The document discusses various pricing methods for products: value pricing which considers customer value and willingness to pay; cost+ pricing which covers costs and desired margin; competitive pricing which analyzes competitors' prices; psychology-based pricing which considers how price impacts perceived quality; and experimental pricing which tests different prices to analyze effects on quantity and revenue. It also notes the importance of leaving slack in pricing for discounts, partners, and promotions.
- Cadbury India is a fully owned subsidiary of Kraft Foods Inc. and operates manufacturing facilities across India.
- It enjoys a 70% value market share in India's chocolate confectionery market, which is the highest Cadbury brand share worldwide.
- Cadbury analyzed its fixed, variable, and semi-variable costs. It identified indirect/overhead costs like salaries, rent, electricity.
- Cadbury's profit-volume ratio increased from 23.23% in 2011 to higher in 2012, indicating greater profits with higher sales.
- Cadbury prepares standard cost sheets and uses activity-based costing to better understand product costs and profitability.
This document discusses concepts related to costs of production including:
- Marginal product, which is the change in output from adding one more worker, and examples of how it is calculated.
- Specialization, where workers focus on specific tasks to increase efficiency. Common specialized roles in businesses are provided.
- Types of returns like increasing and diminishing returns based on adding more workers.
- Types of costs such as fixed, variable, and total costs, as well as marginal cost and an example of how it is calculated.
- Groups are asked to provide examples of variable and fixed costs for different business types.
- The document discusses that businesses aim to maximize profit, where profit equals total revenue minus total costs
A case study of cost analysis and pricing decision of smeEnamul Islam
M. Keramot Ali Hall Dining is a sole proprietorship located on the campus of Patuakhali Science and Technology University. The report analyzes the dining hall's costs and profits over a one month period. Key findings include inaccurate sales records and an imperfect pricing system. Recommendations are to implement proper accounting practices, track sales volumes more carefully, and improve the costing system to enhance decision making.
This document provides 5 ways for a drink business to increase gross profit without increasing sales.
1. Control staff and complimentary drinks to add up to 0.5% gross profit.
2. Reduce waste and properly clean lines between uses to add up to 1% gross profit.
3. Make promotions more profitable by focusing on higher margin drinks to add up to 2% gross profit.
4. Focus on cost prices and retail prices to add up to 5% gross profit.
5. Control shrinkage from waste, theft, or fraud to add up to 6% gross profit.
Dabur India Ltd is India's largest Ayurvedic medicine manufacturer founded in 1884. It has over 260 Ayurvedic medicines and is the 4th largest FMCG company in India with revenues of over Rs. 7,073 crore. The cost sheet shows that between 2011-12 and 2012-13, Dabur's sales increased from Rs. 5,283 crore to Rs. 6,146 crore and profits increased from Rs. 2,736 crore to Rs. 3,220 crore. The break-even point increased from Rs. 1,055 crore to Rs. 1,277 crore, while the margin of safety decreased slightly from 80% to 79.2%, indicating
This document provides an introduction to costing and pricing concepts. It discusses the classification of costs based on behavior, functionality and relevance to projects. It also covers break-even analysis, marginal costing, contribution, leverage, and various pricing approaches and strategies.
The document discusses various pricing methods for products: value pricing which considers customer value and willingness to pay; cost+ pricing which covers costs and desired margin; competitive pricing which analyzes competitors' prices; psychology-based pricing which considers how price impacts perceived quality; and experimental pricing which tests different prices to analyze effects on quantity and revenue. It also notes the importance of leaving slack in pricing for discounts, partners, and promotions.
- Cadbury India is a fully owned subsidiary of Kraft Foods Inc. and operates manufacturing facilities across India.
- It enjoys a 70% value market share in India's chocolate confectionery market, which is the highest Cadbury brand share worldwide.
- Cadbury analyzed its fixed, variable, and semi-variable costs. It identified indirect/overhead costs like salaries, rent, electricity.
- Cadbury's profit-volume ratio increased from 23.23% in 2011 to higher in 2012, indicating greater profits with higher sales.
- Cadbury prepares standard cost sheets and uses activity-based costing to better understand product costs and profitability.
This document discusses concepts related to costs of production including:
- Marginal product, which is the change in output from adding one more worker, and examples of how it is calculated.
- Specialization, where workers focus on specific tasks to increase efficiency. Common specialized roles in businesses are provided.
- Types of returns like increasing and diminishing returns based on adding more workers.
- Types of costs such as fixed, variable, and total costs, as well as marginal cost and an example of how it is calculated.
- Groups are asked to provide examples of variable and fixed costs for different business types.
