The document provides an overview of horizontal flow wrapping principles and concepts. It discusses the main components of a flow wrapper including the infeed conveyor, film feed assembly, forming area, cutting head, and discharge area. It describes how product is wrapped in film and cut into individual packages as it moves through the wrapper. The document also covers topics like sealing fundamentals, common film types, calculations, and troubleshooting. Its intended purpose is to assist users in setting up, operating, and solving problems with their flow wrapping equipment.
The document discusses various packaging and food processing equipment, including their working principles, advantages, and disadvantages. It covers vacuum packaging machines, form fill and seal machines, cup fillers, and automatic water bottling machines. The key points are:
- Vacuum packaging machines remove air from packages to extend food freshness and reduce spoilage. Form fill and seal machines vertically or horizontally form tubes from plastic film, fill them with products, and seal the packages.
- Cup fillers use measuring cups to volumetrically fill free-flowing products like nuts or grains. Automatic water bottling machines integrate bottle rinsing, filling, and capping into one machine to automate the water bottling process.
This document discusses packaging processes and equipment. It describes the purposes of packaging including containment, information transmission, physical protection, transport, and display. It then explains the different types of packaging like primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging. Finally, it outlines the key sections in packaging processes - filling, sealing, labeling, and end of line - and examples of common equipment used in each section like filling machines, sealing machines, labeling machines, case sealers, and palletizers.
Industry 4.0 - Enabling operational excellence of packaging linesStephane Potier
Industry 4.0 is a revolution in operational excellence for smart factories. Packaging industry experts weigh in on current trends and share their visions for the future.
Lecture 1 food packaging introduction dr. pragya mishra Pragya Mishra
1. Packaging has four primary functions: containment, protection, convenience, and communication.
2. There are three types of packaging: individual, inner, and external. There are also different levels of packaging including primary, secondary, tertiary, and sometimes quaternary packaging.
3. Packaging must perform its containment, protection, and other functions in three different environments: the physical environment which can cause damage, the ambient environment which surrounds the package, and the human environment where the package interacts with people. Considering all three environments is important for package design and development.
This document provides an overview of various packaging machines used in the packaging process. It describes filling machines that fill bottles or pouches, including agitator filling machines, flow filling machines, and tablet fillers. It also discusses sealing machines that securely close packages, such as food packaging machines, vacuum packaging machines, and blister packaging machines. The document further describes labeling machines that apply labels to packages and end-of-line equipment like case sealers, sleeve wrappers, case erectors, case packers, and palletizers.
Material handling involves the movement, storage, and protection of materials. The main objectives are to reduce costs by minimizing handling distances and the number of times materials are handled. An efficient material handling system contributes to lower costs, higher productivity, and improved safety and quality. Factors such as production needs, material characteristics, and available equipment influence the selection of appropriate material handling methods and equipment.
The movement, storage, protection and control of materials throughout the manufacturing and distribution process including their consumption and disposal.
Automated Guided Vehicles and so on.
Corrugated Boxes | Custom Corrugated BoxesEmily John
Custom Corrugated Boxes
Page 1; Introduction to corrugated boxes
Corrugated boxes are simple storage boxes, produced out of cardboard or Kraft and adds corrugation within them that preserves the product from being damaged or destroyed. Hence, increasing the life of the fragile item packaged.
Page 2; Corrugated boxes are manufactured in unique shapes, sizes, styles and designs as per the requirement of the customers.
Page 3; Luckily, corrugation added to these boxes enhances the life of the item placed on retail store shelve.
Page 4; Uses of corrugation Boxes
Below are some uses of corrugation boxes;
- Packaging
- Presenting
- Storing
- Printing
- Easy to label
- Recyclable
- Reusable
Page 5; Discover quality packaging solutions to gratify your packaging need!
The document discusses various packaging and food processing equipment, including their working principles, advantages, and disadvantages. It covers vacuum packaging machines, form fill and seal machines, cup fillers, and automatic water bottling machines. The key points are:
- Vacuum packaging machines remove air from packages to extend food freshness and reduce spoilage. Form fill and seal machines vertically or horizontally form tubes from plastic film, fill them with products, and seal the packages.
- Cup fillers use measuring cups to volumetrically fill free-flowing products like nuts or grains. Automatic water bottling machines integrate bottle rinsing, filling, and capping into one machine to automate the water bottling process.
This document discusses packaging processes and equipment. It describes the purposes of packaging including containment, information transmission, physical protection, transport, and display. It then explains the different types of packaging like primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging. Finally, it outlines the key sections in packaging processes - filling, sealing, labeling, and end of line - and examples of common equipment used in each section like filling machines, sealing machines, labeling machines, case sealers, and palletizers.
Industry 4.0 - Enabling operational excellence of packaging linesStephane Potier
Industry 4.0 is a revolution in operational excellence for smart factories. Packaging industry experts weigh in on current trends and share their visions for the future.
Lecture 1 food packaging introduction dr. pragya mishra Pragya Mishra
1. Packaging has four primary functions: containment, protection, convenience, and communication.
2. There are three types of packaging: individual, inner, and external. There are also different levels of packaging including primary, secondary, tertiary, and sometimes quaternary packaging.
3. Packaging must perform its containment, protection, and other functions in three different environments: the physical environment which can cause damage, the ambient environment which surrounds the package, and the human environment where the package interacts with people. Considering all three environments is important for package design and development.
This document provides an overview of various packaging machines used in the packaging process. It describes filling machines that fill bottles or pouches, including agitator filling machines, flow filling machines, and tablet fillers. It also discusses sealing machines that securely close packages, such as food packaging machines, vacuum packaging machines, and blister packaging machines. The document further describes labeling machines that apply labels to packages and end-of-line equipment like case sealers, sleeve wrappers, case erectors, case packers, and palletizers.
Material handling involves the movement, storage, and protection of materials. The main objectives are to reduce costs by minimizing handling distances and the number of times materials are handled. An efficient material handling system contributes to lower costs, higher productivity, and improved safety and quality. Factors such as production needs, material characteristics, and available equipment influence the selection of appropriate material handling methods and equipment.
The movement, storage, protection and control of materials throughout the manufacturing and distribution process including their consumption and disposal.
Automated Guided Vehicles and so on.
Corrugated Boxes | Custom Corrugated BoxesEmily John
Custom Corrugated Boxes
Page 1; Introduction to corrugated boxes
Corrugated boxes are simple storage boxes, produced out of cardboard or Kraft and adds corrugation within them that preserves the product from being damaged or destroyed. Hence, increasing the life of the fragile item packaged.
Page 2; Corrugated boxes are manufactured in unique shapes, sizes, styles and designs as per the requirement of the customers.
Page 3; Luckily, corrugation added to these boxes enhances the life of the item placed on retail store shelve.
Page 4; Uses of corrugation Boxes
Below are some uses of corrugation boxes;
- Packaging
- Presenting
- Storing
- Printing
- Easy to label
- Recyclable
- Reusable
Page 5; Discover quality packaging solutions to gratify your packaging need!
Material Handling
Objectives of Materials Handling
Material Handling Principles
Storage Equipment
Belt Conveyor
Store Management
Objectives of store
Spare Part Management
Classification of Spare parts for stocking policy Analysis
Codification
Objectives of Codification
Standardization
Advantages of Standardization
This document describes the components, classification, capacity calculation, advantages, and limitations of bucket elevators. Bucket elevators are commonly used to vertically transport bulk materials and consist of a head section, boot section, buckets attached to a belt or chain, and a motor. They are classified based on the type of material handled and discharge method. Formulas are provided to calculate capacity based on bucket size and belt speed. Belt systems have advantages over chain systems like allowing for higher speeds and quieter operation. Limitations include maximum lump sizes and restrictions on sticky or corrosive materials.
The document discusses various methods for disposing of packaging materials after usage. It begins by noting that packaging waste accounts for about 1/3 of municipal solid waste. The main methods discussed are prevention, reuse, recycling, composting, incineration, and landfilling. Each method has advantages and disadvantages. Recycling is emphasized as a way to conserve resources and reduce waste, though it also has challenges like efficient collection and separation of materials. The materials that can be most easily recycled include steel cans, aluminum cans, glass bottles, plastics, and paper.
