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Forensic anthropologists analyze skeletal remains to determine identity and clues about a crime. They examine bones to determine sex, age, stature, and race. Specific bones like the skull, pelvis, humerus and femur indicate sex. Bone growth, teeth, suture lines and bone lengths indicate age and height. Skull characteristics indicate race. Beyond physical features, bones can provide clues to injuries, DNA, and cause of death. Forensic tools like CT scans, X-rays, microscopes and DNA analysis help analyze remains and identify individuals.
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Forensic Anthrpology
What is anthropology, its feilds,Applications of forensic anthropology, and a case study
the materials i provide might be helpful for your research or when.docx
the materials i provide might be helpful for your research or when writting the paper or helps you develope the questions you want to ask.
Anthropology 130 Research Simulation 4 Photos
Instructions
This file contains the photos necessary for Research Simulation 4. You can use this file,
or access the same photos here: https://goo.gl/photos/r1HDetrZt5tdKrz98. I suggest not
printing this file since it will use a lot of ink. Be especially careful with making sure which
species’ bone you are examining based on the label on each one.
The actual assignment instructions are in the other file.
� of �1 7
https://goo.gl/photos/r1HDetrZt5tdKrz98
Pelvis - Anterior (Front) View
� of �2 7
Sacrum - Superior (Top-Down) View
� of �3 7
Femur - Anterior (Front) View
� of �4 7
Scapula - Anterior View
� of �5 7
Manual Proximal Phalanx - Palmar (Palm) View
� of �6 7
Manual Proximal Phalanx - Lateral (Outside) View
� of �7 7
Anthropology 130 Research Simulation 4 PhotosInstructionsPelvis - Anterior (Front) ViewSacrum - Superior (Top-Down) ViewFemur - Anterior (Front) ViewScapula - Anterior ViewManual Proximal Phalanx - Palmar (Palm) ViewManual Proximal Phalanx - Lateral (Outside) View
Anthropology 130 Research Simulation 4
Hominin Skeletal Anatomy
25 points maximum
Instructions
This fifth and last Research Simulation combines what we have learned about humans
and modern primates to view fossil evidence of our species’ ancestors.
Paleoanthropologists have to play detective and piece together what happened over a
geologic time scale with a small amount of fossils and stone tools.
Type your answers into the separate report sheet. Make sure that your name is at the
top of the report sheet as well. When you are done, upload the report sheet to Canvas
or turn it in on paper in class on the due date.
Assignment Start
Your reputation for solid work in the Philippine tarsier research team and other projects
has traveled across social media to reach the ears of other physical anthropologists! A
few email exchanges with paleoanthropologists later, you find yourself on a plane to
Ethiopia to join a team that is studying Australopithecines. Your role in this research
project is to examine the skeleton of Lucy, an Australopithecus afarensis, with a fresh
pair of eyes. In particular, you will be comparing Lucy’s skeleton with that of a
chimpanzee and a modern human.
Download and open the report sheet to record your answers.
� of �1 13
Part One - Moonlit Wings
The airport is just as busy as last time, which seems like ages ago. You look around for
any unattended children and see none. Despite yourself, you doze off waiting for your
flight to the whispered conversations around you.
“BZZ RFH BRDDN AMN. Thank you.”
The unintelligible words weave among the background noise that lulled you to sleep.
The telltale chime of the public service announcement has you worried. You check the
time and sit up.
Recommended
Forensic Anthrpology
What is anthropology, its feilds,Applications of forensic anthropology, and a case study
the materials i provide might be helpful for your research or when.docx
the materials i provide might be helpful for your research or when writting the paper or helps you develope the questions you want to ask.
Anthropology 130 Research Simulation 4 Photos
Instructions
This file contains the photos necessary for Research Simulation 4. You can use this file,
or access the same photos here: https://goo.gl/photos/r1HDetrZt5tdKrz98. I suggest not
printing this file since it will use a lot of ink. Be especially careful with making sure which
species’ bone you are examining based on the label on each one.
The actual assignment instructions are in the other file.