- The document discusses that businesses aim to maximize profit, where profit equals total revenue minus total costs
A case study of cost analysis and pricing decision of smeEnamul Islam
M. Keramot Ali Hall Dining is a sole proprietorship located on the campus of Patuakhali Science and Technology University. The report analyzes the dining hall's costs and profits over a one month period. Key findings include inaccurate sales records and an imperfect pricing system. Recommendations are to implement proper accounting practices, track sales volumes more carefully, and improve the costing system to enhance decision making.
This document provides 5 ways for a drink business to increase gross profit without increasing sales.
1. Control staff and complimentary drinks to add up to 0.5% gross profit.
2. Reduce waste and properly clean lines between uses to add up to 1% gross profit.
3. Make promotions more profitable by focusing on higher margin drinks to add up to 2% gross profit.
4. Focus on cost prices and retail prices to add up to 5% gross profit.
5. Control shrinkage from waste, theft, or fraud to add up to 6% gross profit.
Dabur India Ltd is India's largest Ayurvedic medicine manufacturer founded in 1884. It has over 260 Ayurvedic medicines and is the 4th largest FMCG company in India with revenues of over Rs. 7,073 crore. The cost sheet shows that between 2011-12 and 2012-13, Dabur's sales increased from Rs. 5,283 crore to Rs. 6,146 crore and profits increased from Rs. 2,736 crore to Rs. 3,220 crore. The break-even point increased from Rs. 1,055 crore to Rs. 1,277 crore, while the margin of safety decreased slightly from 80% to 79.2%, indicating
This document provides an introduction to costing and pricing concepts. It discusses the classification of costs based on behavior, functionality and relevance to projects. It also covers break-even analysis, marginal costing, contribution, leverage, and various pricing approaches and strategies.
Principles of marketing topic 6 price 2021znurul anis
The document discusses various types of pricing strategies and concepts. It begins by defining key terms like cost, price, and different pricing strategies such as good-value pricing and value-added pricing. It then covers customer value-based pricing, cost-based pricing including incremental cost pricing and break-even analysis. Competitive based pricing and types like pricing at the current rate and closed bid pricing are explained. The document also discusses market skimming and penetration pricing strategies and concludes by summarizing product mix pricing strategies such as product line pricing, optional features pricing, captive product pricing, by-product pricing, and product bundle pricing.
Variable costing & absorption costingnaimhossain8
The document discusses variable costing and absorption costing. It provides examples of how to calculate costs and prepare income statements under each method. Variable costing includes only variable costs as product costs, while absorption costing includes both variable and fixed manufacturing costs. Absorption costing may result in higher reported income when production exceeds sales due to deferred fixed costs in inventory. Variable costing is generally used internally while absorption costing is used for external reporting in accordance with GAAP. The document also outlines some key advantages and limitations of each costing method.
This document discusses various pricing strategies for a new product called FunTabStick being launched in India by ACowStick Pvt Ltd. It begins with an example to illustrate how to calculate contribution margin. It then outlines the key considerations and costs involved in determining the landed price in India, including FOB price, customs duty, freight, etc. The rest of the document discusses different pricing strategies that could be used such as cost-plus pricing, skimming, loss leader, market-oriented pricing, penetration pricing, premium pricing, and psychological pricing. Other resources on topics like contribution margin and operating profit are also referenced.
This document contains examples of differential analysis for various business decisions, including whether to lease or sell equipment, discontinue an unprofitable product line, manufacture or purchase a needed part, replace equipment, further process or sell an intermediate product, and accept additional business at a special price. Each example provides the relevant financial information, calculates the differential revenue and costs of the alternatives, and recommends the alternative with the higher differential income or cost savings.
This document discusses absorption costing and variable costing. Absorption costing includes both variable and fixed production costs in inventory and cost of goods sold, while variable costing includes only variable costs. Variable costing is more consistent with contribution margin analysis and decision making. Absorption costing is required for external financial reporting and tax purposes, but variable costing provides more useful information to management for decision making.
techniques to measure and enhance profitability and quality of a product or ...sarthakjain218
This document discusses various techniques to measure corporate performance, quality, and profitability. It outlines ratios and analyses that can be used to measure profitability, including margin ratios, return on assets, return on investment, and break-even analysis. Break-even analysis in particular calculates the sales volume needed to cover total costs. The document also discusses techniques for enhancing quality and profitability, such as increasing sales, controlling costs, reducing waste, and benchmarking quality metrics.
Manufacturers need product costing systems to measure and record the costs of manufactured products for both external financial reporting and internal decision making. There are three main categories of costs included in Work in Process Inventory: direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. Job-order costing systems, which accumulate costs by job, are generally used by companies producing unique or batch products, while process costing systems are used by companies producing large volumes of identical items.