The document discusses food packaging materials. It describes the main purposes of food packaging as protecting contents from chemical, biological, and physical deterioration. Common packaging materials mentioned include glass, metals, paper/paperboard, and plastics. Specific materials discussed in more detail include aluminum, laminates, thermoplastics, and paperboard. The document also provides examples of innovative packaging like Tetra Pak cartons and examples of less recyclable packages like chip bags and toothpaste tubes. Site visits to Greek food companies Panini, Kandylas, Venus Growers, and a fish farm describe their use of various packaging materials and standards.
A Manual on Corrugated Fiberboard BoxesYogesh Pandey
This document provides an overview of corrugated fiberboard boxes and papermaking processes. It begins with a preface describing corrugated boxes and their importance. It then details the contents which include introductions to paper, papermaking, and the components and manufacturing of corrugated boxes. The document aims to include all relevant information about corrugated boxes and hopes the details provided will be useful to readers.
Material handling (Production Technology) naturesbuilder
The document discusses material handling in manufacturing organizations. Material handling involves the movement of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods within and between facilities. It accounts for 15-20% of total product costs. The objectives of material handling are to minimize costs and delays, improve safety, prevent damage to materials, and reduce in-process inventory levels. Common material handling activities include unloading, storage, packaging, and shipping. The document also describes various material handling equipment like conveyors, cranes, forklifts, and principles for selecting appropriate equipment.
This document provides an introduction to CAD/CAM/CIM. It defines CAD as computer-assisted design, CAM as computer-assisted manufacturing, and CIM as computer-integrated manufacturing. It discusses various design disciplines including engineering design, mechanical design, architecture, and fashion. It describes manufacturing processes like casting, molding, and machining. It explains that CAD helps designers create and modify designs, CAM uses computers to plan and control manufacturing, and CIM aims to fully automate and integrate all factory processes under computer control. The document outlines needs for CAD/CAM/CIM like increased productivity, improved quality and communication, and effective scheduling and production control.
Everything you ever wanted to know about "Packaging" but were afraid who to ask ?
This presentation is a collection of information from various sources and respects the copyright / intellectual property of the original writers and sources.
The presentation covers everything in packaging and can work as a bible for new and old players of the packaging industry.
This is just a fundamental information and does NOT claim to be "Complete" or "Flawless" in itself.
If you liked reading this or benefited from the compilation, I would really appreciate a comment or line of appreciation.
Thanks....
Rohit Chawla.
info@packtest.com
www.PackTest.com
This document discusses food traceability, including definitions, functional roles, common features, and coding systems. It summarizes key aspects of traceability including tracking food through production and distribution, identifying origins, and supporting food safety, labeling, and risk assessment. It also outlines the most commonly used global traceability standards, including the GS1 system of numbering and identification codes that can track items, locations, logistics units and more through the supply chain.
The document summarizes recent advances in pharmaceutical packaging technology. It discusses the need for advancements in packaging to improve patient compliance and prevent counterfeiting. Some key packaging innovations highlighted include blow-fill-seal technology, tamper evident packaging using induction sealing and heat shrink bands, and compliance packaging that tracks medication usage via wireless connectivity. The role of quality assurance in packaging is also reviewed to ensure safety and accuracy of packaged pharmaceutical products.
The document discusses methods for testing the water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) and oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of materials. It describes how WVTR is measured through containers using a test apparatus that places material samples between a desiccant and humid environment. OTR is measured similarly using an electrolytic sensor to detect oxygen permeating through materials. Factors like material thickness, humidity, and temperature that affect transmission rates are identified. Standards for conducting these transmission tests are also outlined.
Plastics have increasingly been used for food packaging over the last few decades due to their advantages over other materials. Plastics come into use in three phases - substitution, accommodation, and innovation - based on how designers take advantage of plastic's properties. Substitution involves direct replacement, accommodation allows for new dimensions while keeping traditional designs, and innovation creates entirely new designs based on plastic capabilities. The use of plastics for food packaging provides benefits like strength, light weight, flexibility, resistance to cracking, and acting as a barrier against gases, moisture, and flavors. Important plastic developments for food packaging include modified resins, cellophane, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate.
Cushioning materials are those which are used for protection of your product while transportation or shipment of product.
It is very necessary that the product deliver is proper and safe, for customer satisfaction.
Foams, papers, papers are some for the materials used for proper rolling and product protection.
Processing of recycling of packaging materials pptmohd zuhaib dar
The three-step recycling process involves collection, processing and marketing of recycled materials, and manufacturing. Collection is the first step where packaging materials are gathered. In the second step, collected materials are processed and marketed. The third step sees the processed materials used to manufacture new products, completing the recycling loop.
Introduction
Types of Material Handling Equipment
Material Transport Equipment
Storage Systems
Unitizing Equipment
Identification and Tracking Systems
Principles of Material Handling
Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs)
Components of AGVS
Types of AGVs
Driverless Trains
Automated Guided Pallet Trucks
AGV Unit Load Carriers
Vehicle Guidance
Imbedded Guide Wires
Paint Strips
Self-guided Vehicles
Vehicle Routing
Frequency Select Method
Path Switch Select Method
Traffic Control
On-board Vehicle Sensing
Zone Control
Benefits of AGV
Applications of AGV
In the carton packaging world, we mainly discuss the carton packaging issues in the packaging industry, there are multiple carton box template samples cited in the carton box design, we hope it is useful to you.
This document discusses CNC milling and provides information on:
1. CNC milling uses a prepared program to control the functions and motions of a machine tool.
2. The benefits of CNC milling include high accuracy, short production time, and reduced human error. The drawbacks include high costs and maintenance.
3. It describes various milling operations like profile, drilling, pocket milling, and mirroring operations. It also discusses G-codes and M-codes used in CNC programming.
STRETCH & SHRINK WRAPPING FULL DETAILS ASBIN KUMAR
This document discusses stretch film and shrink wrapping. Stretch film is used to hold boxes and products together on a pallet for transportation, while shrink wrapping loosely covers individual products or loads and shrinks tightly when heat is applied. Both are commonly made from polyethylene plastics. Stretch film is cost effective for securing loads during transport and storage, and comes in varieties for different applications. Shrink wrapping protects products from damage and moisture. Equipment for applying each includes both manual and automatic options.
The document discusses material handling, which involves the movement of raw materials, semi-finished goods, and finished products through production and storage areas. It outlines 10 principles of material handling, including planning, standardization, minimizing work, ergonomics, unit loads, space utilization, system integration, automation, environmental impact, and life cycle costs. The document also describes various material handling devices for lifting, transporting, and combining movements, such as conveyors, automated guided vehicles, and automated storage and retrieval systems. Selection of material handling systems depends on factors like operations, flows, layout, materials, and characteristics.
1. Recent developments in blowroom machinery aim to improve fiber opening, cleaning, and preparation for downstream processes. Automatic bale openers, mote knives with suction, and optical/acoustic sorters help remove contaminants.
2. Modern carding achieves a high degree of cleaning, around 90-95%. Developments include improved feeding, multiple taker-ins, post-carding cleaning, and auto-leveling for more consistent sliver quality.
3. Drawframe developments enhance sliver evenness and blending through automatic break draft setting, tension measuring, and short-term auto-leveling. Cameras also monitor sliver quality.
4. Simplex/speed frame innovations
This document provides an overview of the cast film extrusion process. It describes the main components of a cast film extrusion line including gravimetric feeders, extruders, filtration systems, flat dies, cooling units, gauge control systems, corona treatment, and winders. It explains the functions of each component and how they work together to produce cast films which are used in various packaging applications.