� of �1 7
https://goo.gl/photos/r1HDetrZt5tdKrz98
Pelvis - Anterior (Front) View
� of �2 7
Sacrum - Superior (Top-Down) View
� of �3 7
Femur - Anterior (Front) View
� of �4 7
Scapula - Anterior View
� of �5 7
Manual Proximal Phalanx - Palmar (Palm) View
� of �6 7
Manual Proximal Phalanx - Lateral (Outside) View
� of �7 7
Anthropology 130 Research Simulation 4 PhotosInstructionsPelvis - Anterior (Front) ViewSacrum - Superior (Top-Down) ViewFemur - Anterior (Front) ViewScapula - Anterior ViewManual Proximal Phalanx - Palmar (Palm) ViewManual Proximal Phalanx - Lateral (Outside) View
Anthropology 130 Research Simulation 4
Hominin Skeletal Anatomy
25 points maximum
Instructions
This fifth and last Research Simulation combines what we have learned about humans
and modern primates to view fossil evidence of our species’ ancestors.
Paleoanthropologists have to play detective and piece together what happened over a
geologic time scale with a small amount of fossils and stone tools.
Type your answers into the separate report sheet. Make sure that your name is at the
top of the report sheet as well. When you are done, upload the report sheet to Canvas
or turn it in on paper in class on the due date.
Assignment Start
Your reputation for solid work in the Philippine tarsier research team and other projects
has traveled across social media to reach the ears of other physical anthropologists! A
few email exchanges with paleoanthropologists later, you find yourself on a plane to
Ethiopia to join a team that is studying Australopithecines. Your role in this research
project is to examine the skeleton of Lucy, an Australopithecus afarensis, with a fresh
pair of eyes. In particular, you will be comparing Lucy’s skeleton with that of a
chimpanzee and a modern human.
Download and open the report sheet to record your answers.
� of �1 13
Part One - Moonlit Wings
The airport is just as busy as last time, which seems like ages ago. You look around for
any unattended children and see none. Despite yourself, you doze off waiting for your
flight to the whispered conversations around you.
“BZZ RFH BRDDN AMN. Thank you.”
The unintelligible words weave among the background noise that lulled you to sleep.
The telltale chime of the public service announcement has you worried. You check the
time and sit up.
Please answer the question in the following discussion. this is an a.docx
Please answer the question in the following discussion. this is an anthropology discussion which talks about fossils.
Questions:
Please address both parts of the prompt in your response.
1) Select a fossil related to human evolution and discuss what types of information scientists can learn from this particular fossil. Feel free to use the textbook, websites listed under 'more resources' in Unit 8, or something that you find elsewhere online.
2) As remains become fossilized, what factors influence our knowledge of the fossil record?
After writing your response for both of the questions please respond to the following responses:
Fossils can teach us so much about the past. Firstly, the book states, "Fossils provide an essential historical record for documenting and understanding the biological evolution of surviving and nonsurviving lineages." Next, fossils provide us with information on both geologic and chronological time. Finally, fossils in different geological settings can shed light on past environments and diets. This reveals important
contexts for understanding how past organisms evolved. All these things can be learned from human skeletons from the past, giving us a better understanding of how we came to be as we are today.
Another cool thing that can be done with human fossils is reconstruction through art and science. The books uses a Dimanisi boy to show this process on page 227. It may take up to four months but, through reconstruction we can learn what humans of the past looked like. Strips of clay are used to imitate muscles, more clay is applied like tissue and the exterior surface is molded, and details are made to make the hominid look real.
I chose to look at the Homo naledi fossils. This species shares the modern human genus Homo. I found this particular species and fossil set interesting because it gives us a more detailed window into the evolutionary process linking quadrupeds and bipeds. The Homo naledi has a very human like foot. In fact, the feet are the most human-like part of their skeleton. Scientists believe that the naledi was bipedal but that they also were arboreal. The other thing about the naledi that I found interesting is that it appears that they honored their dead. They hid the bodies of those who died. Perhaps to keep them from being eaten by scavengers? The idea of emotions is what creates empathy for other species, in my opinion and observation. Those species that we can see emotions, get more of our empathy than those who cannot show emotion in a way that we can readily observe. Thinking about the naledi working to preserve or protect the bodies of their loved ones is really eye opening. This is merely a hypothesis at this point though. I wonder if it is possible that they were just trying to easily distance themselves from the dead because the bodies may have made the living a target for predators. It will be interesting to see how the research plays out and what information they can glean fr.
a diagram of the human skeleton. For this portion of the assignmen.docx
a diagram of the human skeleton. For this portion of the assignment, you must fill in the correct anatomical names for each of the major bones in the body. On a document of 1–2 pages, provide brief descriptions of each of the identified bones.
