Gravity as entanglement, and entanglement as gravityVasil Penchev
1) The document discusses the relationship between gravity and quantum entanglement, exploring the possibility that they are equivalent or closely connected concepts.
2) It outlines an approach to interpret gravity in terms of a generalized quantum field theory that includes entanglement, which could explain why gravity cannot be quantized.
3) The key idea is that entanglement expressed "outside" of space-time points looks like gravity "inside", and vice versa, with gravity representing a smooth constraint on the quantum behavior of entities imposed by all others.
This document provides an introduction to general relativity. It begins by summarizing the key aspects of special relativity, including that spacetime is four-dimensional and transformations between inertial frames form the Poincare group. It then discusses the equivalence principle and introduces curved coordinates to describe gravity. The document derives the affine connection and Riemann curvature tensor, and introduces the metric tensor. It provides the perturbative expansion leading to Einstein's field equations and discusses solutions like the Schwarzschild metric and gravitational radiation.
Dresden 2014 A tour of some fractional models and the physics behind themNick Watkins
This document provides a summary of fractional models and the physics they seek to describe. It begins with an overview of classical Brownian motion and diffusion models, highlighting the central limit theorem, Wiener process, Langevin equation, and fluctuation-dissipation theorem. It then discusses two approaches to generalizing these models: fractional kinetics via continuous time random walks, which modifies diffusion through time subordination; and fractional motions like fractional Brownian motion, which derive from non-Markovian generalizations of the Langevin equation. The document aims to build intuition about these fractional models and their relationships to underlying physical phenomena.
This document discusses superdiffusion of waves in random media. It describes how Lévy walks, which involve random walks with heavy-tailed step lengths, can lead to superdiffusion described by fractional diffusion equations. This results in anomalous transport properties like superdiffusive propagation. The document also discusses how interference effects between multiply scattered waves can occur and be observed through phenomena like coherent backscattering in such disordered media exhibiting superdiffusion.
Conformal Field Theory and the Holographic S-Matrixliam613
This document discusses how conformal field theories (CFTs) can describe gravitational scattering and provide an effective field theory (EFT) description of gravity in anti-de Sitter space (AdS). It introduces CFTs and issues with describing gravity at high energies. It then explains how the holographic duality between CFTs and gravity theories can be used to calculate scattering matrices and understand gravitational dynamics. In particular, it outlines how calculations in Mellin space allow CFT correlation functions to describe scattering in AdS space. The document also discusses when and why CFTs exhibit an EFT structure in AdS based on the structure of EFTs with a mass gap between light and heavy states.
1. The document summarizes a conference talk on dissecting holography using higher spin gauge theories.
2. It discusses Vasiliev's higher spin gauge theory in AdS space, which describes an infinite tower of massless higher spin fields. This provides a bulk theory that is dual to certain vector models and gauge theories on the boundary.
3. The talk explores using examples where both the bulk and boundary descriptions are calculable to uncover structures of the holographic dictionary, such as examples involving higher spin gauge theory in AdS being dual to free or critical vector models on the boundary.
Presentation X-SHS - 27 oct 2015 - Topologie et perceptionMichel Paillet
This document discusses the relationship between mathematics, perception, and cognition from multiple perspectives. It covers topics like:
- Pythagoras' and Fourier's views that mathematics compensates for the imperfection of the senses.
- Aristotle, Poincare, and others' ideas that experience and perception have a mathematical basis in principles like non-contradiction.
- Models of associative memory and complex energy landscapes from fields like neural networks and statistical mechanics.
- Geometry, from Euclid to Einstein's general relativity, and its relationship to perception through ideas like projective geometry and invariance under transformation groups.
- Information theory and its connections to measure theory and set theory through concepts like
This document discusses problems with using tachyon condensation to drive inflation in string theory. It finds that inflation from tachyon condensation typically requires super-Planckian densities where the effective field theory breaks down. Additionally, if the tachyon potential minimum is at infinity, the tachyon field does not oscillate after inflation, making reheating and matter creation difficult. The tachyon would also always dominate the post-inflationary universe's energy density if it drove inflation. Successful inflation may require a second stage of inflation after the initial tachyon-driven stage.
Gravity as entanglement, and entanglement as gravityVasil Penchev
1) The document discusses the relationship between gravity and quantum entanglement, exploring the possibility that they are equivalent or closely connected concepts.
2) It outlines an approach to interpret gravity in terms of a generalized quantum field theory that includes entanglement, which could explain why gravity cannot be quantized.
3) The key idea is that entanglement expressed "outside" of space-time points looks like gravity "inside", and vice versa, with gravity representing a smooth constraint on the quantum behavior of entities imposed by all others.