Material Handling
Objectives of Materials Handling
Material Handling Principles
Storage Equipment
Belt Conveyor
Store Management
Objectives of store
Spare Part Management
Classification of Spare parts for stocking policy Analysis
Codification
Objectives of Codification
Standardization
Advantages of Standardization
This document describes the components, classification, capacity calculation, advantages, and limitations of bucket elevators. Bucket elevators are commonly used to vertically transport bulk materials and consist of a head section, boot section, buckets attached to a belt or chain, and a motor. They are classified based on the type of material handled and discharge method. Formulas are provided to calculate capacity based on bucket size and belt speed. Belt systems have advantages over chain systems like allowing for higher speeds and quieter operation. Limitations include maximum lump sizes and restrictions on sticky or corrosive materials.
The document discusses various methods for disposing of packaging materials after usage. It begins by noting that packaging waste accounts for about 1/3 of municipal solid waste. The main methods discussed are prevention, reuse, recycling, composting, incineration, and landfilling. Each method has advantages and disadvantages. Recycling is emphasized as a way to conserve resources and reduce waste, though it also has challenges like efficient collection and separation of materials. The materials that can be most easily recycled include steel cans, aluminum cans, glass bottles, plastics, and paper.
The document discusses food packaging materials. It describes the main purposes of food packaging as protecting contents from chemical, biological, and physical deterioration. Common packaging materials mentioned include glass, metals, paper/paperboard, and plastics. Specific materials discussed in more detail include aluminum, laminates, thermoplastics, and paperboard. The document also provides examples of innovative packaging like Tetra Pak cartons and examples of less recyclable packages like chip bags and toothpaste tubes. Site visits to Greek food companies Panini, Kandylas, Venus Growers, and a fish farm describe their use of various packaging materials and standards.
A Manual on Corrugated Fiberboard BoxesYogesh Pandey
This document provides an overview of corrugated fiberboard boxes and papermaking processes. It begins with a preface describing corrugated boxes and their importance. It then details the contents which include introductions to paper, papermaking, and the components and manufacturing of corrugated boxes. The document aims to include all relevant information about corrugated boxes and hopes the details provided will be useful to readers.
Material handling (Production Technology) naturesbuilder
The document discusses material handling in manufacturing organizations. Material handling involves the movement of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods within and between facilities. It accounts for 15-20% of total product costs. The objectives of material handling are to minimize costs and delays, improve safety, prevent damage to materials, and reduce in-process inventory levels. Common material handling activities include unloading, storage, packaging, and shipping. The document also describes various material handling equipment like conveyors, cranes, forklifts, and principles for selecting appropriate equipment.
This document provides an introduction to CAD/CAM/CIM. It defines CAD as computer-assisted design, CAM as computer-assisted manufacturing, and CIM as computer-integrated manufacturing. It discusses various design disciplines including engineering design, mechanical design, architecture, and fashion. It describes manufacturing processes like casting, molding, and machining. It explains that CAD helps designers create and modify designs, CAM uses computers to plan and control manufacturing, and CIM aims to fully automate and integrate all factory processes under computer control. The document outlines needs for CAD/CAM/CIM like increased productivity, improved quality and communication, and effective scheduling and production control.
Everything you ever wanted to know about "Packaging" but were afraid who to ask ?
This presentation is a collection of information from various sources and respects the copyright / intellectual property of the original writers and sources.
The presentation covers everything in packaging and can work as a bible for new and old players of the packaging industry.
This is just a fundamental information and does NOT claim to be "Complete" or "Flawless" in itself.
If you liked reading this or benefited from the compilation, I would really appreciate a comment or line of appreciation.
Thanks....
Rohit Chawla.
info@packtest.com
www.PackTest.com
This document discusses food traceability, including definitions, functional roles, common features, and coding systems. It summarizes key aspects of traceability including tracking food through production and distribution, identifying origins, and supporting food safety, labeling, and risk assessment. It also outlines the most commonly used global traceability standards, including the GS1 system of numbering and identification codes that can track items, locations, logistics units and more through the supply chain.
The document summarizes recent advances in pharmaceutical packaging technology. It discusses the need for advancements in packaging to improve patient compliance and prevent counterfeiting. Some key packaging innovations highlighted include blow-fill-seal technology, tamper evident packaging using induction sealing and heat shrink bands, and compliance packaging that tracks medication usage via wireless connectivity. The role of quality assurance in packaging is also reviewed to ensure safety and accuracy of packaged pharmaceutical products.
The document discusses methods for testing the water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) and oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of materials. It describes how WVTR is measured through containers using a test apparatus that places material samples between a desiccant and humid environment. OTR is measured similarly using an electrolytic sensor to detect oxygen permeating through materials. Factors like material thickness, humidity, and temperature that affect transmission rates are identified. Standards for conducting these transmission tests are also outlined.
Plastics have increasingly been used for food packaging over the last few decades due to their advantages over other materials. Plastics come into use in three phases - substitution, accommodation, and innovation - based on how designers take advantage of plastic's properties. Substitution involves direct replacement, accommodation allows for new dimensions while keeping traditional designs, and innovation creates entirely new designs based on plastic capabilities. The use of plastics for food packaging provides benefits like strength, light weight, flexibility, resistance to cracking, and acting as a barrier against gases, moisture, and flavors. Important plastic developments for food packaging include modified resins, cellophane, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate.
Cushioning materials are those which are used for protection of your product while transportation or shipment of product.
It is very necessary that the product deliver is proper and safe, for customer satisfaction.
Foams, papers, papers are some for the materials used for proper rolling and product protection.
Processing of recycling of packaging materials pptmohd zuhaib dar
The three-step recycling process involves collection, processing and marketing of recycled materials, and manufacturing. Collection is the first step where packaging materials are gathered. In the second step, collected materials are processed and marketed. The third step sees the processed materials used to manufacture new products, completing the recycling loop.
Introduction
Types of Material Handling Equipment
Material Transport Equipment
Storage Systems
Unitizing Equipment
Identification and Tracking Systems
Principles of Material Handling
Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs)
Components of AGVS
Types of AGVs
Driverless Trains
Automated Guided Pallet Trucks
AGV Unit Load Carriers
Vehicle Guidance
Imbedded Guide Wires
Paint Strips
Self-guided Vehicles
Vehicle Routing
Frequency Select Method
Path Switch Select Method
Traffic Control
On-board Vehicle Sensing
Zone Control
Benefits of AGV
Applications of AGV
In the carton packaging world, we mainly discuss the carton packaging issues in the packaging industry, there are multiple carton box template samples cited in the carton box design, we hope it is useful to you.
This document discusses CNC milling and provides information on:
1. CNC milling uses a prepared program to control the functions and motions of a machine tool.
2. The benefits of CNC milling include high accuracy, short production time, and reduced human error. The drawbacks include high costs and maintenance.
3. It describes various milling operations like profile, drilling, pocket milling, and mirroring operations. It also discusses G-codes and M-codes used in CNC programming.
STRETCH & SHRINK WRAPPING FULL DETAILS ASBIN KUMAR
This document discusses stretch film and shrink wrapping. Stretch film is used to hold boxes and products together on a pallet for transportation, while shrink wrapping loosely covers individual products or loads and shrinks tightly when heat is applied. Both are commonly made from polyethylene plastics. Stretch film is cost effective for securing loads during transport and storage, and comes in varieties for different applications. Shrink wrapping protects products from damage and moisture. Equipment for applying each includes both manual and automatic options.
The document discusses material handling, which involves the movement of raw materials, semi-finished goods, and finished products through production and storage areas. It outlines 10 principles of material handling, including planning, standardization, minimizing work, ergonomics, unit loads, space utilization, system integration, automation, environmental impact, and life cycle costs. The document also describes various material handling devices for lifting, transporting, and combining movements, such as conveyors, automated guided vehicles, and automated storage and retrieval systems. Selection of material handling systems depends on factors like operations, flows, layout, materials, and characteristics.
1. Recent developments in blowroom machinery aim to improve fiber opening, cleaning, and preparation for downstream processes. Automatic bale openers, mote knives with suction, and optical/acoustic sorters help remove contaminants.
2. Modern carding achieves a high degree of cleaning, around 90-95%. Developments include improved feeding, multiple taker-ins, post-carding cleaning, and auto-leveling for more consistent sliver quality.