Part II
A forensic laboratory is responsible for examining any unidentified skeletal remains provided from a crime scene and trying to recreate the identity of a person by using those skeletal remains. One of the major structures used to identify victims from a crime that have left them unable to be recognized or unidentifiable is the skull. It is important to know that teeth are embedded in the skull and that muscles are attached to the skull.
A forensic team was sent to a fire that occurred in a warehouse. Initially, the firemen said that the building was empty, but on the final walk-through of the building, they discovered what appeared to be burned human remains. The forensic team gathered all of the burned victim’s bones, tissue, and other pieces of clothing and took them to the laboratory for investigation.
Assignment Guidelines
Complete Part I of the assignment.
Address Part II in 3–4 pages:
Explain in detail how the following will be used in facial reconstruction:
Odontology
What is odontology?
How is this process used in facial reconstruction?
Bone formation
What are the 3 primary cells that make up bone, and what is their function?
What information can be obtained from the skeleton with regard to growth?
How many bones are in the skull (face/head), and how are they important?
Muscles
What are the major muscles in the face, and what do they control?
What can be learned about the identification of the person based on the muscles?
Be sure to reference all sources using APA style.
.
Part IClick here for a diagram of the human skeleton. For .docx
Part I
Click here
for a diagram of the human skeleton. For this portion of the assignment, you must fill in the correct anatomical names for each of the major bones in the body. On a document of 1–2 pages, provide brief descriptions of each of the identified bones.
Part II
A forensic laboratory is responsible for examining any unidentified skeletal remains provided from a crime scene and trying to recreate the identity of a person by using those skeletal remains. One of the major structures used to identify victims from a crime that have left them unable to be recognized or unidentifiable is the skull. It is important to know that teeth are embedded in the skull and that muscles are attached to the skull.
A forensic team was sent to a fire that occurred in a warehouse. Initially, the firemen said that the building was empty, but on the final walk-through of the building, they discovered what appeared to be burned human remains. The forensic team gathered all of the burned victim’s bones, tissue, and other pieces of clothing and took them to the laboratory for investigation.
Assignment Guidelines
Complete Part I of the assignment.
Address Part II in 3–4 pages:
Explain in detail how the following will be used in facial reconstruction:
Odontology
What is odontology?
How is this process used in facial reconstruction?
Bone formation
What are the 3 primary cells that make up bone, and what is their function?
What information can be obtained from the skeleton with regard to growth?
How many bones are in the skull (face/head), and how are they important?
Muscles
What are the major muscles in the face, and what do they control?
What can be learned about the identification of the person based on the muscles?
Be sure to reference all sources using APA style.
.
15. Bioarchaeology and Forensic AnthropologyAshley Kendell,
15. Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology
Ashley Kendell, Ph.D., D-ABMDI, California State University, Chico
Alex Perrone, M.A., California State University, Chico
Colleen Milligan, Ph.D., California State University, Chico
Learning Objectives
• Define and differentiate bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology as subfields of biological
anthropology
• Describe the six steps carried out during skeletal analysis
• Outline the four major components of the biological profile
• Contrast the four categories of trauma
• Explain how to identify the different taphonomic agents that alter bone
• Discuss ethical considerations for both bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology
Bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology are both subfields of biological anthropology. While the goals of each subfield
are different, each relies on skeletal analysis to gain information about humans, both past and present. This chapter will
provide a general overview of the analysis of human skeletal remains, as it applies to both bioarchaeology and forensic
anthropology.
BIOARCHAEOLOGY
In 2010 Hurricane Earl reached the Caribbean Island of Antigua. The storm brought strong winds and heavy rainfall to
the island. After the storm calmed, accumulated water drained back out to the ocean, carving a channel through one
of the beaches at English Harbor as it went. Out of the newly created channel, human bones were exposed. Although
they had been buried for many years, the remains belonged to 18th–century British sailors who had died from Yellow
Fever while stationed in the Caribbean. While no headstones were present to divulge information about each person
buried on the beach, a large amount of evidence was still accessible through the analysis of each skeleton as well as the
information garnered from the burial context. To gather more information about each of the individuals buried on the
beach, the bones were examined, and a detailed analysis was carried out of the positions of the skeletons, the burial
depth, whether clothing material such as buttons were found with each set of remains, and whether it appeared that the
sailors were buried in coffins. In addition, the sex, age, and other individualizing characteristics were estimated through
careful analysis of the bones themselves.
