This document outlines the Black-marketing and Some Other Social Offenses and Punishment Act of 2032 (1975) in Nepal. The key points are:
1. The act aims to control black-marketing, profiteering, adulteration and other social offenses to protect public health, convenience and economics.
2. It defines various offenses like black-marketing, profiteering, deflection of goods, hoarding, artificial shortage, misrepresentation and adulteration of medicines.
3. Punishments for offenses include fines, imprisonment up to 10 years, or life imprisonment in some cases of medicine adulteration. The act also describes procedures for filing cases and adjudicating authorities.
Manufacture of drugs (other than homeopathy)Robin Gulati
This document outlines the requirements and conditions for obtaining different types of licenses to manufacture, repack, or loan drugs in India. The key types of licenses covered are:
1. Manufacturing license - Issued to those who can independently manufacture and test drugs. Separate licenses are needed for different drug classes.
2. Loan license - Issued to those who want to use another licensed manufacturer's facilities. They must demonstrate adequate testing capabilities.
3. Repacking license - Allows breaking bulk drugs into smaller packages and relabeling for sale. Testing of materials and products is required.
Stringent good manufacturing practices, record keeping, and testing standards apply to all license types to ensure drug quality and safety
The document provides an overview of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 in India. Some key points:
1) The Act was established to regulate the manufacture, sale, and import of drugs and cosmetics in order to ensure quality and safety. It covers definitions, licensing, inspections, and penalties for violations.
2) Administration involves advisory boards, analytical testing labs, and licensing authorities at central and state levels. The Drugs Technical Advisory Board advises the government on technical issues.
3) Manufacturing, sale, and import of drugs require licenses that mandate compliance with good practices, record keeping, and product standards. Violations can result in imprisonment and fines.
The Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954 prohibits false or misleading advertisements related to drugs or magic remedies. It defines terms like "drug" and "advertisement" and sets rules around advertising drugs for conditions like miscarriage or sexual pleasure. The Act establishes penalties for violations and gives powers to authorize officers to inspect and seize non-compliant advertisements. It aims to protect consumers from objectionable or misleading claims in drug advertising.
Good regulatory practice are internationally recognized process, system, tools and method for improving the quality of regulation.
It includes
1)COMMUNITY PHARMACY RETAIL AND WHOLESALE PHARMACY
-Dacumentation
-Licenses
-Renewal
-E-governance
2) HOSPITAL PHARMACY
-Dacumentation
-Licenses
-Renewal
-E-governance
3) PHARMA MANIFACTURING
-Dacumentation
-Licenses
-Renewal
-E-governance
4) IMPORT OF DRUG AND MEDICAL DEVICE
-Dacumentation
-Licenses
-Renewal
-E-governance
5) EXPORT OF DRUG AND MEDICAL DEVICE
-Dacumentation
-Licenses
-Renewal
-E-governance
NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES ACT 1985 AND.pptxGayatriBahatkar1
Objectives,
Definitions, Authorities and Officers, Constitution and Functions of narcotic &
Psychotropic Consultative Committee, National Fund for Controlling the Drug
Abuse, Prohibition, Control and Regulation, opium poppy cultivation and production
of poppy straw, manufacture, sale and export of opium, Offences and Penalties
The Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act is an Act No. 21 of 1954, which came in force on 1st of April 1955.
AIM: To control the Ad. Of drugs in certain cases, to prohibit the ads. For certain purposes for remedies alleged to possess magic qualities & to provide for related matters
NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES ACT (NDPS), 1985 WITH RULE Sagar Savale
The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act of 1985 consolidated and amended previous laws to more strictly control narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in India. It established the Narcotic Control Bureau to enforce the new law. The Act defines narcotic and psychotropic substances and prohibits various activities related to them without a license. It gives authorities the power to permit and regulate certain activities and establishes penalties for violations. The overall aim is to prevent drug abuse and trafficking while allowing legitimate medical and scientific use.
Manufacture of drugs (other than homeopathy)Robin Gulati
This document outlines the requirements and conditions for obtaining different types of licenses to manufacture, repack, or loan drugs in India. The key types of licenses covered are:
1. Manufacturing license - Issued to those who can independently manufacture and test drugs. Separate licenses are needed for different drug classes.
2. Loan license - Issued to those who want to use another licensed manufacturer's facilities. They must demonstrate adequate testing capabilities.
3. Repacking license - Allows breaking bulk drugs into smaller packages and relabeling for sale. Testing of materials and products is required.
Stringent good manufacturing practices, record keeping, and testing standards apply to all license types to ensure drug quality and safety
The document provides an overview of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 in India. Some key points:
1) The Act was established to regulate the manufacture, sale, and import of drugs and cosmetics in order to ensure quality and safety. It covers definitions, licensing, inspections, and penalties for violations.
2) Administration involves advisory boards, analytical testing labs, and licensing authorities at central and state levels. The Drugs Technical Advisory Board advises the government on technical issues.
3) Manufacturing, sale, and import of drugs require licenses that mandate compliance with good practices, record keeping, and product standards. Violations can result in imprisonment and fines.
The Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954 prohibits false or misleading advertisements related to drugs or magic remedies. It defines terms like "drug" and "advertisement" and sets rules around advertising drugs for conditions like miscarriage or sexual pleasure. The Act establishes penalties for violations and gives powers to authorize officers to inspect and seize non-compliant advertisements. It aims to protect consumers from objectionable or misleading claims in drug advertising.
Good regulatory practice are internationally recognized process, system, tools and method for improving the quality of regulation.
It includes
1)COMMUNITY PHARMACY RETAIL AND WHOLESALE PHARMACY
-Dacumentation
-Licenses
-Renewal
-E-governance
2) HOSPITAL PHARMACY
-Dacumentation
-Licenses
-Renewal
-E-governance
3) PHARMA MANIFACTURING
-Dacumentation
-Licenses
-Renewal
-E-governance
4) IMPORT OF DRUG AND MEDICAL DEVICE
-Dacumentation
-Licenses
-Renewal
-E-governance
5) EXPORT OF DRUG AND MEDICAL DEVICE
-Dacumentation
-Licenses
-Renewal
-E-governance
NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES ACT 1985 AND.pptxGayatriBahatkar1
Objectives,
Definitions, Authorities and Officers, Constitution and Functions of narcotic &
Psychotropic Consultative Committee, National Fund for Controlling the Drug
Abuse, Prohibition, Control and Regulation, opium poppy cultivation and production
of poppy straw, manufacture, sale and export of opium, Offences and Penalties
The Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act is an Act No. 21 of 1954, which came in force on 1st of April 1955.