3. Drawframe developments enhance sliver evenness and blending through automatic break draft setting, tension measuring, and short-term auto-leveling. Cameras also monitor sliver quality.
4. Simplex/speed frame innovations
This document provides an overview of the cast film extrusion process. It describes the main components of a cast film extrusion line including gravimetric feeders, extruders, filtration systems, flat dies, cooling units, gauge control systems, corona treatment, and winders. It explains the functions of each component and how they work together to produce cast films which are used in various packaging applications.
Oscar Jamuar Design Report in McNally sayaji Engineering LimitedOscar Jamuar
This document provides a report on the design study of various coal refining equipment conducted by Oscar Jamuar at McNally Sayaji Engineering Limited. It summarizes the key equipment used in coal beneficiation processes including conveyors, feeders, screens, crushers, and mills. Specific equipment discussed include bucket elevators, belt trippers, apron feeders, vibrating grizzly feeders, reciprocating feeders, disc feeders, inclined vibrating screens, linear motion screens, and high particle acceleration screens. The working and design features of each type of equipment are described.
Fascinating Guideline About range of Vial Capping MachineN.K Industries
Presentation describer fascinating guideline about the range of Vial capping machine. Vial Capping machine are imperative technology in injectable plant where they are use to seal the flip off cap or tear of cap on vial and bottle to give the perfect hermetic sealing .
for more information , please visit us http://www.nkcapingmachine.com/product/multi-head-rotary-vial-capping-machine.html
CPP is a non-oriented plastic film that has better tear strength, impact resistance at low temperatures, and dimensional stability compared to other plastics like BOPP. It is produced through an extrusion process where plastic pellets are melted, filtered, layered and cast onto a chill roll to solidify. The film thickness is measured and controlled before the film undergoes surface treatment and winding onto rolls.
The document discusses four basic types of roll forming machine applications:
1) Open-loop feed-to-stop systems have lower throughput but higher accuracy and lower cost. The material stops for cutting.
2) Open-loop flying die systems have the highest throughput but lower accuracy and cost. Cutting occurs while the material is moving.
3) Closed-loop feed-to-stop systems have high accuracy and lower throughput but also higher cost. The material stops for cutting.
4) Closed-loop flying die systems can achieve both high speed and accuracy but have the highest cost due to complex servo systems moving the die to match the material speed.
Report on machinary of seprator use in flour and feearslankhan163
The document presents a project report on the development of a separator/classifier machine. Key points:
- The machine was designed to effectively separate grain mixtures using locally available materials.
- Testing showed the machine could achieve a recovery rate of 96% for grains retained on a 2.5mm sieve when operated at 715rpm.
- At 715rpm, the machine's recovery rates for different sieves were 100%, 81.71%, 78.45% and its capacity was 70kg/h.
- The results indicate the separation technique is viable for separating dry palm grains from other materials.
The document discusses different types of parts feeders. It describes a programmable parts feeder that can be programmed to feed any planar polygonal part. The key components are a feeding mechanism that can orient parts under software control and a planning algorithm to transform part descriptions into feeding programs. Conical bowl feeders are also described, which use vibration and a helical track to gradually align and feed parts individually. Parts feeders offer flexibility over manual labor and reduce costs for manufacturers.
The document discusses different types of parts feeders. It describes a programmable parts feeder that can be programmed to feed any planar polygonal part. The key components are a feeding mechanism that can orient parts under software control and a planning algorithm to transform part descriptions into feeding programs. Conical bowl feeders are also described, which use vibration and a helical track to sequentially feed and orient parts leaving the feeder aligned and ready for assembly. Parts feeders provide flexibility over manual labor and reduce costs for manufacturers.
The are the Operating instructions for the ESF1 piling vibrator and pack. Used for the installation of trench sheets, sheet piles and plastic piling. These also includes comprehensive health and safety information.
The document describes three garment production systems: 1) Progressive Bundle System, where bundles of garment parts move sequentially between operations; 2) Unit Production System, which uses an overhead transport system to move individual garments between automated work stations; and 3) Modular Production System, where small teams of multi-skilled operators work together to complete full garments. The Modular Production System allows for flexibility, quick response times, and improved quality and teamwork compared to traditional bundle systems. It involves cross-trained workers organized into modules to collaboratively produce garments from start to finish.
Management of loom shed, plant layout, ventilation & humidification, lighting...MohammedZakir21
The document discusses various aspects of management and operations in a silk weaving shed. It provides guidelines for monitoring key performance metrics such as warp and weft breakage rates, loom efficiency, fabric defects, loom speeds, transfer failures, and waste levels. It also describes conducting daily and weekly rounds to check items like loom speeds, fabric defects, colored weft shades, and functioning of automatic looms. Maintaining proper humidity levels in the weaving shed is also discussed.
Traditional bundle vs singlepcs systemTUSHAR IQBAL
THE HIGHEST HAPPINESS THAT ACCOMPANIES THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF ANY TUSK WOULD BE INCOMPLETE WITH OUT THE EXPRESSION OF GRATITUDE TO ALL THOSE PEOPLE WHO HAVE HELPED ME THOROUGH OUT THIS PROJECT AS SUCCESS IS THE ABSTRACT OF HARD WORK
Traditional bundle vs single pcs systemArtin Thomsan
This document compares the Progressive Bundle System and Single PCS Flow System for garment production. The Progressive Bundle System involves bundling multiple garment pieces together and moving the bundle between operations, while the Single PCS Flow System bundles or clips just one garment piece at a time and moves it individually between operations. The Single PCS Flow System allows for less waste in process, time savings, better line balancing and productivity, and more flexibility for reworks compared to the Progressive Bundle System. Both systems have advantages and disadvantages for the production process.
Franco Pezza provides a portfolio summarizing his experience in engineering and design projects. He discusses his viewpoint that evolving technologies, like 3D modeling and simulation, can improve efficiency. The portfolio then summarizes several of Pezza's projects, including designing an adhesive dispenser, paper bag machine, Cartesian robot, and high-security lockset. It provides contact information for Franco Pezza.
Development of Bottle Unscramble MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a bottle unscramble machine. The machine was designed to automatically position bottles vertically on a conveyor belt to increase efficiency and reduce manual labor. It consists of a drum that feeds bottles to a conveyor belt. The belt is rotated via a gearing mechanism connected to a DC motor. As the bottles move on the belt, a wooden scrapper helps guide them into a vertical position. The positioning accuracy of the machine is 95% due to the wooden construction. It has applications in bottle filling and packaging plants to further automate processing. The overall aim was to create an inexpensive and maintenance-free solution to automatically organize bottles on a conveyor line.
The document discusses various types of component feeders used in surface mount technology (SMT) assembly processes. It describes radial tape feeders, axial tape feeders, tube feeders, vibratory bowl feeders, stacked horizontal tube feeders, label feeders, and solder preform feeders. It provides information on their functions, benefits, and specifications. The document also provides contact details for the company that manufactures these feeders.
Assignment: Comparative Study on Various Types of Garment Production System.Proshanto Saha
Straight line system
Conventional Bundle System
Progressive Bundle System -Batch System
Unit Production System (UPS)
Modular Production System
Technology-enabled Manufacturing Systems
Apparel Production Process and Details
Department of Apparel Manufacturing & Technology
BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology
The document discusses various aspects of warping, which is the process of winding yarn onto beams to create a warp. It describes the objectives of warping as uniformly spacing individual yarn ends across the full width to create a warp of specified length and width. The types of warping discussed are beam warping, pattern band or drum warping, and ball warping. Key components of warping machines like the creel, headstock, and pressure roller are also outlined. The document provides details on various creel types, requirements for good warping, potential defects in warped beams, and importance of warping for weaving.