The remains uncovered by Hurricane Earl in Antigua became part of a bioarchaeological study. Bioarchaeology is the
study of human remains excavated from archaeological sites. Bioarchaeologists glean information about each set of
human remains by examining the skeleton and by considering the archaeological context in which the skeleton was
1 | Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology
recovered. Through this type of detailed skeletal analysis, bioarchaeologists obtain information about each individual
skeleton, which can include age, sex, height, ancestry, disease, diet, and behavior. For a broader understanding of past
peoples, bioarchaeologi ...
15. Bioarchaeology and Forensic AnthropologyAshley Kendell,
15. Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology
Ashley Kendell, Ph.D., D-ABMDI, California State University, Chico
Alex Perrone, M.A., California State University, Chico
Colleen Milligan, Ph.D., California State University, Chico
Learning Objectives
• Define and differentiate bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology as subfields of biological
anthropology
• Describe the six steps carried out during skeletal analysis
• Outline the four major components of the biological profile
• Contrast the four categories of trauma
• Explain how to identify the different taphonomic agents that alter bone
• Discuss ethical considerations for both bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology
Bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology are both subfields of biological anthropology. While the goals of each subfield
are different, each relies on skeletal analysis to gain information about humans, both past and present. This chapter will
provide a general overview of the analysis of human skeletal remains, as it applies to both bioarchaeology and forensic
anthropology.
BIOARCHAEOLOGY
In 2010 Hurricane Earl reached the Caribbean Island of Antigua. The storm brought strong winds and heavy rainfall to
the island. After the storm calmed, accumulated water drained back out to the ocean, carving a channel through one
of the beaches at English Harbor as it went. Out of the newly created channel, human bones were exposed. Although
they had been buried for many years, the remains belonged to 18th–century British sailors who had died from Yellow
Fever while stationed in the Caribbean. While no headstones were present to divulge information about each person
buried on the beach, a large amount of evidence was still accessible through the analysis of each skeleton as well as the
information garnered from the burial context. To gather more information about each of the individuals buried on the
beach, the bones were examined, and a detailed analysis was carried out of the positions of the skeletons, the burial
depth, whether clothing material such as buttons were found with each set of remains, and whether it appeared that the
sailors were buried in coffins. In addition, the sex, age, and other individualizing characteristics were estimated through
careful analysis of the bones themselves.
The remains uncovered by Hurricane Earl in Antigua became part of a bioarchaeological study. Bioarchaeology is the
study of human remains excavated from archaeological sites. Bioarchaeologists glean information about each set of
human remains by examining the skeleton and by considering the archaeological context in which the skeleton was
1 | Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology
recovered. Through this type of detailed skeletal analysis, bioarchaeologists obtain information about each individual
skeleton, which can include age, sex, height, ancestry, disease, diet, and behavior. For a broader understanding of past
peoples, bioarchaeologi ...
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Anthropology 130 Research Simulation 3
Forensic Anthropology Investigation
50 points total
Instructions
This assignment will simulate a forensic anthropology investigation: applying knowledge
of human bioculture and osteology to help law enforcement.
Type your answers into the separate answer sheet, which is just a list of numbers.
Answers can be incomplete sentences unless otherwise stated in the question.
Assignment Start
Your hand still tingles from the work you did to get ready to study human adaptation in
Tibet. Sometimes, it takes years for funding to be granted and even more time for
research papers to go through review and get published. Rather than sit idly by waiting
for the result, you search for other projects to do in biological anthropology over the
summer. A posting on social media got your interest: an internship at a forensic
anthropology laboratory in the city. You recall that you learned the principles of human
osteology and forensic anthropology in your class. You send an email to the laboratory
with no real expectation of getting involved. At least you put yourself out there to see
what would happen.
A week later, you had forgotten about that email when you get a reply! A short phone
interview later, you are on your way to the forensic anthropology laboratory. You tour
the facilities, seeing the models they use to make various estimations of skeletal traits.
� of �1 11
Just as the laboratory manager apologizes that there is no current active case, the door
opens and you are greeted by police officers bearing a cardboard box.
“Looks like we have important work to do.”
Part One - The Steps of an Investigation
The sleeves of your lab coat briefly defy you as you and the lab manager walk up to
accept the box and bring it to one of the long examination tables. One of the police
officers give you some details:
“A hiker on a nearby trail had gone off the beaten path and found these bones out near
a stream. The bones were in danger of washing away so we quickly photographed the
area and removed the bones to bring here. We’re hoping that you can determine
whether these bones are related to any missing persons cases. So, you start by telling
us whether the bones are male or female, right?”