This document provides an introduction to general relativity. It begins by summarizing the key aspects of special relativity, including that spacetime is four-dimensional and transformations between inertial frames form the Poincare group. It then discusses the equivalence principle and introduces curved coordinates to describe gravity. The document derives the affine connection and Riemann curvature tensor, and introduces the metric tensor. It provides the perturbative expansion leading to Einstein's field equations and discusses solutions like the Schwarzschild metric and gravitational radiation.
Dresden 2014 A tour of some fractional models and the physics behind themNick Watkins
This document provides a summary of fractional models and the physics they seek to describe. It begins with an overview of classical Brownian motion and diffusion models, highlighting the central limit theorem, Wiener process, Langevin equation, and fluctuation-dissipation theorem. It then discusses two approaches to generalizing these models: fractional kinetics via continuous time random walks, which modifies diffusion through time subordination; and fractional motions like fractional Brownian motion, which derive from non-Markovian generalizations of the Langevin equation. The document aims to build intuition about these fractional models and their relationships to underlying physical phenomena.
This document discusses superdiffusion of waves in random media. It describes how Lévy walks, which involve random walks with heavy-tailed step lengths, can lead to superdiffusion described by fractional diffusion equations. This results in anomalous transport properties like superdiffusive propagation. The document also discusses how interference effects between multiply scattered waves can occur and be observed through phenomena like coherent backscattering in such disordered media exhibiting superdiffusion.
Conformal Field Theory and the Holographic S-Matrixliam613
This document discusses how conformal field theories (CFTs) can describe gravitational scattering and provide an effective field theory (EFT) description of gravity in anti-de Sitter space (AdS). It introduces CFTs and issues with describing gravity at high energies. It then explains how the holographic duality between CFTs and gravity theories can be used to calculate scattering matrices and understand gravitational dynamics. In particular, it outlines how calculations in Mellin space allow CFT correlation functions to describe scattering in AdS space. The document also discusses when and why CFTs exhibit an EFT structure in AdS based on the structure of EFTs with a mass gap between light and heavy states.
1. The document summarizes a conference talk on dissecting holography using higher spin gauge theories.
2. It discusses Vasiliev's higher spin gauge theory in AdS space, which describes an infinite tower of massless higher spin fields. This provides a bulk theory that is dual to certain vector models and gauge theories on the boundary.
3. The talk explores using examples where both the bulk and boundary descriptions are calculable to uncover structures of the holographic dictionary, such as examples involving higher spin gauge theory in AdS being dual to free or critical vector models on the boundary.
Presentation X-SHS - 27 oct 2015 - Topologie et perceptionMichel Paillet
This document discusses the relationship between mathematics, perception, and cognition from multiple perspectives. It covers topics like:
- Pythagoras' and Fourier's views that mathematics compensates for the imperfection of the senses.
- Aristotle, Poincare, and others' ideas that experience and perception have a mathematical basis in principles like non-contradiction.
- Models of associative memory and complex energy landscapes from fields like neural networks and statistical mechanics.
- Geometry, from Euclid to Einstein's general relativity, and its relationship to perception through ideas like projective geometry and invariance under transformation groups.
- Information theory and its connections to measure theory and set theory through concepts like
This document discusses problems with using tachyon condensation to drive inflation in string theory. It finds that inflation from tachyon condensation typically requires super-Planckian densities where the effective field theory breaks down. Additionally, if the tachyon potential minimum is at infinity, the tachyon field does not oscillate after inflation, making reheating and matter creation difficult. The tachyon would also always dominate the post-inflationary universe's energy density if it drove inflation. Successful inflation may require a second stage of inflation after the initial tachyon-driven stage.
Order, Chaos and the End of ReductionismJohn47Wind
The author presents a case against reductionism based on the emergence of chaos and order from underlying non-linear processes. Since all theories are mathematical, and based on an underlying premise of linearity, the author contends that there is no hope that science will succeed in creating a theory of everything that is complete. The controversial subject of life and evolution are explored, exposing the fallacy of a reductionist explanation, and offering a theory of order emerging from chaos as being the creative process of the universe, leading all the way up to consciousness. The essay concludes with the possibility that the three-dimensional universe is a fractal boundary that separates order and chaos in a higher dimension. The author discusses the work of Claude Shannon, Benoit Mandelbrot, Stephen Hawking, Carl Sagan, Albert Einstein, Erwin Schrodinger, Erik Verlinde, John Wheeler, Richard Maurice Bucke, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, and others. This is a companion piece to the essay "Is Science Solving the Reality Riddle?"
Short Presentation of the Theory of Everything. It includes the discovery of an extra spatial dimension and that the whole Universe is traveling at the speed of light (radially). This discovery refutes General Relativity and all the current scientific framework.
- In 1976, Stephen Hawking argued that black holes destroy information, requiring a modification of quantum mechanics principles. In 2004, he changed his mind.
- Maldacena's 1997 discovery of AdS/CFT duality suggested that a black hole is dual to an ordinary thermal system described by quantum mechanics, where information is preserved. However, questions remain about how spacetime emerges in AdS/CFT and how holography works in other spacetimes.