AIM: To control the Ad. Of drugs in certain cases, to prohibit the ads. For certain purposes for remedies alleged to possess magic qualities & to provide for related matters
NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES ACT (NDPS), 1985 WITH RULE Sagar Savale
The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act of 1985 consolidated and amended previous laws to more strictly control narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in India. It established the Narcotic Control Bureau to enforce the new law. The Act defines narcotic and psychotropic substances and prohibits various activities related to them without a license. It gives authorities the power to permit and regulate certain activities and establishes penalties for violations. The overall aim is to prevent drug abuse and trafficking while allowing legitimate medical and scientific use.
The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 is an Act of the Parliament of India which regulates the import, manufacture and distribution of drugs in India. The primary objective of the act is to ensure that the drugs and cosmetics sold in India are safe, effective and conform to state quality standards.
The Pharmaceutical Policy of 2002 was introduced by the Government of India to address challenges from trade liberalization and globalization. Its objectives were to ensure availability of quality drugs at affordable prices, strengthen domestic production capabilities, encourage investment and exports, promote rational drug use and R&D. Key decisions included abolishing licenses for some bulk drugs, allowing 100% FDI, price controls on essential medicines, and incentives for indigenous R&D including tax benefits and a fund to support it. The policy aimed to make India's pharmaceutical industry more competitive internationally while ensuring access to medicines.
At the end of the 19th century and early 20 century use of Allopathy system increases
Drugs of natural origin: Veg, mineral oil and animals
At that time, profit became main motive than service
Overdose of quinine.A Central law to control drugs and pharmacy profession.
National pharmaceutical pricing authority with drugs price control order (dpc...Tushar Morankar
The government has notified the DPCO 2013 under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955, which will give power to the NPPA (National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA )to regulate prices of 348 essential drugs along with their specified
strengths and dosages under NLEM 2011.
Main Features of the DPCO 2013
• The new order will bring 348 drugs & their 652 formulations under price control.
• The new policy uses a market-based pricing mechanism against the earlier proposed cost-plus method. The ceiling price would be calculated by taking the simple average of prices of all brands of a drug with a market share of 1% or more.
Role of all the Govt. pharma regulator Bodies.pptxnilimasakharkar1
The document discusses the roles and functions of various pharmaceutical regulatory bodies in India and other countries. It describes the Central Drug Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) as the national regulatory authority in India, headed by the Drug Controller General of India. It oversees drug approval, clinical trials, quality control, and coordination with state regulatory authorities. The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission establishes drug standards and publishes the Indian Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary of India to promote drug quality and safety.
Drug Technical Advisory Board- The Central Government constituted this Board, so as to advise the Central Government and the State Governments on technical matters arising out the administration of this Act and to carry out the other functions assigned to it by this Act.
This document discusses good regulatory practices across different pharmacy settings. It defines good regulatory practices as internationally recognized processes, systems, tools and methods for improving the quality of regulation. It then discusses good regulatory practices for community pharmacies, wholesale pharmacies, hospital pharmacies, and manufacturing and import/export of drugs and medical devices. Key aspects of good regulatory practices include online licensing and renewal systems, electronic record-keeping for traceability, documentation standards, and the use of electronic medical record systems.
The poison Act, 1919 was passed on 3rd September , 1919, with a view to control the import, possession and sale of Poisons.
It extends to whole of India but is not applicable to the state J&K.
The Act of 1919 replaced the poison Act of 1904.
The term “Poison” has not been defined under the Act.
Under the Act, the central Govt. has been authorised to regulate the import of poison across, while the various State Govt. has been authorised to make rules regarding the possession and sale of poison within their respective territories.
Medicinal and Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties).pptxDeeptiBhagchandani
This document provides definitions and guidelines related to the Medicinal and Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties) Act, 1955 and rules thereunder in India. It discusses how alcohol is used to manufacture medicines and toilet preparations and the need to control its distribution to prevent misuse. The key objectives of the act are to levy and collect duties on preparations containing alcohol, opium, cannabis, or other narcotic drugs. Manufacturers must obtain licenses and adhere to requirements for bonded or non-bonded facilities regarding building layout, storage, record keeping and more. Rectified spirit is obtained through approved channels and duties may be waived in some cases of bona fide loss.
Penalties • For contravention of provisions of the Act or evasion of excise duties or failure to supply required information, the punishment is imprisonment for six months with or without fine. The court may order seizure of dutiable goods and handing it over to the Government.
The Pharmacy Act of 1948 was introduced to regulate the profession of pharmacy in India by restricting practice to those with adequate education. It established the Pharmacy Council of India to regulate pharmacy education and approve courses. State Pharmacy Councils were also formed in each state. The Act defined key terms and outlined the objectives, functions and regulatory powers of the central and state councils regarding pharmacy education, registration of pharmacists, inspection of premises and enforcement. It aimed to protect public health by ensuring only qualified professionals practiced pharmacy.
Drugs and cosmetics act 1940 and rules 1945 swaSuvarta Maru
The document summarizes the history and objectives of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of India. It was established in 1940 to regulate drugs and cosmetics in India by licensing manufacturers and sellers. The act has been amended several times since 1955 to update regulations. Key agencies established include the Drugs Technical Advisory Board, Drugs Control Laboratories, and positions for Government Analysts to enforce the act through inspections, testing, and investigations.
The Drug & Magic Remedies Act 1954 aims to control advertisements of drugs and prohibit advertisements of remedies alleged to possess magic qualities. It defines key terms like advertisement and magic remedy. It prohibits advertisements for certain medical purposes and those that are misleading. It also prohibits magic remedy advertisements for specified diseases. Exempted advertisements include those approved by the government and literature sent to doctors. Violations can result in fines and imprisonment. Notable cases include action against a baba advertising magic treatments and conviction of a company MD for herbal aphrodisiac ads.
The document summarizes the Pharmacy Act of 1948 in India. It establishes the Central Council of Pharmacy to regulate the profession of pharmacy by prescribing minimum education standards. The Council maintains a central register of pharmacists. The Act also creates State Pharmacy Councils to oversee pharmacists at the state level and issue registrations. Its objectives are to regulate and raise the standards of pharmacy education and practice across India.
Drugs and cosmetics Act 1940,schedules &rules and regulationsM Swetha
This document provides an overview of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 and its subsequent amendments in India. It discusses the history and objectives of the act, key definitions, provisions around import, manufacture, sale, labeling, packaging, schedules to the act, and administration. The act was established to regulate drugs and cosmetics in India through a licensing system and prevent substandard or misbranded drugs. It outlines the various regulatory bodies established under the act like the Drugs Technical Advisory Board and Drugs Control Laboratories.
Narcotics and psychotropic act - Pharma JuryAdarshPatel73
The document provides an overview of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act and Rules in India. It defines narcotic and psychotropic substances and outlines controlled operations related to cultivation, production, and sale of substances like opium, cannabis, and cocaine. It describes the administrative agencies established to implement the Act and the offenses and penalties. It also summarizes procedures for searches, seizures, arrests, and disposal of arrested persons and seized articles. Finally, it provides details on cultivation, production, sale and manufacture of opium in India.
