4. a fungicide for vines, fruit trees, and other
plants, composed of equal quantities of
copper sulfate and calcium oxide in water.
The Bordeaux Mixture
The Bordeaux mixture was created by the
French botany professor Pierre Alexis
Millardet.
5. The powdery mildew The phylloxera The downy mildew
Diseases that struck
the European vineyard
During 1840's During 1860's During 1878
6. The powdery mildew is a condition known in
America where the young grape leaves would
be covered with spots of white powder, as the
leaf grew in size the white spots would spread
and cover most of the leaf. If the white
mildewy stuff get on the berries , it would
become dirty gray, wither and sometimes
crack. It was later known to be caused by
Uncinula necator.
The Powdery Mildew
7. The phylloxera is derived from the Greek
word phyllo-leaf, and xera-dry. The young
leaves on French vines developed several
small galls on the underside , but then few
weeks later , all the leaves would turn
yellowish to red in early spring and summer
and subsequently wither and fall off. This
condition is associated with aphids, the
phylloxera aphids.
The Phylloxera
9. The downy mildew shows whitish downy
spots on their underside while the upper sides
of such leaves corresponding to the
underside downy spots became yellow and
then turned brownish black and then died.
This condition is caused by the fungus
Plasmopara viticola.
The Downy Mildew
10. The England dusted a mixture of powdered
lime and sulfur on the vines and it significantly
protected the leaves and the berries from the
powdery mildew.
Treatment for powdery
mildew
11. The American vines were used as rootstocks
on which the European vines were grafted.
Because the phylloxera aphids did not attack
or cause serious damage on the American
vines.
Treatment for
phylloxera
12. The vines are sprayed by bluestone(copper
sulfate), mixed with hydrated lime to better
stick on the leaves.
Treatment for downy
mildew