- A 2013 paper proposed that the postulates of black hole complementarity - purity, no drama at the horizon, effective field theory validity outside the horizon - cannot all be true, suggesting a "firewall" of high-energy particles may form at the black
This document discusses fractal geometry and its applications in materials science. It begins by providing background on fractals and how they were discovered to describe natural patterns. Fractals have fractional dimensions and self-similar patterns across different scales. Non-linear dynamics and chaos theory are then introduced to study irregular patterns in nature. Specific fractal objects like the Cantor set and Koch curve are described. The document outlines how fractal analysis can be used to characterize microstructures, surfaces, cracks and particles in materials using techniques like box counting to determine fractal dimension. Finally, the role of image processing in materials science images for quantitative microstructure analysis is briefly discussed.
Paavo Pylkkänen is a professor at the University of Helsinki, Finland and the University of Skövde, Sweden who researches the philosophical implications of the ontological interpretation of quantum mechanics developed by de Broglie, Bohm, and Hiley. This interpretation sees the electron as both a particle and an active quantum wave field of information that guides the particle's behavior. Pylkkänen is particularly interested in how this concept of active information may apply beyond quantum physics in areas like biology, information technology, and cognitive science.
The document discusses quantum mechanics and three interpretations of its formalism: the Copenhagen interpretation, the many-worlds interpretation, and the transactional interpretation. It describes four quantum paradoxes around non-locality, wave-particle duality, and wave function collapse. Each interpretation aims to resolve these paradoxes while linking the mathematical formalism to physical phenomena.
The document discusses interpretations of quantum mechanics including the Copenhagen interpretation, many-worlds interpretation, and transactional interpretation. It summarizes four quantum paradoxes around wave-particle duality, quantum measurement, and non-locality. It then provides more details on the transactional interpretation, explaining how it uses advanced and retarded waves to describe quantum events and resolve the paradoxes without needing observers or wavefunction collapse. Finally, it discusses how interpretations cannot be experimentally tested but notes one potential exception with a new experiment.
Vasil Penchev. Continuity and Continuum in Nonstandard UniversumVasil Penchev
1. The document discusses infinity and the axiom of choice in mathematics. It describes how mathematics approaches infinity through axioms, negation of axioms, and postulating properties of infinite sets by analogy to finite sets.
2. It explains formulations of the axiom of choice like Zorn's lemma and defines paradoxes like Banach-Tarski that rely on the axiom of choice. It also discusses the continuum hypothesis.
3. The author argues that quantum mechanics provides empirical evidence supporting the axiom of choice since entanglement is analogous to the Banach-Tarski paradox. They also discuss negating the continuum hypothesis and axiom of foundation.
This document discusses the connection between deterministic evolution over time and differential equations from philosophical, historical, and mathematical perspectives.
From a philosophical viewpoint, the author argues that deterministic motion can be associated with semigroups and is characterized by differential equations with time derivatives. Historically, the exponential function and semigroup theory emerged from efforts to solve linear differential equations. Mathematically, the document outlines the basic theory of uniformly, strongly, and σ(X,F)-continuous semigroups of linear operators and their generators.
This document discusses a new theory called matrix logic proposed by August Stern. Matrix logic treats logic in a novel way by using vectors and tensors as logical primitives, rather than scalar values. This allows logic to be described using the same mathematical frameworks used in physical theories. Matrix logic unifies different logic theories and enhances computational power. It also provides a way to directly describe logical processes and intelligence using the language of physics. This suggests cognition and consciousness may be quantized and described fundamentally through numbers, opening new avenues for studying intelligence and fundamental interactions through a unified logical and physical framework.
This document discusses chaos theory and fractals. It defines chaos as systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions. It describes how Edward Lorenz discovered chaos through computer modeling of weather patterns. It explains key concepts like the butterfly effect and Lorenz attractor. It discusses pioneers in fractal geometry like Mandelbrot and how fractals are found throughout nature and can be used in various applications.
The document discusses quantum mechanics and three interpretations of it: the Copenhagen interpretation, the Many-Worlds interpretation, and the Transactional interpretation. It describes some key aspects of each interpretation, such as how they explain wave function collapse, the role of observers, and how they address paradoxes in quantum mechanics like non-locality. The Copenhagen interpretation relies on observer knowledge, the Many-Worlds interpretation proposes the existence of parallel worlds, and the Transactional interpretation describes quantum events as transactions involving advanced and retarded waves.
1) The Schrodinger's cat thought experiment proposes that a cat trapped in a sealed box with a radioactive atom could be considered both alive and dead before being observed.
2) According to the Copenhagen interpretation, the cat exists in a superposition of states before observation, at which point the wave function collapses and the cat is observed to be definitively alive or dead.
3) The many-worlds interpretation suggests that observation causes the universe to split into multiple worlds where the cat is observed to be alive in one world and dead in another.