Interpreting accounting information for sole proprietorsChris Bell
This document provides information and examples for calculating key financial metrics for sole proprietors including:
- Mark-up percentage, which is calculated by dividing gross profit by cost of goods sold.
- Gross profit percentage, calculated by dividing gross profit by sales.
- Expense percentages for different expense groups like distribution costs, calculated by dividing the expense by sales.
Formulas and step-by-step examples are provided to illustrate how to calculate these percentages from financial statements. The percentages provide insight into a business's profitability, liquidity, and stability.
This document defines and provides formulas for calculating four financial ratios: gross profit ratio, net profit ratio, operating ratio, and operating profit ratio. It then provides financial information for a company and asks the reader to calculate the values of these four ratios based on the data.
Brief Introduction to COST ACCOUNTING.pdfssusercee0e4
Cost accounting is the application of costing and cost accounting methods, techniques and principles to control costs and ascertain profitability. The main objectives of cost accounting are to find the cost of goods produced or services rendered and help management detect and control inefficiencies. Cost accounting provides information to management for decision making. Costs can be classified by elements, functions, and behavior. Marginal costing is a technique that includes only variable costs in the unit cost and treats fixed costs as period costs to minimize losses and maximize contribution. Key concepts in marginal costing include contribution, profit-volume ratio, break-even point, and margin of safety. Marginal costing helps management with decision making by focusing on contribution.
Absorption/Variable Costing and Cost-Volume-Profit Analysisnarman1402
This chapter discusses absorption and variable costing approaches and how they differ in classifying and presenting costs. It also covers cost-volume-profit analysis, which examines the relationship between sales revenue, costs, and production volume. Companies use cost-volume-profit analysis to calculate break-even points, set target profits, and answer "what-if" questions. The underlying assumptions are that costs and revenues remain constant and that the company operates within a relevant range.
The document discusses various aspects of finance, financial planning, and pricing strategies. It provides information on setting prices based on costs, competitors, and customer value. Key points include determining direct and fixed costs to calculate cost per unit, forecasting sales and profits, and creating cashflow forecasts to predict cash balances over time. Different pricing methods like cost-based, competition-based, and value-based approaches are examined, along with tips for negotiating prices and using dynamic pricing models.
This document discusses break even analysis. It defines financial break even point as the level of sales or revenue needed to cover all expenses and reach zero profit. It provides the formula to calculate break even point using total fixed costs and contribution margin per unit. An example is given of a company calculating its break even point in units and revenue. Key assumptions and uses of break even analysis are outlined, including planning, pricing strategy, and investment decisions. Graphical and cash break even analysis are also introduced.
This summary provides an overview of key concepts from differential cost analysis and incremental decision making:
Differential cost analysis focuses on the differences in costs and revenues between alternative choices. It considers only costs and revenues that change with the decision. Incremental analysis compares the incremental revenue to the incremental costs of various options to determine the most profitable choice. For example, a company may analyze whether to make or buy a product based on the incremental costs and revenues of each option.
The document provides an overview of key concepts for making short-term business decisions, including identifying relevant costs, pricing approaches, product mix considerations, outsourcing decisions, and whether to sell a product as-is or process it further. Specific topics discussed include relevant vs irrelevant costs, target costing vs cost-plus pricing, using contribution margin to evaluate special orders and discontinuing products, factoring resource constraints into product mix, and using incremental analysis for outsourcing and processing decisions. Worked examples are provided to illustrate calculating costs and revenues to determine the best short-term alternative.
Empowerment through Enterprise - how to get your start up business off the gr...caniceconsulting
This document discusses options for funding a new business venture. It begins by explaining the importance of determining if a business idea is viable by considering if there is demand for the product/service and if it can generate sufficient reward and profit. It then covers costs, pricing, calculating breakeven points using total cost and contribution approaches. Finally, it discusses sources of funding that may be available to support a new startup business.
This document discusses break even analysis, which determines the sales volume needed for a business to make a profit. It explains that break even analysis helps managers make informed decisions about new products, equipment, and pricing. The document provides the algebraic formula for calculating break even point and illustrates break even analysis for a company called Surf. Examples are given of Rajiv Gandhi Setu bridge, which fell short of its break even daily collection target, and Jumbo King Vada Pav restaurants, which achieved success and sustained profits through strategic franchise expansion near railway stations.
The usual performance metric that most Paid Search professionals would do bid optimisation against is CPA or ROAS. I explore other different metrics that could be used that would still really help drive a better performance than one would usually see. It looks at ways not just to drive revenue growth but also improve cost efficiency.
