Blockchain technology has the potential to improve supply chain processes by providing trust, immutability and transparency of data. Several companies have piloted blockchain applications for tracing products through supply chains, including Walmart tracking pork and produce, and Maersk and IBM improving cross-border transactions. However, most supply chains already have good data transfer capabilities, and blockchain pilots to date have not proven it adds unique value compared to existing systems. It remains unclear if and how blockchain can significantly improve supply chain management at scale.

1. Blockchain: The new bump in
technology
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3. • To deliver the greatest impacts —creating new business models, markets and value propositions —
IoT must be combined with other emerging technologies including artificial intelligence (AI),
machine learning, fog computing and, of course, blockchain.
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• Though cryptocurrencies and blockchain-based technologies are heralded as the framework to
build a more financially inclusive society, this goal has not been realized to date. It can actually be
argued that blockchain technology is a tool for those who are economically privileged, in part due to
the technical understanding most blockchain-based technology currently requires.
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• The integrity of the data is paramount and innovative tagging methodologies are required. Any
technology solutions we use also have to be able to work in remote environments and be feasible
for all kinds of mining operations, particularly artisanal and small-scale mines. Using blockchain
won’t solve every issue, but it can be a powerful tool to overcome many minerals supply chain
challenges because it provides trust, immutability, and transparency.
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4. • First, solve the problem. Then write the code.
• In most cases, today’s supply chains operate at-scale without blockchain technology. Even so, the
technology has excited the IT and supply-chain worlds. It has also inspired many articles and
prompted established IT players and start-ups to initiate promising pilot projects, including
 Walmart tested an application that traces pork in China and produce in the US, to
authenticate transactions and the accuracy and efficiency of record keeping.
 Maersk and IBM are working on cross-border, cross-party transactions that use blockchain
technology to help improve process efficiency.
 BHP is introducing a blockchain solution that replaces spreadsheets for tracking samples
internally and externally from a range of providers.
 Provenance, a UK start-up, just raised $800,000 to adapt blockchain technology to trace
food. It previously piloted tracing tuna in the Southeast Asian supply chain.
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5. • Yet to date, the authors are not aware of any at-scale applications to the supply chain, raising an
essential question: Can blockchain technology add value to supply chains?
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• Let’s start with a reality check: As most practitioners know, many of today’s supply chains have
good data, which they are able to transfer across supply chain tiers at close to real time speed. To
assess blockchain technology’s value at stake for the supply chain world, we looked at three areas
where it could add value:
 Replacing slow, manual processes. Although supply chains can currently handle large,
complex data sets, many of their processes, especially those in the lower supply tiers, are
slow and rely entirely on paper—such as is still common in the shipping industry.
 Blockchain pilots run to date have not proven the technology’s unique value to the supply-
chain sector.
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