The document discusses the history of prediction throughout time from magical thinking to complex rational thinking. Early humans used magical thinking and symbols to predict the future, believing they could control outcomes. Rational thinking developed methods using data and logic. However, predictions face limitations, as some phenomena are probabilistic or chaotic. Modern predictive models aim to move from group to individual predictions to tailor treatments to patients.
This document summarizes research on inflation in the context of string theory landscapes. It discusses how string theory can stabilize moduli fields like the dilaton and volume to allow for inflation. The KKLT construction is described as stabilizing the volume through non-perturbative effects and uplifting the minimum with an anti-D3 brane. Inflation models in string theory like brane inflation and modular inflation are mentioned. The document also discusses how the string theory landscape of vacua can address anthropic arguments and the cosmological constant problem through the distribution of probabilities in an eternally inflating multiverse.
Fuzzy modeling is well-suited for transforming verbal descriptions of biological systems into mathematical models, making it useful for biomimicry. The document discusses how fuzzy modeling has been used to model animal behaviors like territorial fish and light-orienting planarian worms based on descriptions in scientific literature. Fuzzy modeling represents knowledge through an initial description, fuzzy rulebase, and mathematical model, providing interpretability and a means to verify the original description.
1. The study of chaos analyzes nonlinear dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions. While a universal definition of chaos is still lacking, mathematicians generally agree that chaos involves sensitive dependence on initial conditions, mixing, and dense periodic points.
2. This paper formulates a new approach to studying chaos in discrete dynamical systems based on concepts from inverse problems, set-valued mappings, graphical convergence theory, and topology. The author argues that order, chaos and complexity can be viewed as parts of a unified mathematical structure applying topological convergence theory to increasingly nonlinear mappings.
3. By applying concepts from spectral approximation theory and introducing "latent chaotic states", the author aims to develop a theory of chaos and interpret how nature
John Archibald Wheeler was one of the last of the great scientist-philosophers. He wore his science on his sleeve and wasn't ever afraid to go out on a limb with novel ideas or to admit he was wrong. He even would often engage in private brainstorming sessions in front of large audiences. A major problem struggled with is how the universe could be both self-contained and logically consistent, in light of Gödel's incompleteness theorem. He came to the conclusion we live in a participatory universe, perceptions of physical phenomena are generated by the observer instead of having been laid out as a preexisting external existence. He coined the term "It from Bit" to describe this new vision in his typical terse and pithy manner. The following essay highlights the salient features of Wheeler's interpretation and points out facts about the oft-misused term "information." The author concludes the essay by extrapolating Wheeler’s "It from Bit" into a new cosmological model.
Vojko Pogačar | Ali že obstaja jezik barv
Več informacij na spletni strani: http://seminar.outofthebox.si/
YT: http://www.youtube.com/user/OutBoxSI
TW: https://twitter.com/OutBoxSI
More Related Content
Similar to OBC | Complexity science and the role of mathematical modeling
Order, Chaos and the End of ReductionismJohn47Wind
The author presents a case against reductionism based on the emergence of chaos and order from underlying non-linear processes. Since all theories are mathematical, and based on an underlying premise of linearity, the author contends that there is no hope that science will succeed in creating a theory of everything that is complete. The controversial subject of life and evolution are explored, exposing the fallacy of a reductionist explanation, and offering a theory of order emerging from chaos as being the creative process of the universe, leading all the way up to consciousness. The essay concludes with the possibility that the three-dimensional universe is a fractal boundary that separates order and chaos in a higher dimension. The author discusses the work of Claude Shannon, Benoit Mandelbrot, Stephen Hawking, Carl Sagan, Albert Einstein, Erwin Schrodinger, Erik Verlinde, John Wheeler, Richard Maurice Bucke, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, and others. This is a companion piece to the essay "Is Science Solving the Reality Riddle?"
Short Presentation of the Theory of Everything. It includes the discovery of an extra spatial dimension and that the whole Universe is traveling at the speed of light (radially). This discovery refutes General Relativity and all the current scientific framework.
- In 1976, Stephen Hawking argued that black holes destroy information, requiring a modification of quantum mechanics principles. In 2004, he changed his mind.
- Maldacena's 1997 discovery of AdS/CFT duality suggested that a black hole is dual to an ordinary thermal system described by quantum mechanics, where information is preserved. However, questions remain about how spacetime emerges in AdS/CFT and how holography works in other spacetimes.
- A 2013 paper proposed that the postulates of black hole complementarity - purity, no drama at the horizon, effective field theory validity outside the horizon - cannot all be true, suggesting a "firewall" of high-energy particles may form at the black
This document discusses fractal geometry and its applications in materials science. It begins by providing background on fractals and how they were discovered to describe natural patterns. Fractals have fractional dimensions and self-similar patterns across different scales. Non-linear dynamics and chaos theory are then introduced to study irregular patterns in nature. Specific fractal objects like the Cantor set and Koch curve are described. The document outlines how fractal analysis can be used to characterize microstructures, surfaces, cracks and particles in materials using techniques like box counting to determine fractal dimension. Finally, the role of image processing in materials science images for quantitative microstructure analysis is briefly discussed.