Principles of marketing topic 6 price 2021znurul anis
The document discusses various types of pricing strategies and concepts. It begins by defining key terms like cost, price, and different pricing strategies such as good-value pricing and value-added pricing. It then covers customer value-based pricing, cost-based pricing including incremental cost pricing and break-even analysis. Competitive based pricing and types like pricing at the current rate and closed bid pricing are explained. The document also discusses market skimming and penetration pricing strategies and concludes by summarizing product mix pricing strategies such as product line pricing, optional features pricing, captive product pricing, by-product pricing, and product bundle pricing.
Variable costing & absorption costingnaimhossain8
The document discusses variable costing and absorption costing. It provides examples of how to calculate costs and prepare income statements under each method. Variable costing includes only variable costs as product costs, while absorption costing includes both variable and fixed manufacturing costs. Absorption costing may result in higher reported income when production exceeds sales due to deferred fixed costs in inventory. Variable costing is generally used internally while absorption costing is used for external reporting in accordance with GAAP. The document also outlines some key advantages and limitations of each costing method.
This document discusses various pricing strategies for a new product called FunTabStick being launched in India by ACowStick Pvt Ltd. It begins with an example to illustrate how to calculate contribution margin. It then outlines the key considerations and costs involved in determining the landed price in India, including FOB price, customs duty, freight, etc. The rest of the document discusses different pricing strategies that could be used such as cost-plus pricing, skimming, loss leader, market-oriented pricing, penetration pricing, premium pricing, and psychological pricing. Other resources on topics like contribution margin and operating profit are also referenced.
This document contains examples of differential analysis for various business decisions, including whether to lease or sell equipment, discontinue an unprofitable product line, manufacture or purchase a needed part, replace equipment, further process or sell an intermediate product, and accept additional business at a special price. Each example provides the relevant financial information, calculates the differential revenue and costs of the alternatives, and recommends the alternative with the higher differential income or cost savings.
This document discusses absorption costing and variable costing. Absorption costing includes both variable and fixed production costs in inventory and cost of goods sold, while variable costing includes only variable costs. Variable costing is more consistent with contribution margin analysis and decision making. Absorption costing is required for external financial reporting and tax purposes, but variable costing provides more useful information to management for decision making.
techniques to measure and enhance profitability and quality of a product or ...sarthakjain218
This document discusses various techniques to measure corporate performance, quality, and profitability. It outlines ratios and analyses that can be used to measure profitability, including margin ratios, return on assets, return on investment, and break-even analysis. Break-even analysis in particular calculates the sales volume needed to cover total costs. The document also discusses techniques for enhancing quality and profitability, such as increasing sales, controlling costs, reducing waste, and benchmarking quality metrics.
Manufacturers need product costing systems to measure and record the costs of manufactured products for both external financial reporting and internal decision making. There are three main categories of costs included in Work in Process Inventory: direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. Job-order costing systems, which accumulate costs by job, are generally used by companies producing unique or batch products, while process costing systems are used by companies producing large volumes of identical items.
Interpreting accounting information for sole proprietorsChris Bell
This document provides information and examples for calculating key financial metrics for sole proprietors including:
- Mark-up percentage, which is calculated by dividing gross profit by cost of goods sold.
- Gross profit percentage, calculated by dividing gross profit by sales.
- Expense percentages for different expense groups like distribution costs, calculated by dividing the expense by sales.
Formulas and step-by-step examples are provided to illustrate how to calculate these percentages from financial statements. The percentages provide insight into a business's profitability, liquidity, and stability.
This document defines and provides formulas for calculating four financial ratios: gross profit ratio, net profit ratio, operating ratio, and operating profit ratio. It then provides financial information for a company and asks the reader to calculate the values of these four ratios based on the data.
Brief Introduction to COST ACCOUNTING.pdfssusercee0e4
Cost accounting is the application of costing and cost accounting methods, techniques and principles to control costs and ascertain profitability. The main objectives of cost accounting are to find the cost of goods produced or services rendered and help management detect and control inefficiencies. Cost accounting provides information to management for decision making. Costs can be classified by elements, functions, and behavior. Marginal costing is a technique that includes only variable costs in the unit cost and treats fixed costs as period costs to minimize losses and maximize contribution. Key concepts in marginal costing include contribution, profit-volume ratio, break-even point, and margin of safety. Marginal costing helps management with decision making by focusing on contribution.
Absorption/Variable Costing and Cost-Volume-Profit Analysisnarman1402
This chapter discusses absorption and variable costing approaches and how they differ in classifying and presenting costs. It also covers cost-volume-profit analysis, which examines the relationship between sales revenue, costs, and production volume. Companies use cost-volume-profit analysis to calculate break-even points, set target profits, and answer "what-if" questions. The underlying assumptions are that costs and revenues remain constant and that the company operates within a relevant range.