The Pharmacy Act of 1948 aims to regulate the profession of pharmacy in India. It established the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) and State Pharmacy Councils (SPC) to oversee pharmacy education and registration of pharmacists. The PCI frames regulations for pharmacy education, approves courses and institutions, and maintains the central register of pharmacists. SPCs prepare and maintain state registers. The Act also defines qualifications for registration as a pharmacist and penalties for offenses like practicing pharmacy without registration.
Good Regulatory Practices (GRP) are internationally recognized processes, systems, tools and methods for improving the quality of regulations. GRP systematically implements public consultation and stakeholder engagement as well as impact analysis of government proposals before implementation to ensure they are fit for purpose. The document discusses various aspects of pharmaceutical regulations in India including licensing, e-governance of regulatory authorities, import/export guidelines, clinical trial requirements, and roles of community pharmacies, hospital pharmacies, and pharmaceutical manufacturing/wholesale business.
The Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 and its subsequent amendments aim to regulate and ensure safety and quality of drugs and cosmetics in India. Key provisions include licensing requirements for import, manufacture, and sale of drugs and cosmetics. The act establishes regulatory bodies like the Drugs Technical Advisory Board and Drugs Control Committees. It defines terms like misbranded, adulterated, and spurious drugs and cosmetics. The schedules to the act and rules classify drugs based on their use and safety.
The Essential Commodities Act was passed in 1955 to prevent hoarding and black marketing of food items. It gives the central government power to regulate the production, supply, and distribution of essential commodities. The act defines essential commodities as those specified in a schedule, which can be amended by the government. It allows for price control, licensing of trades, and seizure of commodities in cases of non-compliance. Violations are punishable with imprisonment and fines, with higher penalties for repeat offenses. The act aims to ensure fair prices and equitable distribution of essential goods.
This document summarizes the key points of The Drugs (Control) Act, 1950:
1. The Act provides for the control of the sale, supply, and distribution of drugs in India. It gives powers to state governments and central authorities to regulate drugs and impose restrictions.
2. Key powers include declaring drugs that fall under the Act, fixing maximum prices and quantities of drugs that can be held or sold, imposing restrictions on sale and possession where maximums are exceeded, and regulating the disposal of drugs.
3. Offences under the Act are punishable with imprisonment up to 3 years or fines. Courts can also order the forfeiture of drug stocks involved in offences. The Act provides search and
The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 is an Act of the Parliament of India which regulates the import, manufacture and distribution of drugs in India. The primary objective of the act is to ensure that the drugs and cosmetics sold in India are safe, effective and conform to state quality standards.
The Pharmaceutical Policy of 2002 was introduced by the Government of India to address challenges from trade liberalization and globalization. Its objectives were to ensure availability of quality drugs at affordable prices, strengthen domestic production capabilities, encourage investment and exports, promote rational drug use and R&D. Key decisions included abolishing licenses for some bulk drugs, allowing 100% FDI, price controls on essential medicines, and incentives for indigenous R&D including tax benefits and a fund to support it. The policy aimed to make India's pharmaceutical industry more competitive internationally while ensuring access to medicines.
At the end of the 19th century and early 20 century use of Allopathy system increases
Drugs of natural origin: Veg, mineral oil and animals
At that time, profit became main motive than service
Overdose of quinine.A Central law to control drugs and pharmacy profession.
National pharmaceutical pricing authority with drugs price control order (dpc...Tushar Morankar
The government has notified the DPCO 2013 under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955, which will give power to the NPPA (National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA )to regulate prices of 348 essential drugs along with their specified
strengths and dosages under NLEM 2011.
Main Features of the DPCO 2013
• The new order will bring 348 drugs & their 652 formulations under price control.
• The new policy uses a market-based pricing mechanism against the earlier proposed cost-plus method. The ceiling price would be calculated by taking the simple average of prices of all brands of a drug with a market share of 1% or more.
Role of all the Govt. pharma regulator Bodies.pptxnilimasakharkar1
The document discusses the roles and functions of various pharmaceutical regulatory bodies in India and other countries. It describes the Central Drug Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) as the national regulatory authority in India, headed by the Drug Controller General of India. It oversees drug approval, clinical trials, quality control, and coordination with state regulatory authorities. The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission establishes drug standards and publishes the Indian Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary of India to promote drug quality and safety.
Drug Technical Advisory Board- The Central Government constituted this Board, so as to advise the Central Government and the State Governments on technical matters arising out the administration of this Act and to carry out the other functions assigned to it by this Act.
This document discusses good regulatory practices across different pharmacy settings. It defines good regulatory practices as internationally recognized processes, systems, tools and methods for improving the quality of regulation. It then discusses good regulatory practices for community pharmacies, wholesale pharmacies, hospital pharmacies, and manufacturing and import/export of drugs and medical devices. Key aspects of good regulatory practices include online licensing and renewal systems, electronic record-keeping for traceability, documentation standards, and the use of electronic medical record systems.
The poison Act, 1919 was passed on 3rd September , 1919, with a view to control the import, possession and sale of Poisons.
It extends to whole of India but is not applicable to the state J&K.
The Act of 1919 replaced the poison Act of 1904.
The term “Poison” has not been defined under the Act.
Under the Act, the central Govt. has been authorised to regulate the import of poison across, while the various State Govt. has been authorised to make rules regarding the possession and sale of poison within their respective territories.
Medicinal and Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties).pptxDeeptiBhagchandani
This document provides definitions and guidelines related to the Medicinal and Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties) Act, 1955 and rules thereunder in India. It discusses how alcohol is used to manufacture medicines and toilet preparations and the need to control its distribution to prevent misuse. The key objectives of the act are to levy and collect duties on preparations containing alcohol, opium, cannabis, or other narcotic drugs. Manufacturers must obtain licenses and adhere to requirements for bonded or non-bonded facilities regarding building layout, storage, record keeping and more. Rectified spirit is obtained through approved channels and duties may be waived in some cases of bona fide loss.
Penalties • For contravention of provisions of the Act or evasion of excise duties or failure to supply required information, the punishment is imprisonment for six months with or without fine. The court may order seizure of dutiable goods and handing it over to the Government.
The Pharmacy Act of 1948 was introduced to regulate the profession of pharmacy in India by restricting practice to those with adequate education. It established the Pharmacy Council of India to regulate pharmacy education and approve courses. State Pharmacy Councils were also formed in each state. The Act defined key terms and outlined the objectives, functions and regulatory powers of the central and state councils regarding pharmacy education, registration of pharmacists, inspection of premises and enforcement. It aimed to protect public health by ensuring only qualified professionals practiced pharmacy.