Paavo Pylkkänen is a professor at the University of Helsinki, Finland and the University of Skövde, Sweden who researches the philosophical implications of the ontological interpretation of quantum mechanics developed by de Broglie, Bohm, and Hiley. This interpretation sees the electron as both a particle and an active quantum wave field of information that guides the particle's behavior. Pylkkänen is particularly interested in how this concept of active information may apply beyond quantum physics in areas like biology, information technology, and cognitive science.
The document discusses quantum mechanics and three interpretations of its formalism: the Copenhagen interpretation, the many-worlds interpretation, and the transactional interpretation. It describes four quantum paradoxes around non-locality, wave-particle duality, and wave function collapse. Each interpretation aims to resolve these paradoxes while linking the mathematical formalism to physical phenomena.
The document discusses interpretations of quantum mechanics including the Copenhagen interpretation, many-worlds interpretation, and transactional interpretation. It summarizes four quantum paradoxes around wave-particle duality, quantum measurement, and non-locality. It then provides more details on the transactional interpretation, explaining how it uses advanced and retarded waves to describe quantum events and resolve the paradoxes without needing observers or wavefunction collapse. Finally, it discusses how interpretations cannot be experimentally tested but notes one potential exception with a new experiment.
Vasil Penchev. Continuity and Continuum in Nonstandard UniversumVasil Penchev
1. The document discusses infinity and the axiom of choice in mathematics. It describes how mathematics approaches infinity through axioms, negation of axioms, and postulating properties of infinite sets by analogy to finite sets.
2. It explains formulations of the axiom of choice like Zorn's lemma and defines paradoxes like Banach-Tarski that rely on the axiom of choice. It also discusses the continuum hypothesis.
3. The author argues that quantum mechanics provides empirical evidence supporting the axiom of choice since entanglement is analogous to the Banach-Tarski paradox. They also discuss negating the continuum hypothesis and axiom of foundation.
This document discusses the connection between deterministic evolution over time and differential equations from philosophical, historical, and mathematical perspectives.
From a philosophical viewpoint, the author argues that deterministic motion can be associated with semigroups and is characterized by differential equations with time derivatives. Historically, the exponential function and semigroup theory emerged from efforts to solve linear differential equations. Mathematically, the document outlines the basic theory of uniformly, strongly, and σ(X,F)-continuous semigroups of linear operators and their generators.
This document discusses a new theory called matrix logic proposed by August Stern. Matrix logic treats logic in a novel way by using vectors and tensors as logical primitives, rather than scalar values. This allows logic to be described using the same mathematical frameworks used in physical theories. Matrix logic unifies different logic theories and enhances computational power. It also provides a way to directly describe logical processes and intelligence using the language of physics. This suggests cognition and consciousness may be quantized and described fundamentally through numbers, opening new avenues for studying intelligence and fundamental interactions through a unified logical and physical framework.
This document discusses chaos theory and fractals. It defines chaos as systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions. It describes how Edward Lorenz discovered chaos through computer modeling of weather patterns. It explains key concepts like the butterfly effect and Lorenz attractor. It discusses pioneers in fractal geometry like Mandelbrot and how fractals are found throughout nature and can be used in various applications.
The document discusses quantum mechanics and three interpretations of it: the Copenhagen interpretation, the Many-Worlds interpretation, and the Transactional interpretation. It describes some key aspects of each interpretation, such as how they explain wave function collapse, the role of observers, and how they address paradoxes in quantum mechanics like non-locality. The Copenhagen interpretation relies on observer knowledge, the Many-Worlds interpretation proposes the existence of parallel worlds, and the Transactional interpretation describes quantum events as transactions involving advanced and retarded waves.
1) The Schrodinger's cat thought experiment proposes that a cat trapped in a sealed box with a radioactive atom could be considered both alive and dead before being observed.
2) According to the Copenhagen interpretation, the cat exists in a superposition of states before observation, at which point the wave function collapses and the cat is observed to be definitively alive or dead.
3) The many-worlds interpretation suggests that observation causes the universe to split into multiple worlds where the cat is observed to be alive in one world and dead in another.
The document discusses the history of prediction throughout time from magical thinking to complex rational thinking. Early humans used magical thinking and symbols to predict the future, believing they could control outcomes. Rational thinking developed methods using data and logic. However, predictions face limitations, as some phenomena are probabilistic or chaotic. Modern predictive models aim to move from group to individual predictions to tailor treatments to patients.