3. 1 Flow Wrapping Principles
Operation Overview
The drawing below shows a horizontal wrapper in motion:
The wrapper packages product by wrapping it in film. The wrapper has an
infeed conveyor, a film feed assembly, a forming area, a cutting head, and
a discharge area. Product is placed on the infeed conveyor. As the infeed
conveyor delivers product to the forming area, film is drawn from the film
feed assembly into the forming area, where a film tube is formed around
the product and a finseal is created. The film tube and the product then
are delivered to the cutting head. The cutting head creates the endseals
while it cuts apart adjoining wrapped products into individual packages,
and delivers the packages to the discharge area. From the discharge area,
the packages can be either cartoned at a packing station or accumulated
for packing at a later time.
The wrapper has an infeed conveyor, a film feed assembly, a forming area,
a cutting head and a discharge area.
4. Flow Wrapping Principles 2
Infeed Conveyor
The infeed conveyor has a chain with lugs or pushers. The space between
pushers is referred to as an infeed flight. Product is placed either manually
or automatically onto the infeed conveyor where the pushers move the
product through the wrapper for sealing. Whatever the style of wrapper,
the Cutting Head and Infeed usually has a 1:1 ratio between them.
(One Cut = One Flight Length) This ratio is necessary to keep product in
time with the cutting head.
The dimensions of the pushers in the infeed chain are related to the
product dimensions, particularly the height and the width of the product.
The height of the pushers must be adjusted to the height of the product. If
the pusher is too high, it will run into the film at the transition point at the
former. If it is too low, there is a risk that the product will rise over the top
of the pusher. If there is a multi-layer package, the pusher must reach the
top product otherwise the top product will not be transported.
The width of a pusher is determined by two characteristics:
• If there are two or more products side-by-side that need to be
wrapped, then the pusher needs to be wide enough to securely
push all the products.
• When the product is very vulnerable or soft, the impact and/or the
pressure on the product needs to be limited, requiring the use of a
wider pusher.
5. 3 Flow Wrapping Principles
Feeding
Different types of product feeding can be distinguished: manual, semi-
automatic or fully-automatic.
Manual feeding
The simplest way of feeding products into a flow wrapper is to put them
manually in between the pushers of an infeed chain. Depending on the
type of products and ease of operation, the maximum speed by which an
operator is able to feed products into the infeed chain for a long period of
time, is approx. 70-90 products per minute. Eye-hand coordination
becomes an issue above that speed. Therefore, the maximum speed with
manual feeding is not limited by the machine, but by the efficiency and
speed of the operator(s).
Semi-automatic feeding
In semi-automatic feeding, products are taken manually from a main
production line and subsequently entered into some type of automatic
feeding system. From this feeding system the products are automatically
transported in between the pushers of the infeed chain.
Semi-automatic systems can be a good alternative for those introducing
new products into the market. The production volumes of these new
products, in many cases, do not justify the investment in a fully-automatic
wrapping line. A large part of the capital investment into a fully-automatic
wrapping system lies with the Product Distribution System (PDS).
Fully-automatic feeding
In a fully-automatic feeding solution without manual interference, products
are taken from the main production belt by a Product Distribution
System(s) and automatically fed into the automatic infeed system of a flow
wrapper.
In the majority of cases, a fully automatic wrapping system will be supplied
with some kind of buffer or refeed system. The intention of these systems
is that in the case of an unforseen disturbance on the packaging line(s),
the main production does not need to be stopped (for a limited amount of
time). This is of great importance when stoppage of the production line(s)
will have direct influence on the quality of the products (especially
chocolate and baking lines).
6. Flow Wrapping Principles 4
Backstand
The backstand (also referred to as a film tower) consists of one or two
spindles (also referred to as reel holders). There are restrictions to the
maximum dimensions of the film reel. This can either be the maximum film
width, the maximum outer diameter, or the weight of the film reel. This can
be different for different types of machines.
For ease of operation, the backstand can be equipped with different
options such as:
• Converter splice detection:
During the manufacturing process of film by film suppliers
(converters), it is sometimes unavoidable that a single reel contains a
splice to achieve the desired amount of film per reel. The film supplier
will mark the position of these splices by adding tape. These are
referred to as a converter splice. These markers can be detected by a
photocell (converter splice detection) and then rejected on the
discharge belt.
• Powered film reels:
Servo driven reel holders are necessary when film speeds exceed 70
meters per minute. Due to the big differences in speed (inertia)
during splicing, ramp-up or ramp-down, of the active (running) reel of
film and the new reel of film, extra drive of the new (heavy) film reel is
needed to prevent rupturing the film.
• End of reel detection:
A function which detects the end of the film reel. This can be either a
mechanical detection or detection via an inductive sensor.
• Powered feed roll:
Driven roller on the backstand that supports the transportation of the
film and also contributes in creating a constant tension of the film
with the former. This is necessary when:
- film speeds exceeds 40 meters per minute
- No Product No Bag function is present
- wide film (≥ approx. 200 mm) is being used
7. 5 Flow Wrapping Principles
• Automatic film tracking:
Both for looks and function, it is important that the center line of the
film tracks in line with the center line of the machine. This tracking
can be adjusted manually by turning a knob at the end of the reel
holders which will cause the reel to go in or out. This adjustment can
also be done automatically using two light diodes at the edge of the
film reel with a fixed gap between them. During normal operation
one of them should be covered. If both are covered, or open, the
tracking of the film will be adjusted. This adjustment can be done by
moving the reel holders in and/or out or by changing the angle of the
(tracking) rollers in front of the former. The adjustment is within +/- 1
mm.
• Splicer:
A function which enables the automatic connection of two reels of
film. It connects the end of the empty reel of film, to the beginning of
the new reel, with manually placed double sided tape.
• Film cutting device:
Improves the efficiency of the splicer operation and reduces the
number of rejected packages. Using an encoder, the remaining
amount of film on the active film reel is monitored. Before the end of
the film reel is reached, the film will be actively cut to create a well
defined end of the film. Simultaneously, the splicing action is
activated resulting in a controlled and defined splice. While this does
improve the splicing efficiency, it has the disadvantage of wasting
film as some film remains unused on the reel.
• Self-centering film reel holders:
This option eliminates mechanical adjustments by the operator to
match the center line of the film reel to the center line of the machine
when a new film reel is loaded. Self-centering film reels perform this
automatically and are independent of the width of the film reel.
8. Flow Wrapping Principles 6
Transfer into Former
The pushers move the products in each flight forward into the former on
the wrapper. If the flight length and the bag length are equal the speed of
the product and film entering the former are the same. This condition will
create the best possible transfer. The infeed flight can be slightly longer
than the bag length but as a rule, never shorter than the bag length. Upon
reaching the former, the infeed pusher drops down after placing the
products into the former and onto the sealing material. The farther the
product is pushed into the forming area before the pusher drops away,
the better the transfer.
Pusher falls back
leaving the product
inside the film tube.
From this point the
film tube transports
the product to the
cutting head.
9. 7 Flow Wrapping Principles
Former and Fin Wheels
As the products travel through the former, a layer of sealing material (film)
is wrapped into a tube around the products with the two outside edges of
the material mated together at the bottom. These two mating edges of
sealing material then pass between a pair of rotating finseal wheels, which
pull the film and product through the former and seal it together with heat
and pressure. If running cold seal material, no heat is required. There is a
small amount of tension on the film that is required to properly track film
into the former area.
The sealed fin strip is folded over against the package by the auxiliary fin
wheels for entry into the endseal jaws. In some cases the machine does
not have auxiliary fin wheels. In that case the machine would have a
stationary fold over lip to fold the finseal over before entering the Cutting
Head area.
10. Flow Wrapping Principles 8
Endseal Crimpers
The endseal consists of a pair of rotating shafts each equipped with 1 to 4
crimpers. Each upper crimper has a knife and each lower crimper an
anvil. As the shafts rotate they seal the front of one package, the back of
another, and cut the two products apart in one motion. The knife can be
either straight or serrated for an easy open feature.
When the material is sealed, the knife and anvil cut the material in the
center of the seal to create a completely sealed individual package. The
sealed packages are then removed from the endseal area by the discharge
conveyor belt. From here the sealed packages are cartoned or conveyed
for further handling.