Drugs and cosmetics act 1940 and rules 1945 swaSuvarta Maru
The document summarizes the history and objectives of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of India. It was established in 1940 to regulate drugs and cosmetics in India by licensing manufacturers and sellers. The act has been amended several times since 1955 to update regulations. Key agencies established include the Drugs Technical Advisory Board, Drugs Control Laboratories, and positions for Government Analysts to enforce the act through inspections, testing, and investigations.
The Drug & Magic Remedies Act 1954 aims to control advertisements of drugs and prohibit advertisements of remedies alleged to possess magic qualities. It defines key terms like advertisement and magic remedy. It prohibits advertisements for certain medical purposes and those that are misleading. It also prohibits magic remedy advertisements for specified diseases. Exempted advertisements include those approved by the government and literature sent to doctors. Violations can result in fines and imprisonment. Notable cases include action against a baba advertising magic treatments and conviction of a company MD for herbal aphrodisiac ads.
The document summarizes the Pharmacy Act of 1948 in India. It establishes the Central Council of Pharmacy to regulate the profession of pharmacy by prescribing minimum education standards. The Council maintains a central register of pharmacists. The Act also creates State Pharmacy Councils to oversee pharmacists at the state level and issue registrations. Its objectives are to regulate and raise the standards of pharmacy education and practice across India.
Drugs and cosmetics Act 1940,schedules &rules and regulationsM Swetha
This document provides an overview of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 and its subsequent amendments in India. It discusses the history and objectives of the act, key definitions, provisions around import, manufacture, sale, labeling, packaging, schedules to the act, and administration. The act was established to regulate drugs and cosmetics in India through a licensing system and prevent substandard or misbranded drugs. It outlines the various regulatory bodies established under the act like the Drugs Technical Advisory Board and Drugs Control Laboratories.
Narcotics and psychotropic act - Pharma JuryAdarshPatel73
The document provides an overview of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act and Rules in India. It defines narcotic and psychotropic substances and outlines controlled operations related to cultivation, production, and sale of substances like opium, cannabis, and cocaine. It describes the administrative agencies established to implement the Act and the offenses and penalties. It also summarizes procedures for searches, seizures, arrests, and disposal of arrested persons and seized articles. Finally, it provides details on cultivation, production, sale and manufacture of opium in India.
The Pharmacy Act of 1948 aims to regulate the profession of pharmacy in India. It established the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) and State Pharmacy Councils (SPC) to oversee pharmacy education and registration of pharmacists. The PCI frames regulations for pharmacy education, approves courses and institutions, and maintains the central register of pharmacists. SPCs prepare and maintain state registers. The Act also defines qualifications for registration as a pharmacist and penalties for offenses like practicing pharmacy without registration.
Good Regulatory Practices (GRP) are internationally recognized processes, systems, tools and methods for improving the quality of regulations. GRP systematically implements public consultation and stakeholder engagement as well as impact analysis of government proposals before implementation to ensure they are fit for purpose. The document discusses various aspects of pharmaceutical regulations in India including licensing, e-governance of regulatory authorities, import/export guidelines, clinical trial requirements, and roles of community pharmacies, hospital pharmacies, and pharmaceutical manufacturing/wholesale business.
The Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 and its subsequent amendments aim to regulate and ensure safety and quality of drugs and cosmetics in India. Key provisions include licensing requirements for import, manufacture, and sale of drugs and cosmetics. The act establishes regulatory bodies like the Drugs Technical Advisory Board and Drugs Control Committees. It defines terms like misbranded, adulterated, and spurious drugs and cosmetics. The schedules to the act and rules classify drugs based on their use and safety.
The Essential Commodities Act was passed in 1955 to prevent hoarding and black marketing of food items. It gives the central government power to regulate the production, supply, and distribution of essential commodities. The act defines essential commodities as those specified in a schedule, which can be amended by the government. It allows for price control, licensing of trades, and seizure of commodities in cases of non-compliance. Violations are punishable with imprisonment and fines, with higher penalties for repeat offenses. The act aims to ensure fair prices and equitable distribution of essential goods.
This document summarizes the key points of The Drugs (Control) Act, 1950:
1. The Act provides for the control of the sale, supply, and distribution of drugs in India. It gives powers to state governments and central authorities to regulate drugs and impose restrictions.
2. Key powers include declaring drugs that fall under the Act, fixing maximum prices and quantities of drugs that can be held or sold, imposing restrictions on sale and possession where maximums are exceeded, and regulating the disposal of drugs.
3. Offences under the Act are punishable with imprisonment up to 3 years or fines. Courts can also order the forfeiture of drug stocks involved in offences. The Act provides search and
The document summarizes the Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961 which aims to prohibit the practice of dowry in India. Some key points:
- It defines dowry as any property or valuable security given by one party to a marriage, or their relatives, to the other party before, during or after the marriage.
- Giving or taking dowry is punishable by a minimum 5 years imprisonment and fine. Demanding dowry is punishable by 6 months to 2 years imprisonment and fine.
- Any agreement for dowry is void. Dowry received must be transferred to the woman within 3 months of marriage. Failure to do so is punishable.
- The Act also bans dow
The Consumer Protection Act was enacted in 1986 and establishes consumer protection councils at the district, state, and national levels to settle consumer disputes in a timely manner. It defines a consumer as someone who buys goods or services for personal use. The Act seeks to promote consumer rights like protection from defective goods, full information about products, and access to goods at fair prices. It allows consumers to file complaints with the appropriate district, state, or national forum based on the monetary value of the complaint. If a complaint is found to be valid, the forums can offer remedies like replacements, refunds, compensation, and penalties against companies for non-compliance.
This document outlines the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 which provides for maintenance and welfare of parents and senior citizens in India. Some key points:
1. It allows senior citizens and parents to file applications for maintenance from their children or relatives if they are unable to maintain themselves. Tribunals will determine maintenance amounts.
2. Children and relatives have an obligation to maintain senior citizens and parents so they can live a normal life. Failure to comply with maintenance orders can result in imprisonment.
3. The Act provides for establishment of old age homes by state governments to accommodate indigent senior citizens.
The document discusses criminal liability for medical negligence cases in India. It notes that the burden of proof lies with the complainant to provide clear evidence of negligence. The standard of proof is extremely high, as the doctor-patient relationship is one of trust. It may be difficult to pursue a criminal case, so it is often better to approach it from the perspective of a consumer case. The key Indian Penal Code sections related to medical negligence and malpractice are also outlined.
The Drugs Control Act of 1950 allows the Indian government to regulate drug prices and sales. It gives the government powers to fix maximum drug prices, restrict drug quantities sold, and impose other sale restrictions. The Act requires cash receipts for drug purchases over Rs. 5 and penalties for violations include imprisonment up to 3 years and/or fines. It aims to control the sale, supply, and distribution of drugs in India.