The document discusses various aspects of finance, financial planning, and pricing strategies. It provides information on setting prices based on costs, competitors, and customer value. Key points include determining direct and fixed costs to calculate cost per unit, forecasting sales and profits, and creating cashflow forecasts to predict cash balances over time. Different pricing methods like cost-based, competition-based, and value-based approaches are examined, along with tips for negotiating prices and using dynamic pricing models.
This document discusses break even analysis. It defines financial break even point as the level of sales or revenue needed to cover all expenses and reach zero profit. It provides the formula to calculate break even point using total fixed costs and contribution margin per unit. An example is given of a company calculating its break even point in units and revenue. Key assumptions and uses of break even analysis are outlined, including planning, pricing strategy, and investment decisions. Graphical and cash break even analysis are also introduced.
This summary provides an overview of key concepts from differential cost analysis and incremental decision making:
Differential cost analysis focuses on the differences in costs and revenues between alternative choices. It considers only costs and revenues that change with the decision. Incremental analysis compares the incremental revenue to the incremental costs of various options to determine the most profitable choice. For example, a company may analyze whether to make or buy a product based on the incremental costs and revenues of each option.
The document provides an overview of key concepts for making short-term business decisions, including identifying relevant costs, pricing approaches, product mix considerations, outsourcing decisions, and whether to sell a product as-is or process it further. Specific topics discussed include relevant vs irrelevant costs, target costing vs cost-plus pricing, using contribution margin to evaluate special orders and discontinuing products, factoring resource constraints into product mix, and using incremental analysis for outsourcing and processing decisions. Worked examples are provided to illustrate calculating costs and revenues to determine the best short-term alternative.
Empowerment through Enterprise - how to get your start up business off the gr...caniceconsulting
This document discusses options for funding a new business venture. It begins by explaining the importance of determining if a business idea is viable by considering if there is demand for the product/service and if it can generate sufficient reward and profit. It then covers costs, pricing, calculating breakeven points using total cost and contribution approaches. Finally, it discusses sources of funding that may be available to support a new startup business.
This document discusses break even analysis, which determines the sales volume needed for a business to make a profit. It explains that break even analysis helps managers make informed decisions about new products, equipment, and pricing. The document provides the algebraic formula for calculating break even point and illustrates break even analysis for a company called Surf. Examples are given of Rajiv Gandhi Setu bridge, which fell short of its break even daily collection target, and Jumbo King Vada Pav restaurants, which achieved success and sustained profits through strategic franchise expansion near railway stations.
The usual performance metric that most Paid Search professionals would do bid optimisation against is CPA or ROAS. I explore other different metrics that could be used that would still really help drive a better performance than one would usually see. It looks at ways not just to drive revenue growth but also improve cost efficiency.
- Marginal costing focuses on variable costs and treats fixed costs as period costs. It is used for short-term decision making.
- Absorption costing assigns both variable and fixed production costs to inventory and cost of goods sold. It is used for external financial reporting.
- Under marginal costing, contribution is calculated as sales revenue minus variable costs. Fixed costs are deducted from contribution to determine profit. This allows managers to focus on the impact of decisions on contribution.
This document discusses costing and pricing strategies for businesses. It defines different types of costs like direct, indirect, fixed and variable costs. It also explains how to calculate the cost per unit of production and break-even point. The document then discusses various pricing strategies like premium pricing, penetration pricing, price skimming, economy pricing and psychological pricing. It emphasizes the importance of understanding costs and setting the right price point to maximize profits.
Week 8 relevant costing and short-term decision-makingErfan Ovee Nomaan
This document discusses marginal costing and its use in short-term decision making. It provides examples of how marginal costing can be used to make make-or-buy decisions by considering only variable costs, one-off order decisions by evaluating contribution, product discontinuation decisions by analyzing contribution per product, and limiting factor analysis to determine optimal production levels when there are resource constraints. Fixed costs are generally ignored in short-term decision making unless they are incremental to the decision being considered. Marginal costing allows managers to focus on costs and revenues that change with different short-term business decisions.
This document summarizes absorption costing and marginal costing. Absorption costing treats all manufacturing costs, including both fixed and variable costs, as product costs. Marginal costing treats only variable manufacturing costs as product costs, regarding fixed costs as period costs. Absorption costing follows generally accepted accounting principles but may distort profits, while marginal costing is more relevant for decision making but can manipulate profits. Breakeven analysis uses cost-volume concepts to determine sales needed to cover total costs and achieve a target profit level.
