and “why” they should care. In other words, to brand a product or service it is necessary to give people a label for the product and to provide meaning for the brand to them” (K.L. Keller, 2003: 13)
  • 11. Marketing & Brand Some emphasize associations with what they represent: brands are symbols that generate emotions and determine lifestyles
  • 12. Market segmentation / Genre Strategies
  • 14. Brand Development “Brands may take all shapes and sizes; their power does not derive from what they are but rather from what they represent” Wally Olins (2003: 19) Generally, there are brands that compete by a direct association with the product and its pure nature
  • 15. Brand Development Others emphasize associations with names or origin
  • 17. K.L. Keller´s strategic brand management model In the aforementioned definition of brand proposed by the American Marketing Association, it seems that brand creation should begin with choosing a name, logotype, design and other elements known as brand elements (K. L. Keller, 2003: 50). These may be as numerous and diverse as the products and companies they pertain to. Their character, approach, and shapes will vary, enabling an infinite number of combinations
  • 18. K.L. Keller´s strategic brand management model
  • 19. Branding Tools / Defining the Brand Strategy To establish a brand strategy, an interrelation between brand and products must be chosen. K.L. Keller speaks of two useful tools for the brand strategy determination: the brand-product matrix and the brand hierarchy
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  • 22. BRANDS PRODUCTS Random Arrow The Associate / Grisham /Paperbac k Century The The Associate / Associate / Grisham / Grisham Trade /Hardback Paperbac k AudioBooks The CD Associate / Grisham
  • 23. Branding Tools / Defining the Brand Strategy It is important to establish a hierarchy system that reveals the explicit order of the brand. The hierarchy displays the number and nature of the common or distinguishing characteristics of all the company’s products. To do so, it is fundamental to know the potential relation between brand and products. The brand hierarchy is based on the idea that products can be managed in diverse ways, according to the brand elements used and the combination chosen for each product
  • 24. Branding Tools / Defining the Brand Strategy In the hierarchies there are different ways of brand elements definition. The simplest is moving from the corporation to brand family, then the individual brand and then a product or modifier (a model or specific product)
  • 25. Brand Hierarchy - corporation
  • 26. Brand Hierarchy - brand family
  • 27. Brand Hierarchy - individual brand
  • 28. Brand Hierarchy - modifier
  • 29. Branding Tools / Defining the Brand Strategy The brand hierarchy is an ideal tool for determining strategies in the publishing sector. This study is also about the analysis of different brand types, starting with the corporation, then moving onto the product (book or book series), the author and lastly, the content. These four perspectives help to understand what a publishing brand can be in relation to very common publishing categories
  • 30. Corporate brands: the publishing house Corporate brands strategies are based on everything that defines the company and makes it different or better than the others. These differentiating fundamentals must become the protagonists of the company’s actions, be treated as attributes of the commercialized products and, mainly, to seen as ways of developing strong bonds with readers
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  • 32. Illustrated Classics, 1938 Art director: Robert Gibbings
  • 33. Classics restyled1947 Jan Tschichold’s redesigns Key elements by John Overton
  • 36. The person as brand: the author The star system” consists of associating authors (creators) “stars” with paramount texts (works). “This involves considerable marketing efforts, in order to break a writer or performer as a new star, or to ensure the continuation of a star’s aura”. (D. Hesmondhalgh, 2002: 21)
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  • 39. The work as brand: the content “Genre terms operate as labels, not unlike brand names, witch suggest to audiences the kind of pleasure witch can be attained through experiencing the product. The terms might not be universally understood, and might not even be explicitly used: the important thing is that a type of cultural product is suggested, associated with particular uses and pleasures. Many cultural products promoted and publicized primarily via genre also carry author names, but until the author become a star, genre is paramount” (D. Hesmondhalgh, 2002: 21)
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  • 41. The work as brand: the content Another way of constructing a brand from the work and the content of the book consists of basing it on the plot or the characters
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  • 43. Branding Tools / Defining the Brand Strategy In order to determine and successfully apply brand strategies and finally create the potential “conceptual entity” that is the brand, it is fundamental to: - be aware that products can be managed in diverse ways, according to the brand elements used and the combination chosen for each product - know the potential relation between brand and products
  • 44. Thank you! Irini.pitsaki@northumbria.ac.uk