Inspection of markets, sealing & seizing safiullah jan sdazulfi799
This document outlines procedures for inspecting markets, sealing and seizing products, and collecting samples and evidence under consumer protection laws for district officers. Key points include:
1. Inspections can examine for defects, deficiencies, or unfair trade practices related to goods and services.
2. Products can be sealed or seized as part of legal proceedings under this act. Relevant search and seizure procedures from criminal law will apply.
3. Manufacturers must disclose product specifications, prices must be displayed, and receipts must be provided to purchasers. False advertising is prohibited.
This document summarizes Presidential Decree No. 1612, also known as the Anti-Fencing Law of 1979 in the Philippines. The decree defines "fencing" as dealing in stolen goods and establishes penalties for fencing based on the value of goods involved. It requires stores dealing in second-hand goods to obtain clearance from police before selling items obtained from unlicensed suppliers to prevent fencing. Rules are also outlined detailing the application and clearance process that stores must follow when selling second-hand goods.
This document outlines various offenses and penalties related to tax prosecution in Pakistan. It discusses offenses such as failure to comply with statutory obligations, making false statements, concealing income, failing to maintain proper records, unauthorized use of tax IDs, obstructing tax authorities, and more. Penalties for individuals and companies committing such offenses include fines, imprisonment, or both. It also covers rules for prosecuting offenses, including provisions for special tax judges to conduct trials and hear appeals.
The document outlines various provisions around officers of central and state governments for enforcing drug laws. It discusses the roles and powers of the Narcotics Commissioner and other officers appointed under the central government. It also describes the constitution and role of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Consultative Committee. Further, it discusses provisions around the National Fund for Control of Drug Abuse including its objectives and governing body. It also summarizes various prohibitions and regulations around cultivation and production of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.
The document discusses criminal liability for medical negligence cases in India. It outlines several key points:
1) The Indian Penal Code contains numerous provisions related to medical malpractice and negligence that can result in criminal charges or liability. Proving negligence in a medical case places a high burden on the complainant.
2) It is extremely difficult to pursue a criminal medical negligence case due to this high burden of proof and the nature of the doctor-patient relationship being one of trust.
3) It may be easier for a patient to approach a case of medical negligence from a consumer protection perspective rather than pursuing criminal charges. Consumer forums have powers to summon parties and award monetary damages.
The document outlines the Imports and Exports (Control) Act of Bangladesh from 1950. It establishes that the government can prohibit, restrict, or control imports and exports through published orders. Licensed imports and exports must follow any conditions specified in the licenses. Violations of the Act or any orders issued under it can result in imprisonment, fines, or both.
This document outlines various offences and penalties under the Malaysian Income Tax Act 1967. It describes offenses such as failure to file a tax return, making an incorrect return, willfully evading tax, obstructing tax officers, and failing to comply with record keeping requirements. The penalties for convictions range from fines between RM200 to RM20,000 depending on the offense, and can also include imprisonment terms and payment of unpaid taxes. The Director General is authorized to compound offenses by accepting a monetary payment in lieu of criminal prosecution.
DRUG AND MAGIC REMIDES ACT 1954, RULES, PHOHIBITIONSHARSHITASINGHAI1
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Drugs and Magic Remedies Act, 1954 in India. The Act aims to prohibit misleading advertisements of drugs and remedies that claim magical properties. It defines key terms like drugs, magic remedies and advertisements. The Act prohibits advertisements making certain claims related to diseases, disorders or bodily functions. It outlines penalties for violations and powers of authorities to inspect and seize documents. Recent amendments have proposed increasing penalties and expanding the list of prohibited claims.
This document is the Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act of 1992 from India. It aims to facilitate imports and exports to develop and regulate foreign trade. Some key points:
- It gives the Central Government power to regulate imports/exports and formulate export/import policies through orders.
- No one can import/export without an Importer-Exporter Code Number granted by authorities. Code Numbers can be suspended/cancelled for violations.
- Licenses are required for certain imports/exports and can be granted, renewed, suspended or cancelled.
- It establishes authorities to adjudicate violations, impose penalties/confiscations, and hear appeals. Violators may be penalized or have goods confiscated.
This document is the Human Trafficking and Transportation (Control) Act from Nepal that was enacted in 2007. Some key points:
- It establishes human trafficking and transportation as criminal offenses and outlines punishments such as imprisonment and fines.
- It provides protections for victims such as certifying their statements in court, allowing separate legal representation, and translation services.
- It requires the establishment of rehabilitation centers to provide medical treatment, social services, and family reunification support for victims.
- It creates a rehabilitation fund to support the operation of centers and provides compensation to victims from fines imposed on offenders.
Presentation on JUVENILE JUSTICE ACT, 2015.pptxmalahema615
1) The document summarizes key aspects of the Juvenile Justice Act of 2015 in India, including definitions of a child in need of care/protection and a child in conflict with law.
2) It outlines the roles and responsibilities of bodies established under the Act like the Juvenile Justice Board, Child Welfare Committee, Special Juvenile Police Unit.
3) The orders and decisions these bodies are authorized to make are described, such as declaring a child legally free for adoption, placing a child in foster care, or ordering a child to perform community service.
This document presents a draft bill called the Illegal Dispossession Bill, 2011. It was drafted based on discussions at a judicial training program where judges and lawyers discussed improving existing laws around illegal dispossession of property. The draft bill aims to curb illegal land grabbing and protect lawful owners and occupiers from forcible dispossession of their property. It defines key terms, declares land grabbing as unlawful, establishes special courts to try related cases, and outlines penalties for illegal dispossession, continued occupation of grabbed lands, and other offenses related to land grabbing. It also covers procedures for filing complaints, summoning accused individuals, attaching disputed properties, and restoring possession to lawful owners.
Health services consist of medical professionals, organizations, and workers who provide care to those in need. They cover emergency, preventative, rehabilitative, long-term, hospital, diagnostic, primary, palliative, and home care centered around making healthcare accessible, high quality and patient-centered. There are four main types of health services: promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative. Promotive services enable people to improve their health through education, environmental initiatives, and lifestyle changes. Preventive services aim to prevent disease through immunization, family planning, and controlling infectious diseases. Curative services detect and treat diseases, while rehabilitative services help restore functional ability through medical, vocational, economic and social
This document discusses complementary and alternative medicine systems, including Ayurveda, homeopathy, siddha, unani, and traditional Chinese medicine. It provides details on the key concepts and practices of each system. For Ayurveda, it describes the concepts of tridosha, saptdhatu, and the eight examination methods. It explains the principles of like cures like for homeopathy. For siddha and unani, it outlines their fundamental theories. And it notes the core concepts of yin and yang balance in traditional Chinese medicine. The document also lists several important herbal medicines used in each system and describes various Ayurvedic dosage forms.