This document provides an overview of absorption costing and marginal costing. Absorption costing treats all manufacturing costs, including fixed costs, as product costs. Marginal costing treats only variable manufacturing costs as product costs, regarding fixed costs as period costs. Absorption costing results in higher inventory valuations and can result in different profit amounts than marginal costing depending on production and sales levels. The document also discusses breakeven analysis and how it can be used to determine sales volumes needed to reach the breakeven point or a target profit level.
The document discusses retail pricing strategies and financial performance monitoring. It covers:
1) Methods for determining retail pricing based on theories of pricing, positioning, and customer demand.
2) Key financial ratios and measures used to monitor retail profitability and costs, including gross profit margin and return on capital employed.
3) Additional metrics like markups, margins, and direct product profitability that factor in costs beyond purchase price.
4) The importance of balancing financial performance with other factors like marketing, customers, and business processes.
Two costing experts discuss using direct costing techniques to understand the true cost of products or services. These ideas can help businesses be more competitive in pricing their products and services.
The document provides information for pre-simulation planning of marketing strategies. It outlines key marketing objectives to increase market share and retention rates of product Allround. It also aims to launch new products in non-overlapping market segments. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are identified. Product, pricing, distribution and promotion objectives are defined. The simulation will execute marketing strategies across advertising, pricing, sales and promotion functions. Post-simulation recommendations will evaluate strategic decisions and performance.
Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Productnarman1402
Joint products are the primary outputs of a single process where one product cannot be manufactured without producing others. Joint costs are allocated to joint products using physical or monetary measures, with monetary allocation based on sales value at split-off. By-products may receive an allocation of joint costs based on net realizable value, while scrap typically does not receive an allocation of costs.
Similar to Bootcamp presentation 2 marketing objectives (20)
Scaling a business is a leadership challenge. This is the message that this amazing book leaves you with, how though do we do that? Musings - that stream of thought that arrives from any direction as we read, take-in information and process it - are captured in a slidedeck that will hopefully act as an aide memoir but also as a catalyst for you to read the work.
Musings from: The Real Business of BlockchainJames Cracknell
The document discusses blockchain and how leaders can create value from it. It describes blockchain as a mechanism to bring trust and transparency to digital environments. It then outlines the five core elements of blockchain: distribution, encryption, immutability, tokenization, and decentralization. The document also discusses different types of blockchain solutions organizations can adopt, including FOMO, Trojan Horse, opportunistic, and evolutionary approaches. Overall, the document provides an overview of blockchain and strategies for how leaders can harness its potential.
Profiting from innovation in the digital economy teece 2018James Cracknell
David Teece's 1986 seminal work' Profiting from Innovation' set out a framework highly relevant to trhe industrial age but not so specific to address the digital landscape of today. The 2018 version has just done that. These are notes and musings from reading the paper, extracting valuable insight into IP and appropriations that protect. IOt also addresses the issues of how we reward the inventor in a permiable society,
The document summarizes the key points from the paper "The Strength of Weak Ties" by Mark Granovetter. It discusses how weak ties, unlike strong ties, can act as bridges between groups and facilitate the spread of ideas. While strong ties lead to clustered groups, weak ties that bridge different clusters allow new information to diffuse more broadly. The paper provides evidence that weak ties were important in spreading rumors in a workplace and helping people find jobs. It argues that communities need bridges of weak ties between clusters to resist changes, and that meetings can help maintain the weak ties that give a field a "sense of community."
The power of moments - musings by James CracknellJames Cracknell
Musings on Chip and Dan Heaths book The Power of Moments. In the field of human psychology understanding a life of moments, what they mean and how we can use them to make life that little bit more engaging
All things business - how to bootstrap your business by doing the right things that don't cost you heaps of money. Validation that your business is professionally run gets you noticed.
Be aware - I am NOT a qualified solicitor, am not offering legal advice, accountancy advice or health and safety advice - I am only saying that you need to be aware - so ask!
A startup course that I delivered to a group of 18 in Maldon in Essex courtesy of Moat Foundation and Colbea. We were looking at developing the marketing and sales side of their business
My notes and musing around this valuable book on the leadership challenges around scaling an organisation. These are my notes, my comments and insights, but the work is that of Robert I Sutton and Rao Hayagreeva, their case studies, their thinking and sometimes their words.
Notes on reader introducing systems approaches prt 6 cshJames Cracknell
The final part of Notes on Systems Approaches to Managing Change: A Practical Guide. Edited by Martin Reynolds and Sue Holwell. This section cover Critical Systems Heuristics - it is part of OU Module TU811 and is a part of a Master in Systems Thinking
Notes on reader introducing systems approaches prt 5 ssmJames Cracknell
Part 5 - Soft Systems Methodology (SSM). What it is, how we use it and why we need it. The quality of management thinking is generally poor, decisions made on the hoof, under pressure and without thought for real ramifications. SSM is a human centered, action orientated tool that, unlike many pieces of analysis brings with it the essential element of worldviews, bias and a way of seeing the situation.