The speed of the discharge conveyor determines the amount of spacing
between the products and is usually adjustable.
11. 9 Flow Wrapping Principles
Cutting Head Configurations
The objective with the multiple crimper configurations as shown is to
match the number of crimpers to the cut-off length to achieve a smooth
constant motion in the crimper shaft. The illustration refers to the
common terminology used for the different cutting head configurations.
Rotary head:
The standard movement of a horizontal flow wrapper cutting head is a
rotary movement. A rotary movement (with multiple jaws) is a balanced
movement, which enables high running speeds. A rotary cutting head can
be equipped with several numbers of jaws. The jaws have a rounded
profile which results in a single point of contact with the film when
running. When speed fluctuations are minimal and the temperature is
within the optimal sealing window of the film, the packages will be
airtight.
Due to the relatively simple construction, it is the most economical
execution of a cutting head.
As a rule of thumb, the maximum capacity per jaw for a rotary cutting
head can be assumed to be approx 150 packages per minute.
12. Flow Wrapping Principles 10
Long Dwell head:
One of the possibilities to improve sealing capability is to extend the time
by which the heated jaw is in contact with the film. This means that the
jaw is running with the film, with identical speed. This is referred to
extended or long dwell time. The main purpose therefore of a Long Dwell
Head is to improve the sealing capabilities of a specific quality film.
D-Cam Profile:
In comparison to a rotary head, the usage of a D-Cam motion profile will
result in increasing the maximum film sealing range by 15-20%. Typically,
this type of jaw movement is not used to guarantee an air tight package,
but to enhance the maximum capacity (film speed) of a specific quality
film. The D-Cam profile heads are typically equipped with either 1-up to
2-up head configuration depending on product dimensions and required
capacity. A D-Cam long dwell has a fixed amount of crimper separation
and dwell distance. This design has a smaller “Foot Print” than a box
motion and can be less expensive.
Box Motion Profile
Similar to the D-Cam, the Box Motion Profile is designed to extend the
time by which the jaws are in contact with the film, so it can transfer more
heat into the film as opposed to increasing temperature which can
potentially melt the film. In comparison to a D-Cam, the usage of a Box
Motion profile may result in increasing the maximum film sealing range by
another 15-20%. The main purpose of using a Box-Motion type cutting
head is to guarantee air tight packages. Therefore, this type of jaw
movement is used for heavy, thick films (often metalized) and required for
pharmaceutical products. A Box-Motion type cutting head is always
equipped as a 1-up configuration. The maximum capacity is dependant on
the required cut-off length. The Box Motion profile uses separate
actuators (servo or pneumatic) for the horizontal and vertical motions
allowing a variable amount of crimper separation and dwell distance to be
achieved. This design typically requires a larger machine “Foot Print” than
the D-Cam and can be more expensive.
13. 11 Sealing Fundamentals- Heat, Dwell Time, Pressure
General Sealing Information
Generally speaking, two types of film can be distinguished; heat seal film
and cold seal film. Choices with respect to the use of heat or cold seal film
depends on a variety variables, such as:
• product characteristics
• material costs
• required capacity/speed
• necessary barriers (Ultraviolet, Oxygen, etc.)
• hermetic seal strength or integrity
Cold Seal Films
Cold seal films consists of a base material (carrier) and a thin layer of glue.
The sealing of this type of film is achieved by pressing the two layers of
glue together. Therefore, a welding process does not take place and as a
result, cold seal film can never offer the same protection and hermetic seal
qualities as heat seal film. A further disadvantage of cold seal film is the
fact that it needs to be stored in a climate controlled room otherwise the
quality of the glue may be negatively affected. The cost for cold seal film is
generally higher than heat seal film. However in theory, cold seal film can
be used at high film speeds and may be beneficial when dealing with
temperature sensitive products, such as chocolate.
Heat Seal Films
When high integrity seals are required, heat seal film offers the best
alternative. The remainder of this section will discuss sealing of heat seal
films since this type of film is more common.
One of the most important functions of the sealing material is its ability to
produce an adequate heat seal over a wide temperature range. Regardless
of what the sealing material looks like, (clear or cloudy) or how good the
flat sheet moisture barrier properties, the sealing material is not functional
on a horizontal wrapper if it does not have a reasonable operating range. If
the sealing material seals poorly, or if its sealing range is so narrow that
complete seal continuity cannot be maintained, packaging efficiencies and
seal integrity will suffer.
14. Sealing Fundamentals- Heat, Dwell Time, Pressure 12
A sealing material with good moisture and flavor barrier properties can
lose out to sealing materials with less protective qualities if it has poor
seal continuity.
To produce optimum seals on a horizontal wrapper, a few adjustments may
be required from time to time. A need for making these adjustments can
be created by many variables. Some of these are: worn sealing jaws,
fluctuation in electrical line voltage, change or variation in sealing material
and also speed changes in the equipment. In many cases more than one
product and sealing material are used on a single wrapper which
necessitates making adjustments.
In order to correctly make the temperature adjustment to compensate for
a change or degradation of seal quality, it is important to know what is
required to produce a seal on a thermoplastic coated material.
Sealing Information
To produce a seal, there are three important factors which must be kept in
mind and controlled. These are HEAT, DWELL and PRESSURE. The
preciseness in which these three factors are controlled and balanced, will
determine to a great extent the quality of the seals.
Heat
Temperature of the sealing surfaces (heat is not necessary with cold seal
film).
Dwell
Amount of time the heated surfaces are in contact with the sealing
material
Pressure
Amount of pressure applied to the sealing material when the heated
surfaces are in contact with the material
Heat - Dwell - Pressure
Whenever a change is made in any one of these factors, one or both of the
other two factors must be adjusted to compensate for this change.
15. 13 Sealing Fundamentals- Heat, Dwell Time, Pressure
EXAMPLE: If the speed of the wrapper is increased, the dwell time in
which the heated surfaces are in contact with the sealing material is
reduced. If this change in speed is significant, the sealing temperature
may need to be increased. Leaving the temperature at too low a level will
result in poor seals due to insufficient heating of the material. If on the
other hand the wrapper speed is decreased, the dwell time will be
increased. If this change is significant, the sealing temperature should be
lowered. Leaving the temperature at too high a level while operating at a
reduced speed will over-soften the coating, sometimes creating blisters in
the coating that may cause a buildup of coating on the sealing surfaces.
This can result in the sealing material sticking to the sealing surfaces,
which may cause the new seals to be pulled open or weakened as the
package moves forward.
Temperature
Excessive temperatures will create as much problem in producing a
continuous heat seal as too little heat.
A rule of thumb for setting the temperature on a wrapper running clear
sealing material is as follows. Slowly increase the sealing temperature until
the seal area starts showing a milky white appearance, then in 5 degree to
10 degree increments, reduce the temperature until the seal area is clear.
On other types of material, slowly increase the temperature until the seal
is correct. As long as the wrapper is held at a constant speed and the
sealing temperature is controlled properly, seals should be good. Since the
HEAT, DWELL and PRESSURE on each wrapper is unique there are no hard
and fast recommended seal settings. Each wrapper must be adjusted
according to its individual characteristics.
16. Film Types 14
Horizontal Form Fill and Seal Film Structures
• Polypropylene (PP – OPP) Film
Polypropylene is the most commonly used film for horizontal form fill and
seal. It is used to over wrap snack foods, candy, baked goods, etc. The
common make-up of this film consists of an outer layer, a polypropylene
core and a sealant layer on the interior. The outer layer is commonly
Acrylic coated to prevent the film from melting on the crimping jaws and
also to reduce friction on contacted surfaces.
Polypropylene film over wrap provides a containment seal and protection
from dirt and dust. It also provides some degree of protection from
moisture and oxygen, but over time this film does allow air exchange from
inside to outside.
Polypropylene film can come in literally hundreds of laminations depending
on your specific needs. Unprinted polypropylene is a clear film that
provides complete visibility of the product inside.