This document summarizes key requirements for drug distribution service centers in Nepal based on the Drugs Sales and Distribution Code, 2071 (Codes on sales and Distribution of Drugs).
The key requirements include: having adequate infrastructure like a building with a minimum area of 120 sqm; proper storage facilities for drugs; necessary equipment for storage and distribution; maintaining proper documentation and quality control processes; having qualified human resources like a chief pharmacist and trained staff; and complying with good practices for procurement and inventory management of drugs.
2.The Drugs Registration Regulation, 2038(1981 and Medicine Registration Guid...Purbanchal University
The document summarizes the key rules and regulations regarding drug registration and pharmacy registration in Nepal as outlined in the Drugs Registration Regulation of 2038 and the Medicine Registration Guidance of 2073. Some of the main points covered include that one must obtain recommendation letters to establish a drug industry or for export/import of drugs. A product license must be obtained to manufacture drugs and drugs must be registered prior to sale, distribution, or importation. Pharmacies must also register and only certified individuals can operate pharmacies or sell/distribute medicines. Regulations further specify renewal fees, duplicate licenses, observance of codes, and the power of the government to alter schedules.
This document outlines the Drug Manufacturing Code 2041 (1984 AD) in Nepal. It details requirements for drug manufacturing facilities including their location, building requirements, necessary equipment, raw material storage and record keeping, manufacturing processes, quality control procedures, packaging and labeling, and staffing. The code aims to ensure drugs are manufactured following proper standards and quality control to comply with drug laws and protect public health. It provides regulations for good manufacturing practices that manufacturers must adhere to when producing pharmaceutical products in Nepal.
The document discusses WHO guidelines on rational medicine use and types of irrational medicine use. It notes that more than half of global medicine use is irrational, costing money and reducing treatment effectiveness. Irrational use includes polypharmacy, inappropriate antibiotic use, overuse of injections, and self-medication without prescriptions. The document lists several causes of irrational use, such as the natural history of illnesses, pseudo-logic, advertising influence on prescribers, and the perception that injections are always better than oral medications. Addressing irrational medicine use is important for improving health outcomes and efficient use of resources.
The National Drug Policy of 1995 aimed to ensure access to safe, effective and quality medicines at reasonable prices throughout Nepal. Its key objectives included making Nepal self-reliant in drug production, developing human resources, and promoting rational drug use. The policy outlined strategies for drug management, quality assurance, developing the domestic drug industry, and integrating traditional medicines. It sought to establish national and regional quality control laboratories, update drug registration processes, and disseminate drug information.
This document summarizes key aspects of the Nepal Health Services Act, 2053 BS. It outlines the objectives of establishing a competent, vigorous, service-oriented and responsible health service for the public. It establishes the Nepal Health Service and defines employee classifications. It specifies that certain posts will be filled through open competition or promotion, while other posts will be upgraded from lower levels. It restricts appointments on wages or contracts except under certain circumstances. It also outlines criteria for upgrading employees to higher post levels based on qualifications, performance, and years of service, especially in remote areas.
The document is the Consumer Protection Act of Nepal from 2054 BS (1997 AD). Some key points:
- It establishes the rights of consumers to obtain quality goods and services.
- It regulates the supply, price, quality, labeling and advertising of goods and services to protect consumer rights.
- It defines the liabilities and responsibilities of various parties in the production and distribution chain, including producers, importers, sellers, and service providers for defective or substandard goods that harm consumers.
- It establishes a Consumer Protection Council and various market monitoring committees to oversee the implementation of the Act. It also defines offenses and punishments for violations.
This document outlines the Narcotic Drugs (Control) Act of 2033 (1976) in Nepal. Some key points:
1. It prohibits various acts related to narcotic drugs including cultivation, production, preparation, purchase, sale, distribution, export, import, trafficking, storage, consumption and addiction.
2. Exceptions are made for medical use of narcotic drugs with a valid prescription from a licensed medical practitioner. The government can also regulate and license the collection and sale of hashish from wild cannabis plants.
3. Penalties are established for violations, including confiscation of materials and property related to offenses. Rewards are also provided for informants. The government is empowered to investigate,
The document summarizes key provisions of the Drug Act 2035 and Rules made thereunder in Nepal. It outlines the objectives of controlling and regulating drugs to ensure they are safe, effective and of standard quality. It describes the various chapters that establish committees to advise on drugs, regulate research and production, and enforce standards. The act defines important terms, requires licenses and permits for manufacturing, import, sale and clinical trials of drugs, and prohibits misuse, adulteration and sale of expired drugs.
This document provides an overview of the history of pharmacy in Nepal. It discusses the evolution of the pharmacy profession in Nepal from ancient times using traditional Ayurvedic and herbal medicines, to the introduction of modern allopathic medicine in the 19th century. It then covers the development of pharmaceutical regulation, education, manufacturing, and hospital/retail pharmacy in Nepal over time. Key events discussed include the establishment of the first hospital in 1890, the introduction of pharmaceutical education programs in the 1970s, the formation of regulatory bodies like DDA in the late 1970s, and the growth of the pharmaceutical industry from the 1960s-1980s.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
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Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
1. Black-marketing and Some Other Social Offenses and
Punishment Act, 2032 (1975)
Lecturer
Dinesh Kumar Yadav
BPharm , MPharm(P.U)
NPC No:G-1715
Department of Pharmacy
School of Health Science Purbanchal University
Goathgaun ,Morang
2. Black-marketing and Some Other Social Offenses and
Punishment Act, 2032 (1975)
Date of Authentication and publication 2032.5.20(5 September 1975)
Amending Act:
1. Administration of Justice Act, 2048(1991) 2048.2.16 (30 May 1991)
2. Republic Strengthening and Some Nepal Laws
Amendment Act, 2066 (2010) 2066.10.7 (21 Jan. 2010)
Act number 10 of the year 2032 (1975)
3. Black-marketing and Some Other Social Offenses and Punishment Act, 2032 (1975)
Preamble
1. Short title, extent and commencement:
2. Black-marketing:
3. Profiteering:
4. Deflection of goods:
5. Hoarding and artificial shortage:
6. Sale and distribution by misrepresentation:
7. Adulteration in medicine and sale of adulterated medicine:
8. Upper ceiling of fine and imprisonment for fine:
9. Commission of offense by a corporate body:
10. Commission:
11. Punishment for false clue or complaint:
12. Disqualification:
13. Power to arrest and search:
14. Procedures for filling case:
15. Adjudicating Authority:
16. Condemning of offender publicly:
17. Saving of act and action done under this Act:
19. Circumstance where the accused is to remain in custody:
20. Government of Nepal to be the Plaintiff:
21. Institution of case according to other prevailing law:
22. Delegation of powers:
23. Powers to frame Rules:
24. Repeal:
18. Sale and distribution of goods forfeited:
4. objective
• Whereas, it is expedient to control black-marketing , profiteering , adulteration
and some other social offenses in order to maintain health , convenience and
economic interests of the general public;
• Now, therefore, His Majesty King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev has, onthe advice
and with the consent of the National Panchayat, enacted this Act.