Notes on reader introducing systems approaches prt 4 sodaJames Cracknell
The document discusses strategic options development and analysis (SODA), a graphical approach to exploring problems, options, and arriving at agreements. SODA uses cognitive mapping to visually represent a problem using the language of those involved. This encourages reflection, learning, and uncovering blockages to change. The mapping has rules like placing the problem central and using arrows to represent objectives and constraints. SODA aims to generate ownership and consensus through participation. Guidelines for effective cognitive mapping include separating ideas, building hierarchies, identifying options and outcomes, and capturing statements in the participants' own language.
This document provides an overview of customer journey mapping, which is the first stage of a four-part design process. It discusses segmenting customers, creating customer personas, mapping the hypothetical and actual customer journeys, identifying gaps between them, and using the insights to improve the customer experience and business model. The goal is to deeply understand customers to maximize revenue by ensuring the business is designed to best solve customer pains. A series of activities are outlined to guide mapping the customer journey, including research techniques, plotting touchpoints, and noticing advocates.
Notes on reader introducing systems approaches prt 3 vsmJames Cracknell
The document discusses the Viable Systems Model (VSM), a conceptual model for analyzing organizational viability and design. It is based on principles of cybernetics and the idea that an organization needs a layered, recursive structure to absorb environmental variety.
The VSM proposes that a viable organization consists of 5 interlinked systems: System 1 performs the primary operations; System 2 coordinates between operations; System 3 manages resource delivery; System 4 manages relationships with the external environment and plans for the future; System 5 ensures balanced relationships between the other systems.
For change efforts to succeed, they must be broken into discrete chunks that can be implemented at different levels and speeds to accommodate the organization's heterogeneous nature across boundaries. Coordination is also
The document summarizes key points from a branding bootcamp including:
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- Brand equity refers to the value generated from customer awareness and trust in a brand. A strong brand can impact business potential.
- The bootcamp will recap learning, examine three brands using the model, and provide takeaways.
- The branding model helps build, manage, and support customer acquisition, retention, and satisfaction.
Reaching the top of the pyramid - Brand Resonance is being the only one. The only pub in the village or the only motorcycle you ever want to own. This explores the four pillars loyalty, attachment, community and engagement in building your marketing model.
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System Thinking - the what, the how and the why it is needed in developing an understanding the complexity that surrounds us. Mental models, the application and means to change the system
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Introduction
Have you ever dreamed of turning your innovative idea into a thriving business? Starting a company involves numerous steps and decisions, but don't worry—we're here to help. Whether you're exploring how to start a startup company or wondering how to start up a small business, this guide will walk you through the process, step by step.
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Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdownjeffkluth1
Introduction
The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
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3. Our Aim
By December 2015 we will have a tool kit that will provide the
basis of a marketing plan – a route map by which you can bring
your product / service directly to market.
Our Goal
For 2016 it is to lower the cost of getting
customers by 50% and
increase the rate of keeping them by 50%
4. Marketing Audit – Complete?
Why you really need to work on it
It’s a helicopter view
A starting point that questions “Are you
being effective?”
If you TRULY know the effect of what you
are doing now, only then can you judge if it
is a success or not
You can do more, less or something different
5. This Months BIG session
Any strategy starts by knowing where we are
now and where we want to be.
The numbers are our measures of the impacts
as we strive to achieve our goals
The aims
• Why this matters
• A case study; focus for this month is - one
way to use financial break-evens in your
marketing strategy
• A form to start to capture relevant data
6.
7. The ‘Why’ in “why this matters”
• Strategy is your route map to the results your
business is aiming for
• Numbers should be used to help the decision
making process
• Price is the KEY number in the marketing mix
• Knowing what the effect of a change in price
has upon your break-even is a vital piece of
information
8.
9. • Price is the most dynamic component of the
marketing mix – responsive and immediate
• Price needs to match organisational objectives
and goals – This could be
Market Share and competition
Operational capacity constraints
Cash-flow and profitability
• Question – Do you know where you price
point is?
Let’s Start to work on just one aspect of
the strategy
PRICE
11. A Case-study
Berkley-Laver Ltd have four different products
that range from the cheapest (Product 1) to the
most expensive (Product 4).Currently the
cheapest is the fastest selling whilst the most
expensive is the slowest to sell.
The business is working at full capacity. They are
looking to invest in leasing new equipment or
changing their mix.
Question: What happens to our break-even if
we shift the marketing effort to modify the mix
of sales.