� of �2 11
{ Caption: Your new (unpaid) workplace (not really). }
Your new boss gives you a subtle look meaning that the officer was mistaken. You
speak up with information on the right order of investigation.
1. What is the first step of a forensic anthropology investigation? (2 points)
2. What are some objects that can fail the first step of the investigation? (2 points)
Putting on gloves and picking up each object from the box, you determine that a
forensic anthropology investigation should continue with the second step. You examine
each bone to see if they are human or if they belong to a common animal such as a dog
or deer. We’ll go with dogs for simplicity.
3. What .
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How to identify bones and how to differentiate between animal and human bone with skeletal remains
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Please answer the question in the following discussion. this is an a.docx
Please answer the question in the following discussion. this is an anthropology discussion which talks about fossils.
Questions:
Please address both parts of the prompt in your response.
1) Select a fossil related to human evolution and discuss what types of information scientists can learn from this particular fossil. Feel free to use the textbook, websites listed under 'more resources' in Unit 8, or something that you find elsewhere online.
2) As remains become fossilized, what factors influence our knowledge of the fossil record?
After writing your response for both of the questions please respond to the following responses:
Fossils can teach us so much about the past. Firstly, the book states, "Fossils provide an essential historical record for documenting and understanding the biological evolution of surviving and nonsurviving lineages." Next, fossils provide us with information on both geologic and chronological time. Finally, fossils in different geological settings can shed light on past environments and diets. This reveals important
contexts for understanding how past organisms evolved. All these things can be learned from human skeletons from the past, giving us a better understanding of how we came to be as we are today.
Another cool thing that can be done with human fossils is reconstruction through art and science. The books uses a Dimanisi boy to show this process on page 227. It may take up to four months but, through reconstruction we can learn what humans of the past looked like. Strips of clay are used to imitate muscles, more clay is applied like tissue and the exterior surface is molded, and details are made to make the hominid look real.
I chose to look at the Homo naledi fossils. This species shares the modern human genus Homo. I found this particular species and fossil set interesting because it gives us a more detailed window into the evolutionary process linking quadrupeds and bipeds. The Homo naledi has a very human like foot. In fact, the feet are the most human-like part of their skeleton. Scientists believe that the naledi was bipedal but that they also were arboreal. The other thing about the naledi that I found interesting is that it appears that they honored their dead. They hid the bodies of those who died. Perhaps to keep them from being eaten by scavengers? The idea of emotions is what creates empathy for other species, in my opinion and observation. Those species that we can see emotions, get more of our empathy than those who cannot show emotion in a way that we can readily observe. Thinking about the naledi working to preserve or protect the bodies of their loved ones is really eye opening. This is merely a hypothesis at this point though. I wonder if it is possible that they were just trying to easily distance themselves from the dead because the bodies may have made the living a target for predators. It will be interesting to see how the research plays out and what information they can glean fr.
a diagram of the human skeleton. For this portion of the assignmen.docx
a diagram of the human skeleton. For this portion of the assignment, you must fill in the correct anatomical names for each of the major bones in the body. On a document of 1–2 pages, provide brief descriptions of each of the identified bones.
Part II
A forensic laboratory is responsible for examining any unidentified skeletal remains provided from a crime scene and trying to recreate the identity of a person by using those skeletal remains. One of the major structures used to identify victims from a crime that have left them unable to be recognized or unidentifiable is the skull. It is important to know that teeth are embedded in the skull and that muscles are attached to the skull.
A forensic team was sent to a fire that occurred in a warehouse. Initially, the firemen said that the building was empty, but on the final walk-through of the building, they discovered what appeared to be burned human remains. The forensic team gathered all of the burned victim’s bones, tissue, and other pieces of clothing and took them to the laboratory for investigation.
Assignment Guidelines
Complete Part I of the assignment.
Address Part II in 3–4 pages:
Explain in detail how the following will be used in facial reconstruction:
Odontology
What is odontology?
How is this process used in facial reconstruction?
Bone formation
What are the 3 primary cells that make up bone, and what is their function?
What information can be obtained from the skeleton with regard to growth?
How many bones are in the skull (face/head), and how are they important?
Muscles
What are the major muscles in the face, and what do they control?
What can be learned about the identification of the person based on the muscles?