5. 1. Short title, extent and commencement:
(1) This Act may be called as the"Black-marketing and Some Other
Social Offenses and Punishment Act,2032 (1975)."
(2) This Act shall extend to the whole of Nepal.
(3) This Act shall come into force immediately.
6. 2. Black-marketing: If any person commits, or causes to be committed, any of the
following acts, that person shall be deemed to have committed black marketing
and be liable for the punishment as follows:
(a) If any person sells any goods by receiving the price higher than the price fixed, if
any, by Government of Nepal, and than the price fixed by the producer, importer or
main distributor of the goods prescribed by Government of Nepal upon a
Notification published in the Nepal Gazette, where Government of Nepal has not
fixed the price, such person shall be punished with imprisonment for a term not
exceeding Ten years and with also a fine, and the price of the goods received by
such person shall be returned and the goods forfeited.
7. • Explanation: While fixing the wholesale or retail price, it shall be fixed generally,
by having regard to the following matters and also hearing the concerned sector
so that the consumer gets it at a fair price:
(a)the price of goods,
(b) fare and rent,
(c) customs duties,
(d) taxes, fees and all reasonable expenses permissible under the prevailing law payable
while importing or producing goods,
(e) enterprise expenses,
(f) reasonable commission of the dealer, retailer or agent, and
(g) reasonable profit of the producer or the importer.
8. (b) If any person, who has taken any goods referred to in Clause (a) which are not
easily available in the open market in the required quantity at the fixed price with
or without getting an order or coupon for personal consumption, sells such goods
or order or coupon at a higher price with or without receiving commission or gives
the same in any other manner, such person may be punished with imprisonment
for a term not exceeding Three years or with a fine or both, and the price,
commission received for such goods or order or coupon shall be returned and the
order or coupon shall be cancelled.
Provided that,-
(1) If the goods do not remain necessary after the goods have been taken, the goods shall be
given to the person designated by the person whose coupon has been used to get the goods
with his/her consent in writing at the price obtained by him/her immediately upon being the
goods not necessary. If the goods have not been taken, the order or coupon shall be returned
immediately.
(2) The giving of such goods in a small quantity to manage the need of personal consumption
of one's near person or neighbour without receiving higher price shall not be deemed to be
an offense under this Clause.
9. (c) If any person sells a ticket for the fee or fare payable for any recreation or
transportation service by receiving the price higher than the price of ticket, such
person may be punished with imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year or
with a fine or with both, and the amount of the price received in excess shall be
forfeited.
(d) Government of Nepal may, as per necessity, form price fixation advisory
committees for the purpose of fixing the price under this Section.
10. 3. Profiteering -gfkmfvf]/L_ :
(1) Except as the price has been fixed under Section 2, in cases where a person trading any
goods prescribed by Government of Nepal has taken profit in excess of Twenty percent
normally or sell the goods, by receiving undue profit, taking advantage of the shortage, such
a person may be punished with imprisonment for a term not exceeding Five years or with a
fine or with both.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in Section 2, in the case of the goods imported by
recovering loss in export, a person may receive profit pursuant to Sub-section (1) in a manner
also to recover the loss sustained in exporting the goods.
(3) Each wholesaler or retailer shall display a price index of the goods as prescribed by
Government of Nepal at the place of sale in a manner conspicuous to all. One who fails to
display may be punished with imprisonment for a term not exceeding One year or with a fine
or with both.
11. 4. Deflection of goods: -dfn j:t'sf] ljrng_
If any person takes elsewhere or sells elsewhere the goods of the quota prescribed by
Government of Nepal for distribution in any Zone or District or the goods made available to
such person as an agent, dealer or retailer or sells in contravention of the terms of agency or
dealership or in a manner that may not have proper distribution among the consumers, such
person may be punished with imprisonment for a term not exceeding Five years or with a
fine or both.
5. Hoarding and artificial shortage: -hDdfvf]/L tyf s[lqd cefj_
If any person hoards the goods with an intention to sell them in the market to receive undue
profit by getting the price of the goods increased in a manner to create an artificial shortage
of such goods, such person shall be punished with imprisonment for a term not exceeding
Five years or with a fine or with both.
Provided that, if the producer, importer or main distributor or any of his/her dealer or agent
commits the same offense in regard to the goods as prescribed by Government of Nepal to
be essential goods, he/she shall be punished with imprisonment for a term not exceeding Ten
years or with a fine or with both.
12. 6. Sale and distribution by misrepresentation: -e'mSofO{ ljqmL ljt/0f _
If any person sells or distributes the goods by misleading any sub-standard goods to be
standard ones or by misrepresenting any goods to be another goods or by adulterating any
goods to reduce the standard of the goods and without disclosing that fact, such person may
be punished with imprisonment for a term not exceeding Two years or with a fine or with
both.
7. Adulteration in medicine and sale of adulterated medicine: -cf}iflwdf ld;fa6 /
ld;fj6 ePsf] cf}iflwsf] ljqmL _
(1) If any person, with an intention of getting any medicine sold or used as of pure medicine,
adulterates in a manner to make the medicine non-effective or less effective or change it
or make it injurious or with a knowledge that there is a possibility of such sale or use or
sells or attempts to sell such medicine with a knowledge that such medicine is
adulterated or its date is expired, or keeps it for sale or gives it to anyone for treatment or
causes any one, who does not have information on adulteration, to consume such
medicine, such person shall be punished as follows:
(a) With life imprisonment or imprisonment for a term not exceeding Ten years and with a fine, in the
event of the existence of a possibility of causing threat to the human body,
(b) (b) With imprisonment for a term not exceeding Ten years or a fine in the event of the lessening of, or
deprivation of, or the possibility of deprivation of, the strength of any organ of the body, and
(c) (c) With imprisonment for a term not exceeding Five years or a fine or with both, in other cases.
13. (2) In the event of selling any other thing by misleading it to be a medicine, one shall be liable
to the punishment as if the offense referred to in Sub-section (1) were committed.
8. Upper ceiling of fine and imprisonment for fine: -hl/jgfsf] pkNnf] xb /
hl/jgf afktsf] s}b _
(1) In punishing with a fine for an offense referred to in this Act, one shall be liable for the
punishment according to claimed amount up to Twenty-Five Thousand Rupees, whichever is
higher.