Polypropylene film can be supplied with several types of heat seal layers or
with a cold seal adhesive layer. Sealant layers such as metallocene, surlyn
or EVA, melt at lower temperatures than most sealant layers and tend to
increase line speeds.
Polypropylene films can be laminated with other materials such as low
density polyethylene and used for Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP)
or gas flush applications. These gas flush applications require a barrier
film and “hermetic” seals. Barrier films will not allow for exchange of
atmosphere from the inside of the package to the outside or vice versa. In
modified atmosphere packaging the oxygen inside the package is replace
with nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a blend of both gases. This inhibits the
growth of mold and extends the shelf life of the product inside the
package.
17. 15 Film Types
• Polypropylene (PP – OPP) Film
Polypropylene film is also available in an opaque film. This film provides a
nice white appearance and also provides for very attractive graphics when
printed. This film is commonly used for chocolate bars and ice cream treat
over wraps. This film can also be either heat sealable or cold seal. The
white layer helps to slow product deterioration due to light sources.
A third type of polypropylene film is metalized. This film has a vacuum
deposited aluminum layer applied when the film is produced. The
metallization of film enhances the film’s ability to protect the product from
outside oxygen and moisture. It also provides some degree of protection
from light deterioration of the product. Metalized opp is used for candy
bars, breakfast bars and in some applications pharmaceutical applications
where it replaces foil laminates.
Most polypropylene films run in a temperature range of 225F – 425F,
depending on thickness of film, sealants, coatings and speed.
• Polyester (PET) Film
Polyester films are commonly used as an outer layer in laminations with
other materials. Polyester has good heat resistance which performs well
in high speed applications. This film will not shrink due to high
temperatures like polypropylene will. The polyester layer in a laminate also
adds some strength to the film structure.
Light gauged polyester has become the standard over wrap material for
toaster pastries. Because of its heat resistance, polyester wrapped
products can be heated in microwaves. There is also a variety of polyester
that can be used in ovens. This material is used to wrap products such as
French bread. It is also used for lidding material on most frozen trayed
products. These products can go directly from freezer to oven!
48 gauge polyester along with a sealant layer of LDPE is widely used for
moist towelettes and baby wipes. Polyester films will typically accept
temperature settings as high as 500F +.
18. Film Types 16
• Polyethylene (PE) Film
Polyethylene film comes in three common versions:
1. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) commonly used in shrink
applications such as pizzas, soap bars for South America and a variety of
other shrink bundle applications.
LDPE can also run on a fin seal type horizontal wrapper if the film is
produced with a sealant layer on the inside. Typically EVA is used for a
sealant layer. This film is primarily used for wrapping plastic cutlery,
syringes for the pharmaceutical industry and literature over wrap. Sealing
temperatures for LDPE with an inside sealant layer are usually in the 225F
– 250F range.
2. Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) is used in laminations of
materials to add tear resistant properties to the finished film structure. It
can also be used as a sealant layer in laminated films.
3. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) requires a sealant layer in order to
seal on a fin seal type horizontal wrapper. It is used as an outer layer
along with LDPE and an EVA sealant layer for wrapping waffles, crackers
and plastic cutlery, to name a few applications. Sealing temperatures for
HDPE blends are typically in the 250F - 300F range.
• Foil Laminations
Foil laminations are made up of an aluminum alloy sheet sandwiched
between another film layer and an inside sealant layer. These laminations
can be several layers thick depending on the desired film properties.
Thickness of the foil layer can also vary widely.
Foil laminations are used for pharmaceutical products and light sensitive
products. The outer layer of a foil lamination may be paper, polyester,
nylon and polypropylene or others.
Foil laminates have the highest barrier properties of any material used for
over wrap. Seal temperature for foil laminations can range from 300F -
500F depending on thickness, outer layer and sealant layer.
Foil laminations often require extended dwell wrappers to seal properly.
19. 17 Film Types
• Paper/polyethylene laminations
Paper/poly laminations are commonly used to wrap gauze bandages.
Several frozen food products such as pot pies and burritos are wrapped in
paper/poly films. Some manufacturers have added a thin metalized layer
to the film; this is called “suseptor” film. The suseptor layer works in the
microwave to help brown or promote crispness of the product. Paper/poly
films typically do not run at high rates of speed due to the insulating factor
that the paper creates. Typical heat ranges are 350F – 500F and may
require preheat in order to attain line speeds required.
• Glassine Film
Glassine is a grease resistant paper with an inner sealant layer. It is
typically use for fried products such as fruit pies found in vending
machines. This type of film is being phased out in favor of other materials
that run faster and are not prone to tearing.
• Valeron Film
This is a name that has been given to a film that was developed for its
superior tear strength properties. It is used for wrapping most chlorine
tablets for toilet tank and swimming pool use. This film provides an
excellent moisture barrier, but its highest asset is its very high resistance
to punctures and tears. These qualities make it child resistant which is a
requirement for commercial chlorine products. This film typically will not
seal at speeds above 450 inches per minute. The film also has a very
narrow sealing window. This means the temperature window between
good seals and melting the film is very small!
20. Film Types 18
• Shrink Film
There are several films that fall into the shrink film category and include
films made from polyethylene. Low density polyethylene and linear low
density polyethylene films are common along with some polypropylenes.
Shrink films can also be made from an ethylene-propylene copolymer and
multi-layer polyolefin. These films are always run on a wrapper using a
bottom lap seal and a hot knife end seal.
Product wrapped using shrink films are: compact disks, candles, greeting
cards, box over wrap and trays of frozen product.
Also included in the shrink film category is Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). PVC
is used because of its high clarity and stiffness. It is used in place of
polyolefin film where very high clarity is desired.
PVC films are run using a lap seal that is usually a static seal. The end seal
is created by a special PVC knife that seals and separates the packages.
These films are also used to wrap candles, greeting cards and compact
disks.
21. 19 Common Calculations & Formulas
Cutting Head Diameter
The graphic below indicates how to determine your Cutting Head Diameter
and maximum product height.
Product Spacer
Correct head diameter is required to have proper clearance as the product
passes through the cutting head. Having the correct cutting head diameter
for your cutoff will result in less speed change or pause and a more
constant velocity in cutting head.
The charts on the next pages are designed to give you information about
minimum cutoffs, maximum cutoffs, and maximum product heights.
Information needed to determine parameters such as head size and
number of crimpers per shaft.
Product Spacer Formula is:
Head Diameter – Product Height = Product Spacer Diameter
Product Spacer Diameter x 3.14 has to be at cutoff length or greater than
cutoff length.
22. Common Calculations & Formulas 20
Head Diameters and Cutoffs
Correct head diameter is required to have proper clearance as the
product passes through the cutting head. Having the correct cutting head
diameter for your cutoff will result in less speed change or pause and a
more constant velocity in cutting head.
The charts below are designed to give you information about minimum
cutoffs, maximum cutoffs, and maximum product heights. Information
needed to determine parameters is head size and number of crimpers
per shaft.
Note: Maximum and minimum cutoffs are approximate only. Actual testing
with the machine at speed is required to achieve exact maximum and
minimum cutoffs.
Head Crimpers Minimum Maximum Maximum
Diameter per Shaft Cutoff Cutoff Product Height
1-up
140mm / 5.51"
315mm / 12.4"
40mm / 1.57"
100mm
2-up
85mm / 3.35"
155mm / 6.1"
40mm / 1.57"
(3.94")
3-up
55mm / 2.17"
105mm / 4.13"
20mm / 0.79"
1-up
170mm / 6.69"
375mm / 14.76"
60mm / 2.36"
120mm
2-up
90mm / 3.54"
185mm / 7.28"
60mm / 2.36"
(4.72")
3-up
65mm / 2.56"
125mm / 4.92"
30mm / 1.18"
1-up
200mm / 7.87"
470mm / 18.5"
90mm / 3.54"
150mm
2-up
110mm / 4.33"
235mm / 9.25"
90mm / 3.54"
(5.91")
3-up
80mm / 3.15"
150mm / 5.91"
45mm / 1.77"
1-up
250mm / 9.84"
565mm / 22.24"
110mm / 4.33"
180mm
2-up
130mm / 5.12"
280mm / 11.02"
110mm / 4.33"
(7.09")
3-up
95mm / 3.74"
180mm / 7.09"
60mm / 2.36"
23. 21 Common Calculations & Formulas
Determining Cutoff Length
The Formula for determining cutoff length is:
Product Height divided by 0.86603 + Total Crimper Width +
Total Product Length.