This document summarizes research on inflation in the context of string theory landscapes. It discusses how string theory can stabilize moduli fields like the dilaton and volume to allow for inflation. The KKLT construction is described as stabilizing the volume through non-perturbative effects and uplifting the minimum with an anti-D3 brane. Inflation models in string theory like brane inflation and modular inflation are mentioned. The document also discusses how the string theory landscape of vacua can address anthropic arguments and the cosmological constant problem through the distribution of probabilities in an eternally inflating multiverse.
Fuzzy modeling is well-suited for transforming verbal descriptions of biological systems into mathematical models, making it useful for biomimicry. The document discusses how fuzzy modeling has been used to model animal behaviors like territorial fish and light-orienting planarian worms based on descriptions in scientific literature. Fuzzy modeling represents knowledge through an initial description, fuzzy rulebase, and mathematical model, providing interpretability and a means to verify the original description.
1. The study of chaos analyzes nonlinear dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions. While a universal definition of chaos is still lacking, mathematicians generally agree that chaos involves sensitive dependence on initial conditions, mixing, and dense periodic points.
2. This paper formulates a new approach to studying chaos in discrete dynamical systems based on concepts from inverse problems, set-valued mappings, graphical convergence theory, and topology. The author argues that order, chaos and complexity can be viewed as parts of a unified mathematical structure applying topological convergence theory to increasingly nonlinear mappings.
3. By applying concepts from spectral approximation theory and introducing "latent chaotic states", the author aims to develop a theory of chaos and interpret how nature
John Archibald Wheeler was one of the last of the great scientist-philosophers. He wore his science on his sleeve and wasn't ever afraid to go out on a limb with novel ideas or to admit he was wrong. He even would often engage in private brainstorming sessions in front of large audiences. A major problem struggled with is how the universe could be both self-contained and logically consistent, in light of Gödel's incompleteness theorem. He came to the conclusion we live in a participatory universe, perceptions of physical phenomena are generated by the observer instead of having been laid out as a preexisting external existence. He coined the term "It from Bit" to describe this new vision in his typical terse and pithy manner. The following essay highlights the salient features of Wheeler's interpretation and points out facts about the oft-misused term "information." The author concludes the essay by extrapolating Wheeler’s "It from Bit" into a new cosmological model.
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Vojko Pogačar | Ali že obstaja jezik barv
Več informacij na spletni strani: http://seminar.outofthebox.si/
YT: http://www.youtube.com/user/OutBoxSI
TW: https://twitter.com/OutBoxSI
Domen Mongus | Aritmetika oblik: skriti vzorci v oblakih točk
Več informacij na spletni strani: http://seminar.outofthebox.si/
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Domen Mongus | Aritmetika oblik: skriti vzorci v oblakih točk
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YT: http://www.youtube.com/user/OutBoxSI
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Gregor Radonjič | Ali obstajajo za okolje primerni proizvodi
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Andreja Kodrin | From Open Innovation towards Open Democracy
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YT: http://www.youtube.com/user/OutBoxSI
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A short reflection on Out of the Box Conference 2012.
OBC - http://obc2012.outofthebox.si/
Out of the Box - http://seminar.outofthebox.si/
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/OutoftheBoxidea
Twitter - https://twitter.com/OutBoxSI
RAZ:UM - http://raz.um.si/
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Out of the Box - http://seminar.outofthebox.si/
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/OutoftheBoxidea
Twitter - https://twitter.com/OutBoxSI
RAZ:UM - http://raz.um.si/
Martin Balluch discusses the history and development of the modern animal rights movement from the 1960s onwards. Key events include the publication of books that helped establish an academic basis for animal rights philosophy. Grassroots direct action groups formed in opposition to hunting and later factory farming. National organizations focused on welfare reforms while grassroots groups advocated abolitionism and rights. Through campaigns targeting fur farms, animal circuses, battery cage farming and more, many countries have enacted legislative bans on certain uses of animals. However, the movement has also faced repression through new laws and investigations in countries like the US, UK, Spain and Austria.
OBC | The creative use of visual and spoken narrative to help people and poli...Out of The Box Seminar
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http://obc2012.outofthebox.si/
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OBC | String theory and quests for unification of fundamental forces of natureOut of The Box Seminar
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Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
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Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
OBC | Complexity science and the role of mathematical modeling
1. Tassos Bountis
Department of Mathematics and Center for Research
and Applications of Nonlinear Systems
http://www.math.upatras.gr/~crans
University of Patras, Patras GREECE
Lecture at the OUT OF THE BOX Conference
Maribor, Slovenia, May 15-17,2012
2. What is Complexity?
At the beginning of 21st century we have understood
that:
• Complexity, is a property of large systems, consisting
of a huge number of units, involving nonlinearly
interacting agents, which can exhibit incredibly complex
behavior.
• New structures can emerge out of non-equilibrium and
order can be born out of chaos, following a process
called self-organization. Complex systems in the
Natural, Life and Social Sciences produce new shapes,
patterns and forms that cannot be understood by
studying only their individual parts.