Provided that, excessive fine shall not be imposed in a manner that may not be in
harmony with the situation of the offender or with circumstances in which the offense
was committed.
(2) In imposing the punishment of a fine, the adjudicating authority shall also indicate in
his/her judgment as to how long one may be imprisoned for the non-payment of the fine, if
one fails to pay it.
(3) In cases where the offense for the commission of which punishment of fine has been
imposed also carries punishment of imprisonment, no punishment of imprisonment
exceeding a period of Five years shall be imposed for the non-payment of fine under Sub-
section (2). Where life imprisonment has been imposed, no additional imprisonment shall be
set for the fine.
14. 9. Commission of offense by a corporate body: -;+ul7t ;+:yfn] s;'/
u/]sf] ;DaGwdf _
(1) If a person who commits an offense as referred to in this Act is a corporate body or
company, the director, general manager, any other official or person having control over
the activities of the concerned corporate body or company shall, except in cases where
such person fails to prove that the offense took place without his/her knowledge or that
he/she has exercised all due diligence to prevent the offense to the extent possible, be
liable to the punishment for such offense.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in Sub-section (1), where itis proved that an offense
committed by a corporate body has been committed with the connivance of or by the
reason of negligence of the director, general manager or any other official of such
corporate body or company, such a director, general manager or official shall be liable for
the punishment pursuant to this Act.
10. Commission:
If any person informs the concerned official that anyone has committed or is going to commit
any offense referred to in this Act, and the offender is arrested and held to be guilty, the
informant shall be entitled to Twenty-Five percent of the fine imposed to the offender.
15. 11. Punishment for false clue or complaint:
If a person makes a false complaint with a knowledge of its being false or with a reason for
believing it to be false or by making fabricated proof or without any reasonable ground or
suspicion with an intention of frightening, threatening, defaming, troubling or harassing any
one, such person may be punished with imprisonment for a term not exceeding Three
months or with a fine not exceeding Five Thousand Rupees or with both.
12. Disqualification:
Any person who has been convicted with imprisonment for more than Six months under this
Act, except in the case of Section 11, shall not be eligible to serve, or to obtain a contract,
license of, Government of Nepal or a corporate body owned by Government of Nepal prior to
the expiry of Five years of the serving of punishment by such a person.
16. 13. Power to arrest and search:
(1) If a person commits an offense punishable under this Act or any reasonable
suit is filed claiming that such a person has committed such an offence or any
reliable information thereof has been received or a warrant is issued by the official
referred to in Sub-section (2) upon a reasonable suspicion, the police officer up to
the rank of Subinspector may arrest such a person.
(2) In the circumstance referred to in Sub-section (1), ........., Chief District Officer or
even the official designated by Government of Nepal in this regard may
him/herself arrest or order to arrest such a person.
(3) The police up to the rank of Sub-inspector or the ..........., Chief District officer,
or the official designated by Government of Nepal in this regard or a government
employee up to the rank of Kharidar (non-gazette second class ) authorized by
them in writing may, according to the prevailing Nepal law, search any village,
house/building or vehicle reasonably suspected of being placed there the goods
related with the offense under this Act or the person to be arrested is hiding
therein.
(4) In making a search, the goods, vehicles, documents and cash, as well, related
with the offense referred to in this Act may be seized.
17. 14. Procedures for filling case:
(1) No case under this Act shall be filed without the consent of Government of
Nepal or of the official designated by Government of Nepal by a Notification
published in the Nepal Gazette.
(2) If any retailer keeping a mini shop on a roadside or elsewhere commits an
offense referred to in Sections 3, 4 and 5, the official referred to in Sub-section
(1) may, if such a person has committed the offense for the first time, cause the
concerned person to return the profit received unreasonably, get the person to
make a deed covenanting that he/she shall not repeat the commission of such
offense thereafter and terminate the case.
(3) A case under this Act has to be instituted within Ninety days of the disclosing or
the commission of the offense.
18. 15. Adjudicating Authority: -d'bf x]g]{ clwsf/ _
(1) The court or authority designated by Government of Nepal by a Notification
published in the Nepal Gazette shall have the powers to initiate the
proceedings and adjudicate the cases relating to the offenses punishable under
this Act; and in cases where no such designation has been made, the Chief
District Officer shall have such powers.
(2) The court or official as referred to in Sub-section (1) shall, while initiating the
proceedings under this Act, follow the procedures and exercise the powers
referred to in the Special Court Act, 2059 (2002).
(3) An appeal may be made to the Court of Appeal against a decision made by the
official designated under sub-section(1) or by the Chief District Officer, and to
the court empowered to hear appeal against a decision made by the Court of
Appeal pursuant to Nepal law against a decision made by the Court of Appeal.
19. 16. Condemning of offender publicly:
If it appears that it is useful, for comprehensive public interest, to publish setting out the
name, address of and the nature of the offense, and punishment for the offense committed
by, the person convicted of an offense under this Act following the final decision, the
authority making the final decision may give direction to condemn the offense publicly by
getting the same published in a newspaper or by any other means.
17. Saving of act and action done under this Act:
No suit, complaint or legal proceedings may be instituted against any person for any act and
action done or attempted to be done in good faith under this Act.
18. Sale and distribution of goods forfeited:
The sale and distribution of goods forfeited under this Act shall be arranged by Government
of Nepal; and if the goods so forfeited require to be destroyed, such expenses may be
realized from the concerned person as governmental dues.
20. 19. Circumstance where the accused is to remain in custody:
In cases where there is a possibility that the accused may not appear on the appointed
dates or may abscond if he/she is released on bail or surety or he/she may interfere with the
proofs and evidence or he/she may commit any other offense under this Act, the case shall
be tried by keeping the accused in custody.
20. Government of Nepal to be the Plaintiff:
The cases under this Act shall be Government cases and be deemed to be included in
Schedule 1 to Government Case Act, 2049 (1992).
21. Institution of case according to other prevailing law:
In cases where any act which is an offense under this Act also becomes an offense under the
other prevailing Nepal Act, this Act shall not be deemed to bar in instituting of case
according to the other Act.
22.Delegation of powers:
Government of Nepal may delegate any or all of the powers conferred to it under this Act to
any officer by issuing a notified order in the Nepal Gazette.
21. 23. Powers to frame Rules:
Government of Nepal may, by publishing a Notification in the Nepal Gazette, frame Rules for
the accomplishment of the objectives of this Act.
24. Repeal:
Black-marketing Act, 2008 (1951), Control of Black Marketing and Smuggling of Cotton
Thread and Cloths Manufactured in the Mills Act, 2008 (1951), Nepal Prevention of Food
Hoarding Act, 2009 (1952), and Clause (c) of Sub-section (1) of Section 8 of the Local
Administration Act, 2028 (1971) are, hereby, repealed.