This formula is a starting point only. Testing on your machine with actual
product and film is necessary to determine film cutoff.
Product height divided
by .86603 is used for Total Crimper Width
determining the amount This width can change on
of film taken up by the different style crimpers
angle to the end seal
Product height
Total product
length
Product spacer
24. Common Calculations & Formulas 22
Determining Web Width
The formula for sizing the film web width is:
2 x (Product Width + Product Height + Fin Seal Roller Height + 5mm)
The 5mm (0.2”) can be explained by the distance (including the height
and thickness of the deckplates) from the product to the fin sealing roller
and some extra film to assure good tracking in the finseal rollers.
Product Width
Product height
Fin seal height
Common fin sealing roller heights are: 6, 9 and 15 millimeter. Together
with the 5mm of film for tracking purposes, this results in finseal widths
of 11, 14 and 20 millimeters respectively.
This calculation can be used for most products with a consistent
dimension. For products with more variable dimensions, such as bakery
products, the film width must be increased to allow for bigger variations.
This however, creates looser packs with wider finseal areas.
The sizing and formula recommendations are used for hard film
wrappers. Use these formulas for a starting point only. Testing on your
machine with actual product and film is necessary to determine film sizing
and cutoff.
25. 23 Common Calculations & Formulas
Former Sizing to Product
When dealing with products that are not stable in size, you must base
your former sizing on the cross section of largest product.
Typical spacing for unstable products is ¼ inch clearance around the
entire product and the inside of the former.
Typical spacing for stable products is 1/8 inch clearance around the entire
product and the inside of the former.
When using product guides that enter the former you need to allow for
the thickness of the guides.
The sizing and formula recommendations are used for hard film
wrappers. Use these formulas for a starting point only. Testing on your
machine with actual product and film is necessary to determine film sizing
and cut off.
Film Sizing to Former
To determine film width for a former use:
2x inside height + 2x inside width + 1¼ inch for the fin seal.
In some cases the film width may vary from 11/2 to 2” and may work.
Actual testing in production environment would be required.
26. Flow Wrapper Troubleshooting 24
Flow Wrapper Troubleshooting
Problem: Product jams in the forming area and/ or cutting head.
Possible Cause Solution
The product is moving slower than the film Enter the correct infeed pitch and package
- the infeed pitch is much shorter than the length values
product length
Problem: The product is not placed consistently inside the package - it wanders or drifts
inside the package.
Possible Cause Solution
The film is moving faster than the product Enter a larger infeed pitch value and/ or a
when they enter the former - the infeed pitch smaller package lenth value
is shorter than the package length
Problem: The film wanders across the pivot arm rollers and the packages are wrapped
incorrectly.
Possible Cause Solution
The film is not wrapped at least 180˚ around Reposition the pivot arm rollers and/ or the
the first pivot arm roller pivot arm
Problem: The film does not feed properly.
Possible Cause Solution
The film is not threaded correctly Check the film threading
The finwheels are open Move the finwheel lever to the closed
position
The finwheels are not pressed together tight Increase the pressure between the
enough finwheels
Problem: The serrations on the finwheels are cutting through the film.
Possible Cause Solution
The finwheels are pressed together too tight Decrease the pressure between the
finwheels
Problem: The serrations on the crimpers are cutting through the film.
Possible Cause Solution
There is not enough clearance between the Increase the clearance between the
crimpers crimpers
The crimper sealing pressure is too high Decrease the crimper sealing pressure
27. 25 Flow Wrapper Troubleshooting
Flow Wrapper Troubleshooting
Problem: The finseal is not holding together.
Possible Cause Solution
The finwheel temperature setting is too low Increase the finwheel temperature setting
The finwheels are dirty Clean the finwheels
The finwheels are not pressed together tight Increase the pressure between the
enough finwheels
The film is too narrow Load a wider film roll
Problem: The endseals are not holding together.
Possible Cause Solution
The crimper temperature setting is too low Increase the crimper temperature setting
The crimpers are dirty Clean the crimpers
There is too much clearance between the Decrease the clearance between the
crimpers crimpers
The crimper sealing pressure is too low Increase the crimper sealing pressure
Problem: The film is being wrinkled.
Possible Cause Solution
The wrong product spacer has been installed Install the correct product spacer
The product spacer is not set at the correct Adjust the height of the product spacer
height
The film tension is not adjusted properly Adjust the spring tension
The film is not centered over the former Center the film roll on the parent roll
Problem: The finseals are bubbly and/ or melted.
Possible Cause Solution
The finwheel temperature setting is too high Lower the finwheel temperature setting
The finwheels are dirty Clean the finwheels
Problem: The endseals are bubbly and/ or melted.
Possible Cause Solution
The crimper temperature setting is too high Lower the crimper temperature setting
The crimpers are dirty Clean the crimpers
Problem: The film is blurred or discolored at the edge of the finseal.
Possible Cause Solution
The finwheel temperature setting is too high Lower the crimper temperature setting
The crimpers are dirty Clean the crimpers
28. Flow Wrapper Troubleshooting 26
Flow Wrapper Troubleshooting
Problem: There are chicken tracks in the finseal.
Possible Cause Solution
The finwheels are dirty Clean the finwheels
The finwheel temperature is too hot Lower the finwheel temperature setting
The festoon roller‘s brake is not releasing Check that the festoon roller‘s brake is
properly releasing properly. If it is not releasing
properly, call manufacturer for further
assistance
Problem: The film comes out from between the finwheels.
Possible Cause Solution
The finwheels are open Move the finwheel release lever to the closed
position
The film is too narrow Load a wider film roll
Problem: The finseal is too deep.
Possible Cause Solution
The film is too wide Load a narrower film roll
Problem: The finseal is twisted.
Possible Cause Solution
The film is too wide Load a narrower film roll
Problem: The blouse of the package is too loose.
Possible Cause Solution
The pivot arm is too high Lower the pivot arm
Problem: The blouse of the package is too tight.
Possible Cause Solution
The pivot arm is too low Raise the pivot arm
Problem: The crimps in the endseals are misaligned.
Possible Cause Solution
The crimpers are not aligned properly Adjust the alignment of the crimpers
30. Bosch Packaging Machines
Horizontal Flow Wrapper Centers of Excellence
North America South America Europe/ Africia
Bosch Packaging Robert Bosch Tecnologia Bosch Packaging
Technology, Inc. de Embalagem Ltda. Technology BV
869 South Knowles Avenue Av. Jurua, 606, Alphaville- Conradstraat 4
New Richmond, WI 54017 Brazil Netherlands-3100 AA
USA 06455-010 Barueri SP Schiedam
Tel: 715 246-6511 Tel: +55 11 2117 6800 Tel: +31 10 4885899
sales.packaging-nrd@ pabr@bosch.com info.packaging-sdm@
bosch.com bosch.com
Asia
Bosch Packaging Bosch Packaging Bosch Limited
Technology Technology Packaging Technology
(Hangzhou Co. Ltd.) (Singapore) Pte Ltd Division
680, Rd No 23 7 Tai Seng Drive, #05-02 N4, Phase IV, Verna
310018 Hangzhou Singapore 535218 Industrial Estate
P.R. China Tel: + 65 6380 8319 Verna, Goa 403722 India
Tel: +86 571 8726 5000 enquiry.packaging-sg Tel: + 91 832 6692017
saleschina@boschpackaging. @bosch.com boschpackaging@
com in.bosch.com
The information contained herein is based on our testing and experience and is offered for the
users consideration, investigation and verification. Since operating and use conditions vary
and since we do not control such conditions, we must DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY,
EXPRESSED or IMPLIED, with regard to results obtained from the use of this product.