12. The current position
These are the businesses
current fixed costs
£100,609 of costs
incurred
Fixed Costs
Directors salary £14,125
Subcontractor / staff costs £15,625
Total salary / wages £29,750
Sundry
Premises / council / waste £9,750
Utility bills Inc water £2,985
Business Insurances £1,065
Prperty / Equip maintenace £875
Waste / ruined stock / theft £2,785
Capital items - leasing costs £13,750
Travel / motor expenses £6,250
Total sundry £37,460
Marketing
- Website development / maintenance £4,750
-Social Media Account Mgmt £1,275
-Artwork £875
-Print £675
-Promotional items £1,675
-Events £650
-Advertising - Paper & magazine £975
-Networking £1,404
-PR £900
-Referral Program £650
Total Marketing £13,829
Telephone / broadband £780
Postage / stationery / office bits £216
Loan interest payments £10,956
Professional fees / book keeperAccountant £3,958
Credit card charges / bank charges £2,100
Contingency to cover bad debts £1,560
Total Fixed Costs £100,609
13. The existing sales position
This represents maximum
capacity
Existing sales Product 1 Product 2 Product 3 Product 4
Weighted
Average
Selling price £36.99 £49.99 £64.50 £99.00 £45.46
% of total sales by product 66% 18% 11% 5% 100%
Cost of delivery per item
Production costs - purchase / manufacturing £19.75 £22.95 £26.45 £32.05 £21.68
Packaging £0.80 £0.95 £1.15 £1.95 £0.92
Delivery £4.75 £4.75 £5.10 £6.10 £4.86
Total costs of sales £25.30 £28.65 £32.70 £40.10 £27.46
Contribution £11.69 £21.34 £31.80 £58.90 £18.00
% 32% 43% 49% 59% 40%
Fixed Costs £100,609
Revenues £66,402 £18,110 £11,067 £5,030
Total Units to B/E (Fixed cost / Contribution) 5,590 Units
14. Gradual shift in strategy
New Mix 1 Gradual change Product 1 Product 2 Product 3 Product 4
Weighted
Average
Selling price £36.99 £49.99 £64.50 £99.00 £48.03
% of total sales by product 45% 25% 17% 8% 95%
Original sales pattern 66% 18% 11% 5%
Shift -21% 7% 6% 3%
Cost of delivery per item
Production costs - purchase / manufacturing £19.75 £22.95 £26.45 £32.05 £21.69
Packaging £0.80 £0.95 £1.15 £1.95 £0.95
Delivery £4.75 £4.75 £5.10 £6.10 £4.68
Total costs of sales £25.30 £28.65 £32.70 £40.10 £27.31
Contribution £11.69 £21.34 £31.80 £58.90 £20.71
% 32% 43% 49% 59% 43%
Fixed Costs £100,609
Total Units to B/E (Fixed cost / Contribution) 4,857 Units
A 15% increase in average
contribution leads to a 13%
reduction in activity.
Machines working at 87%
15. Total Re-Brand
New Mix 2 - Major rebranding effort Product 1 Product 2 Product 3 Product 4
Weighted
Average
Selling price £36.99 £49.99 £64.50 £99.00 £76.20
% of total sales by product 11% 15% 25% 49% 100%
Original sales pattern 66% 18% 11% 5%
Shift -55% -3% 14% 44%
Cost of delivery per item
Production costs - purchase / manufacturing £19.75 £22.95 £26.45 £32.05 £27.93
Packaging £0.80 £0.95 £1.15 £1.95 £1.47
Delivery £4.75 £4.75 £5.10 £6.10 £5.50
Total costs of sales £25.30 £28.65 £32.70 £40.10 £34.90
Contribution £11.69 £21.34 £31.80 £58.90 £41.30
% 32% 43% 49% 59% 54%
Fixed Costs £100,609
Total Units to B/E (Fixed cost / Contribution) 2,436 Units
A 129% increase in average
contribution leads to a 56%
reduction in activity.
Machines working at 44%
capacity
16. Assumptions
• Break-even assumes that the primary goal is
to do just that
• Assumes fixed costs are truly unaffected by
change in working activity – this clearly is not
the case
• Assumes that the ability to shift the mix is
painless and seamless – this is where vision
and mission play a crucial part
• This is just a MODEL – one that adds to the
sense making and no more
17. Other performance indicators that we
should be using
• Conversion factors
Telephone calls converted to appointments or sales
Appointments (consultations) leading to sales
• Number of clients who refer
Get some granularity on who these client’s are is important
• Life-time value of your customer
• Costs for each campaign – initial and on-going
• Engagement levels by activity – gaining
consent for newsletter sign-ups etc