The document outlines the evolution of democracy from early direct forms to the current challenges of democracy 1.0, highlighting the limitations posed by distance, communication, and apathy. It introduces the concept of e-democracy and liquid democracy as potential solutions to enhance participation and engagement in political processes. The author argues that significant improvements are necessary and possible through technological advancements and civic involvement, emphasizing the internet as a key enabler for this transition.

1. Democracy 2.0
Andrija Pušić

2. Democracy 0.1
● 2500 years ago
● Small community
● Not everyone involved
● No proper voting
● No clear mandate
● Direct, no delegates

3. Democracy 1.0
● 250 years ago
● Big community
● Voting system
● Delegates
● Clear mandate

4. Democracy 1.0
● Direct democracy not viable due to physical
distances, slow communications and number of
voters
● Need for practical solution, a compromise,
structural packaging:
● Representatives – reducing
numbers
● Parties – packaging ideas
● Term – necessary because of
the slow process

5. D1.0 problems
● The distance from the voter (time, space,
communication)
● Oligarhy (Robert Michels, 1911)
● Partisanship
● Apathy
● Slowness

6. And Then Came The Internet
● Distance problems? NO
● Time problems? NO
● Communication problems? NO
● Information access problems? NO
● So why not?

7. What is eDD?
e-Democracy
Direct
Democracy
Electronic
Direct
Democracy

8. Proxy Democracy
● Representative -> Delegate (Proxy)
● Delegation can be further
delegated
● Delegation is optional

9. Liquid Democracy
● Motions can be rised at any time
by anyone
● Participation is direct or by
delegation
● Delegation is dynamic, can be
granted or revoked at any time
● Delegation is for a single issue or
motion
● Advanced voting methods
● Interaction, transparency

10. Consequences of LD
● Politics -> Policies, Issues
● Ideologies lose their weight
● Partisanship loses its grounds
● Loyalty -> Engagement,
Responsibility
● Politician -> Opinion Leader
● Parties lose their power (!)

11. Obstacles for D2.0
● Democracy 1.0 not yet installed ● Voter distance
● Democracy 1.0 itself ● Apathy
● Inertia ● Oligarhy
● Slowness

12. Path to D2.0
● Development and advance of eDemocracy
● Development of LD applications (Liquidizer,
Liquid Feedback...)
● Advance of LD through associations, NGOs,
civic institutions, local government,
corporations...
● Adoption of LD within political parties
● Voter migration to LD parties
● Democratic transition from 1.0 to 2.0

13. Closing Comments
● Democracy needs to be improved
● Democracy can be improved
● Major upgrade, takes time
● Internet is the enabler
● Current crisis is the driver
● No democratic alternative

14. Thanx!
Questions?
Andrija.Pusic@piratskastranka.si