Be sure to reference all sources using APA style.
.
Part IClick here for a diagram of the human skeleton. For .docx
Part I
Click here
for a diagram of the human skeleton. For this portion of the assignment, you must fill in the correct anatomical names for each of the major bones in the body. On a document of 1–2 pages, provide brief descriptions of each of the identified bones.
Part II
A forensic laboratory is responsible for examining any unidentified skeletal remains provided from a crime scene and trying to recreate the identity of a person by using those skeletal remains. One of the major structures used to identify victims from a crime that have left them unable to be recognized or unidentifiable is the skull. It is important to know that teeth are embedded in the skull and that muscles are attached to the skull.
A forensic team was sent to a fire that occurred in a warehouse. Initially, the firemen said that the building was empty, but on the final walk-through of the building, they discovered what appeared to be burned human remains. The forensic team gathered all of the burned victim’s bones, tissue, and other pieces of clothing and took them to the laboratory for investigation.
Assignment Guidelines
Complete Part I of the assignment.
Address Part II in 3–4 pages:
Explain in detail how the following will be used in facial reconstruction:
Odontology
What is odontology?
How is this process used in facial reconstruction?
Bone formation
What are the 3 primary cells that make up bone, and what is their function?
What information can be obtained from the skeleton with regard to growth?
How many bones are in the skull (face/head), and how are they important?
Muscles
What are the major muscles in the face, and what do they control?
What can be learned about the identification of the person based on the muscles?
Be sure to reference all sources using APA style.
.
15. Bioarchaeology and Forensic AnthropologyAshley Kendell,
15. Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology
Ashley Kendell, Ph.D., D-ABMDI, California State University, Chico
Alex Perrone, M.A., California State University, Chico
Colleen Milligan, Ph.D., California State University, Chico
Learning Objectives
• Define and differentiate bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology as subfields of biological
anthropology
• Describe the six steps carried out during skeletal analysis
• Outline the four major components of the biological profile
• Contrast the four categories of trauma
• Explain how to identify the different taphonomic agents that alter bone
• Discuss ethical considerations for both bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology
Bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology are both subfields of biological anthropology. While the goals of each subfield
are different, each relies on skeletal analysis to gain information about humans, both past and present. This chapter will
provide a general overview of the analysis of human skeletal remains, as it applies to both bioarchaeology and forensic
anthropology.
BIOARCHAEOLOGY
In 2010 Hurricane Earl reached the Caribbean Island of Antigua. The storm brought strong winds and heavy rainfall to
the island. After the storm calmed, accumulated water drained back out to the ocean, carving a channel through one
of the beaches at English Harbor as it went. Out of the newly created channel, human bones were exposed. Although
they had been buried for many years, the remains belonged to 18th–century British sailors who had died from Yellow
Fever while stationed in the Caribbean. While no headstones were present to divulge information about each person
buried on the beach, a large amount of evidence was still accessible through the analysis of each skeleton as well as the
information garnered from the burial context. To gather more information about each of the individuals buried on the
beach, the bones were examined, and a detailed analysis was carried out of the positions of the skeletons, the burial
depth, whether clothing material such as buttons were found with each set of remains, and whether it appeared that the
sailors were buried in coffins. In addition, the sex, age, and other individualizing characteristics were estimated through
careful analysis of the bones themselves.
The remains uncovered by Hurricane Earl in Antigua became part of a bioarchaeological study. Bioarchaeology is the
study of human remains excavated from archaeological sites. Bioarchaeologists glean information about each set of
human remains by examining the skeleton and by considering the archaeological context in which the skeleton was
1 | Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology
recovered. Through this type of detailed skeletal analysis, bioarchaeologists obtain information about each individual
skeleton, which can include age, sex, height, ancestry, disease, diet, and behavior. For a broader understanding of past
peoples, bioarchaeologi ...
15. Bioarchaeology and Forensic AnthropologyAshley Kendell,
15. Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology
Ashley Kendell, Ph.D., D-ABMDI, California State University, Chico
Alex Perrone, M.A., California State University, Chico
Colleen Milligan, Ph.D., California State University, Chico
Learning Objectives
• Define and differentiate bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology as subfields of biological
anthropology
• Describe the six steps carried out during skeletal analysis
• Outline the four major components of the biological profile
• Contrast the four categories of trauma
• Explain how to identify the different taphonomic agents that alter bone
• Discuss ethical considerations for both bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology
Bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology are both subfields of biological anthropology. While the goals of each subfield
are different, each relies on skeletal analysis to gain information about humans, both past and present. This chapter will
provide a general overview of the analysis of human skeletal remains, as it applies to both bioarchaeology and forensic
anthropology.