3. Mathematics has already been quite helpful:
• The Theory of Chaos explores the unpredictable time evolution of
nonlinear dynamical systems like the weather, the electro-
cardiogram and encephalogram, mechanical, chemical and electrical
oscillations, seismic activity and even stock market fluctuations.
• The Geometry of Fractals analyzes the complex spatial structure
of trees and rocks, the dendritic shape of the bronchial “tree” in
the lungs, the cardiac muscle network and the blood circulatory
system.
• Most importantly, we can construct appropriate mathematical
models that: (a) reproduce the main features of a complex system
and (b) provide invaluable insight in revealing some of its
fundamental properties.
4. Some of the main questions we face today in what is
called Complexity Science are:
• How do we use Mathematics to observe, measure and
understand complex phenomena in the Natural, Life and
Social Sciences?
• Should we only look for universal principles and laws
expressed by mathematical formulas to understand atoms,
molecules, cells, trees, forests, living organisms and
ultimately society?
• How can use our perception and intuition to try to construct
suitable mathematical models that will help us shed some
light on the remarkably complex phenomena we observe
around us?
5. What is a tree?
• Is it what an artist would perceive?
like Mondrian (1872-1944) or van Gogh( 1853-1890)?
6. ......or what a biologist would study?
What is it that impresses us first about a tree?
7. Could it be a kind of self-
similarity in the way two of its
branches bifurcate out of a
bigger branch so that they are
smaller by a scaling factor?
Observe that besides shortening
the branches at every bifurcation,
we also apply a transformation of
rotation, e.g. by 45ο…
Why not then take advantage
of this observation to construct
a simple mathematical model
that would describe this type
of complexity?
8. Could we build realistic models of trees and plants, if we
follow a self-similar construction of patterns at smaller and
smaller scales?
One answer is revealed by the theory
of Iterated Function Systems,
introduced by the American
Mathematician Michael Barnsley, in the
1980’s..
Barnsley proved that a sequence of
contracting transformations applied to
an original shape has always the same
limit no matter what the initial shape
is.
In other words, what matters is the
contracting transformations and not the
shapes we start with….
9. If we take an
initial shape and
contract it into 3
smaller ones
applying a rotation
to two of its
parts by 90ο (one
to the right the
other to the
left)…
…we obtain in
the end a shape
that looks like a
christmas tree
(see figure on
the left)…
10. …if together
with rotation
we also shift
the top piece
to the left,
we may design
ivy-looking
plants climbing
the walls of
our house…
What other
plants can we
design?
11. Let us use, for example, 4
such transformations, to
construct the leaf of a fern
plant, with infinitely many
smaller leaves on it:
Start with rectangle 1 for
the main leaf, 2 and 3 for
its two neighbors and 4 for
its very thin stem,….
Now observe what happens
after many iterations of this
process…
12. Isn’t it fascinating?
We can now start to
imitate Mother
Nature by drawing
pictures of real –
looking plants and
bushes, like
Barnsley’s fern
shown here……
All these objects are
called fractals and obey
a new kind of Geometry,
called Fractal Geometry!
13. Fractals and Chaos:
From Geometry to Dynamics!
Chaos is complexity in time, or, in other
words, the extremely sensitive dependence
of the motion on its initial conditions!
The first one who studied it was the French
Mathematician Henri Poincaré (1854 –
1912) shown here on the right.
In fact, Chaos can emerge out of a “fractal tree” of successive
bifurcations as a parameter r increases in a simple model of
population of rabbits living on an island!
14. As the growth
parameter r of
the rabbits
increases....
Xn
Here is where
chaos first
appears in the
population....
r
15. The concept of a bifurcation
is a lot more general in
nature. If you introduce
cockroaches in a dish with
two identical shelters, they
will first visit each shelter in
equal percentages, but
eventually, as the shelters’
capacity grows, they will all
end up visiting only one of the
shelters!
Note that this “collective
change of behavior” occurs,
without any apparent
communication between the
cockroaches!
J.-M. Amé, J. Halloy, C. Rivault, C. Detrain, and J.-L. Deneubourg, PNAS 103 (2006) 5835.
16. COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR OF BIRDS, FISH,
TRAFFIC AND PEOPLE?
Out of chaos, patterns emerge
due to self - organization...
17. Work with C. Antonopoulos, V.
Basios and A. Garcia-Cantu Ros How can we model
(Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2011,
Vol. 44, 8, 574-586)
this phenomenon?
1. We first provide the
free particles with an inner
steering mechanism:
+/- ∆0
18. 2. Next, we include interactions with
nearby flock mates, so that two particles
interact (avoiding collisions)
3. Finally, we introduce a time-dependent coupling parameter φti from..
Periodic domain
Weakly chaotic
domain
Strongly
chaotic domain
0 φti 1
19. We find the following patterns of motion:
(a) Chaotic flight, (b) synchronized rotation or (c) “flocking”,
depending on whether φit belongs to:
(a) The strongly chaotic, (b) periodic or (c) weakly chaotic regimes.
with random initial conditions and FREE boundary conditions
20. 100 birds starting in the chaotic region, as time passes,
gather near the domain of weakly chaotic motion
21. Birds starting with parameters only in the chaotic region
tend towards the flocking (weak chaos) region!
22. Do pedestrians behave as individuals or social beings?
Observe how lanes of uniform walking direction
emerge due to self-organization.
Taken from: Dirk Helbing, Chair of
Sociology, in particular of Modeling
and Simulation, ETH Zürich
www.soms.ethz.ch
23. Helbing’s Intelligent Driver Model (IDM)
....produces the “waves of
congestion” or “clustering”
of cars we commonly
observe on the highways,
moving backward in time:
Martin Treiber, Ansgar Hennecke, and Dirk Helbing, “Congested Traffic States in Empirical Observations
and Microscopic Simulations”, Phys. Rev. E 62, 1805–1824 (2000)
24. Recent work of our group in Patras with Prof. Ko van der
Weele connects Granular Transport and…… Traffic Flow !
Q in
Q out
The dynamics of the grains involves a certain Flux
function F(nk), which must be specified in advance!
25. As a model we used the Eggers flux function:
2
BR , L nk
FR, L (nk ) 2
Ank e
...which follows the
reasonable argument that
for few particles in the k-
Here box the flux increases but
BR = 0.1
beyond a certain maximum
the flux will have to
decrease!
i.e., hL = 2hR
BL = 0.2
J. Eggers, PRL 83 (1999); KvdW, G. Kanellopoulos, Ch. Tsiavos, D. van der Meer, PRE 80 (2009)
26. Watch how the grain density along a 25-
step staircase becomes unstable as Q grows!
Q = 1.00 (relatively small)
Stable dynamic equilibrium: outflow = inflow
27. Increasing the inflow rate Q, a
“backward” wave develops...
outflow = inflow
Q = 1.80
28. … leading to a critical value: Qcrit = 1.8740
outflow
vanishes
….where clustering occurs at the top of the staircase!
29. Traffic flow: Unidirectional version of the
staircase problem
[veh/ h per lane]
Δx = 500 m
with ρk(t) = car density in cell k [veh/km per lane]
A similar equation is obeyed here as with granular transport:
d k
x F ( k 1 ) F ( k ) Qk (t )
dt
time step dt = 12 s (= Δx/vmax) in- and outflow
(only in certain cells k)
Now the Flux function F(ρk) is measured by induction loops at
periodic locations in the asphalt of the highway!
30. Measurements on the A58 in the Netherlands:
(b)
3000
Traffic flow (veh/h/lane)
2500
2000
1500 Provide evidence for a
flow function of the
1000
form…
500
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Car density (veh/km/lane)
31. Observe the waves of congestion traveling backward! The front
lane is the slow on (90 km/hr) and the back the fast one (100 km)
32. Finally, about Biology: How can we model diseases
like ischemia or cardiac infarction of the heart?
Work of Dr. Adi Cimponeriu, T. Bezerianos, F. Starmer and T. Bountis at
the Department of Medicine of the University of Patras
33. We can model electrical pulse propagation through ion channels
by a one-dimensional array of electrical oscillators.....
....obeying the well-
known Kirchoff laws:
38. The action potential “breaks” at the necrotic region and may develop spiral
waves that lead to arrythmia.....
39. In conclusion:
Complexity Science:
Offers a unified methodology to study complex
physical, biological and social system.
Familiarizes us with Mathematics, the common
language of all sciences, through the use of models.
Proposes new concepts, principles and techniques to
better understand and perhaps predict and control
complex phenomena.
Makes young people enjoy science, because it
excites their curiosity and imagination and make
them appreciate the interdisciplinary connections
between different scientific fields.
40. Of course, Hamlet may well advise us here:
«There are many more things on earth and
heaven, Horatio, than are dreamt in your
philosophy....»
Still, Complexity Science through the use
of mathematical modeling opened a new
“window” of communication with nature,
through which we have begun to glimpse the
“global picture” of ourselves and the world
that surrounds us…..
41. References
• G. Nicolis & I. Prigogine, “Exploring Complexity”
Freeman, New York (1989)
• T. Bountis, “The Wonderful World of Fractals” (in Greek),
Leader Books, Athens (2004).
• G. Nicolis and C. Nicolis, “Foundations of
Complex Systems”, World Scientific, Singapore, 2007
• C. Tsallis, “Introduction to Nonextensive Statistical
Mechanics: Approaching a Complex World”, Springer, New
York (2009).
• T. Bountis and H. Skokos, “Complex Hamiltonian
Dynamics”, Synergetic Series, Springer (April, 2012).