BIOARCHAEOLOGY
In 2010 Hurricane Earl reached the Caribbean Island of Antigua. The storm brought strong winds and heavy rainfall to
the island. After the storm calmed, accumulated water drained back out to the ocean, carving a channel through one
of the beaches at English Harbor as it went. Out of the newly created channel, human bones were exposed. Although
they had been buried for many years, the remains belonged to 18th–century British sailors who had died from Yellow
Fever while stationed in the Caribbean. While no headstones were present to divulge information about each person
buried on the beach, a large amount of evidence was still accessible through the analysis of each skeleton as well as the
information garnered from the burial context. To gather more information about each of the individuals buried on the
beach, the bones were examined, and a detailed analysis was carried out of the positions of the skeletons, the burial
depth, whether clothing material such as buttons were found with each set of remains, and whether it appeared that the
sailors were buried in coffins. In addition, the sex, age, and other individualizing characteristics were estimated through
careful analysis of the bones themselves.
The remains uncovered by Hurricane Earl in Antigua became part of a bioarchaeological study. Bioarchaeology is the
study of human remains excavated from archaeological sites. Bioarchaeologists glean information about each set of
human remains by examining the skeleton and by considering the archaeological context in which the skeleton was
1 | Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology
recovered. Through this type of detailed skeletal analysis, bioarchaeologists obtain information about each individual
skeleton, which can include age, sex, height, ancestry, disease, diet, and behavior. For a broader understanding of past
peoples, bioarchaeologi ...
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Anthropology 130 Research Simulation 3Forensic Anthropolog.docx
Anthropology 130 Research Simulation 3
Forensic Anthropology Investigation
50 points total
Instructions
This assignment will simulate a forensic anthropology investigation: applying knowledge
of human bioculture and osteology to help law enforcement.
Type your answers into the separate answer sheet, which is just a list of numbers.
Answers can be incomplete sentences unless otherwise stated in the question.
Assignment Start
Your hand still tingles from the work you did to get ready to study human adaptation in
Tibet. Sometimes, it takes years for funding to be granted and even more time for
research papers to go through review and get published. Rather than sit idly by waiting
for the result, you search for other projects to do in biological anthropology over the
summer. A posting on social media got your interest: an internship at a forensic
anthropology laboratory in the city. You recall that you learned the principles of human
osteology and forensic anthropology in your class. You send an email to the laboratory
with no real expectation of getting involved. At least you put yourself out there to see
what would happen.
A week later, you had forgotten about that email when you get a reply! A short phone
interview later, you are on your way to the forensic anthropology laboratory. You tour
the facilities, seeing the models they use to make various estimations of skeletal traits.
� of �1 11
Just as the laboratory manager apologizes that there is no current active case, the door
opens and you are greeted by police officers bearing a cardboard box.
“Looks like we have important work to do.”
Part One - The Steps of an Investigation
The sleeves of your lab coat briefly defy you as you and the lab manager walk up to
accept the box and bring it to one of the long examination tables. One of the police
officers give you some details:
“A hiker on a nearby trail had gone off the beaten path and found these bones out near
a stream. The bones were in danger of washing away so we quickly photographed the
area and removed the bones to bring here. We’re hoping that you can determine
whether these bones are related to any missing persons cases. So, you start by telling
us whether the bones are male or female, right?”
� of �2 11
{ Caption: Your new (unpaid) workplace (not really). }
Your new boss gives you a subtle look meaning that the officer was mistaken. You
speak up with information on the right order of investigation.
1. What is the first step of a forensic anthropology investigation? (2 points)
2. What are some objects that can fail the first step of the investigation? (2 points)
Putting on gloves and picking up each object from the box, you determine that a
forensic anthropology investigation should continue with the second step. You examine
each bone to see if they are human or if they belong to a common animal such as a dog
or deer. We’ll go with dogs for simplicity.
3. What .
Bones or not ?
How to identify bones and how to differentiate between animal and human bone with skeletal remains
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15. Bioarchaeology and Forensic AnthropologyAshley Kendell,
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Bonebasicsweb
- 1. Let the bones tell the story! Image: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Punuk.Alaska.skulls.jpg Presentation developed by T. Trimpe 2010 http://sciencespot.net
- 2. What role do anthropologists play in solving crimes? Watch the video and then answer the questions. 1. What does a physical anthropologist investigate? 2. What four things do we want to know about a skeleton? 3. What bones are most useful for developing a profile of a person? Explain how they are used.
- 3. Source: http://www.crime-scene-investigator.net/excavation.html Images: http://www.wadsworth.com/anthropology_d/special_features/forensics/forensics_index/index.html FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGISTS analyze skeletal remains to determine the identity of a victim as well as his/her life history, cause of death, or other clues about a crime. Main Characteristics: Sex - Determined by examining the skull, pelvis, humerus, and femur Age and stature (height/build) – Determined by analyzing the development of the teeth, bone growth, cranial suture lines, and the length of specific bones, such as the femur. Race – Determined by analyzing the skull for characteristics that are common among people of different races. Career Connection What does a forensic anthropologist do? Which skull would belong to a female? Which pelvis would belong to a female?
- 4. Images: http://www.legacyhealth.org/images/Housecalls/claviclefx.jpg, http://www.sciencephoto.com/images/download_lo_res.html?id=773301768, http://anthropology.si.edu/writteninbone/calvert_femur.html, http://anthropology.si.edu/writteninbone/trauma.html What else can we learn from bones? DNA samples can be collected from bone, teeth, and hair to provide clues to a person’s identity. Scientists may also be able to gain clues as to a person’s past, recent injuries, or the cause of death based on bone fractures and other signs of trauma. Damage from a hammer Gunshot Wounds Healed Fractures
- 5. Forensic Tools & Techniques Watch the video and then answer the questions. 1. What techniques or tools did the scientists use to find the body? 2. What is “disturbed soil”? What might it indicate? 3. How did they narrow down the areas to investigate? 4. Did they find a body?
- 6. Reading the Remains Watch the video and then answer the questions. 1. What information do they provide for law enforcement agencies? 2. How many skeletons do they have in their collection? 3. What do they learn about a skeleton from each tool? CT Scan – X- ray – Mass spectrometer – Scanning electron microscope – DNA Analysis –
- 7. Cranium Cervical Vertebrae Sternum Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Sacrum Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Clavicle Scapula Ribs Lumbar Vertebrae Ilium Ishium Femur Patella Directions: Identify the bones in the skeleton. One label will be used twice! The Bone Dance
- 8. I should have known it was going to be one of those days, when I had stepped out of bed and stubbed my (1) PHLANGE on the night stand. While hopping up and down on one (2) METATARSAL and grasping the other, I slipped and fell onto my right shoulder breaking my (3) CLAVICLE. As I crawled on my (4) METACARPALS and (5) PATELLAS to my bed, I felt my (6) CRANIUM begin to ache. I found my phone and let my (7) PHLANGES do the walking as I called my friend to come help me out. My friend answered the phone with a loud scream; my (8) MANDIBLE dropped, I asked what had happened, and he replied that he had been startled by the ringing phone, fell out of bed landed on his (9) COCCYX. Following that while racing to the phone he hit his (10) TIBIA on a stool. I should have known it was going to be one of those days. Quick Quiz – Give the common name for each bone. 1. TOES 2. FOOT 3. COLLAR BONE 4. HANDS 5. KNEES 6. SKULL or HEAD 7. FINGERS 8. LOWER JAW 9. TAIL BONE 10. SHIN Source: http://www.homepage.montana.edu/~mtpbs/Education/NTTILessonPlans2/LegBoneConnectedToThe/NTTILegBoneConnectedToThe.pdf
- 9. Bag O’ Bones Activity Get Ready … Get a long piece of butcher paper from your teacher. Place it on the floor and have one of your classmates lay on it (back on the floor). Use a marker to make an outline of your classmate’s body. Make a Skeleton … Take the bones out of the bag and place them on the body outline in the approximate location where they would be found. You may refer to the skeleton model if you need help identifying a bone or its location. Are you ready for a challenge?
- 10. Bone Challenge The Challenge … How fast can you put together a skeleton? Directions: 1 - Find a partner and get a set of bones, blindfold, and timer from your teacher. 2 – Put on a blindfold and then have your partner spread out the “bones” on the table in front of you. 3 – When your partner starts the timer and says “go”, follow his/her directions to put the skeleton back together. 4 – Record your time on your worksheet. Who had the best time? _____________________