This document provides an introduction to black box software testing. Black box testing involves testing software without knowledge of the underlying code, from the customer's perspective. The document outlines several testing paradigms that can be used for black box testing, including domain testing, function testing, regression testing, specification-driven testing, and more. It also discusses test design, test documentation, test automation, and test management strategies. The overall goal is to help readers improve their ability to plan and design effective black box test cases and make good judgments about testing priorities and tradeoffs.
The document discusses data-driven approaches to optimizing software testing processes at Microsoft. It describes how historical test and code data can be analyzed to determine which tests are most valuable and cost-effective to run, in order to reduce total test execution time without negatively impacting code quality. Simulation results on Windows 8.1 data show the potential for significant test reduction (up to 60%) while maintaining bug finding ability. This could improve development processes by lowering machine costs and increasing developer satisfaction.
The document discusses testing within a Scrum environment at Planon, a software company. It covers how Planon integrated testers into development teams, emphasized automated regression testing, and adapted traditional test practices like documentation, activities, and reporting to fit an agile process. The lessons learned section emphasizes treating quality as a team responsibility and coaching testers to work effectively within Scrum.
EuroSTAR Software Testing Conference 2009 presentation on Incremental Scenario Testing by Mattias Ratert. See more at conferences.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/past-presentations/
This document contains the syllabus for a course on software verification, validation, and testing (CSE 565). It lists the topics that will be covered each week, including testing techniques like requirements-based testing, exploratory testing, structure-based testing, integration testing, and usability testing. It also covers testing at different stages like unit testing, integration testing, and system testing. The document provides an overview of the areas and concepts that will be learned throughout the course.
This document discusses exploratory testing and defines it as "Any testing to the extent that the tester actively controls the design of the tests as those tests are performed and uses information gained while testing to design new and better tests." It describes how all testers do some exploratory testing. Exploratory testers rely on a variety of knowledge, including knowledge of specific domains, risks, and testing techniques. Exploratory testing can differ based on a tester's personality and experiences. Questioning strategies like the Phoenix Checklist can help exploratory testers generate effective questions to test software.
Strategies to Avoid Test Fixture Smells durin Software EvolutionMichaela Greiler
An important challenge in creating automated tests
is how to design test fixtures, i.e., the setup code that initializes the
system under test before actual automated testing can start. Test
designers have to choose between different approaches for the
setup, trading off maintenance overhead with slow test execution.
Over time, test code quality can erode and test smells can develop,
such as the occurrence of overly general fixtures, obscure inline
code and dead fields. In this paper, we investigate how
fixture-related test smells evolve over time by analyzing several
thousand revisions of five open source systems. Our findings
indicate that setup management strategies strongly influence the
types of test fixture smells that emerge in code, and that several
types of fixture smells often emerge at the same time. Based on
this information, we recommend important guidelines for setup
strategies, and suggest how tool support can be improved to help
in both avoiding the emergence of such smells as well as how to
refactor code when test smells do appear.
The paper presents a new language called UDITA for describing tests. UDITA is a Java-based language that includes non-deterministic choice operators and an interface for generating linked data structures. This allows for more efficient and effective test generation compared to previous approaches. The language aims to make test specification easier while generating tests that are faster, of higher quality, and less complex than traditional manually written or randomly generated tests.
This document discusses various types of software testing performed at different stages of the software development lifecycle. It describes component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. Component testing involves testing individual program units in isolation. Integration testing combines components and tests their interactions, starting small and building up. System testing evaluates the integrated system against functional and non-functional requirements. Acceptance testing confirms the system meets stakeholder needs.
The document discusses data-driven approaches to optimizing software testing processes at Microsoft. It describes how historical test and code data can be analyzed to determine which tests are most valuable and cost-effective to run, in order to reduce total test execution time without negatively impacting code quality. Simulation results on Windows 8.1 data show the potential for significant test reduction (up to 60%) while maintaining bug finding ability. This could improve development processes by lowering machine costs and increasing developer satisfaction.
The document discusses testing within a Scrum environment at Planon, a software company. It covers how Planon integrated testers into development teams, emphasized automated regression testing, and adapted traditional test practices like documentation, activities, and reporting to fit an agile process. The lessons learned section emphasizes treating quality as a team responsibility and coaching testers to work effectively within Scrum.
EuroSTAR Software Testing Conference 2009 presentation on Incremental Scenario Testing by Mattias Ratert. See more at conferences.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/past-presentations/
This document contains the syllabus for a course on software verification, validation, and testing (CSE 565). It lists the topics that will be covered each week, including testing techniques like requirements-based testing, exploratory testing, structure-based testing, integration testing, and usability testing. It also covers testing at different stages like unit testing, integration testing, and system testing. The document provides an overview of the areas and concepts that will be learned throughout the course.
This document discusses exploratory testing and defines it as "Any testing to the extent that the tester actively controls the design of the tests as those tests are performed and uses information gained while testing to design new and better tests." It describes how all testers do some exploratory testing. Exploratory testers rely on a variety of knowledge, including knowledge of specific domains, risks, and testing techniques. Exploratory testing can differ based on a tester's personality and experiences. Questioning strategies like the Phoenix Checklist can help exploratory testers generate effective questions to test software.
Strategies to Avoid Test Fixture Smells durin Software EvolutionMichaela Greiler
An important challenge in creating automated tests
is how to design test fixtures, i.e., the setup code that initializes the
system under test before actual automated testing can start. Test
designers have to choose between different approaches for the
setup, trading off maintenance overhead with slow test execution.
Over time, test code quality can erode and test smells can develop,
such as the occurrence of overly general fixtures, obscure inline
code and dead fields. In this paper, we investigate how
fixture-related test smells evolve over time by analyzing several
thousand revisions of five open source systems. Our findings
indicate that setup management strategies strongly influence the
types of test fixture smells that emerge in code, and that several
types of fixture smells often emerge at the same time. Based on
this information, we recommend important guidelines for setup
strategies, and suggest how tool support can be improved to help
in both avoiding the emergence of such smells as well as how to
refactor code when test smells do appear.
The paper presents a new language called UDITA for describing tests. UDITA is a Java-based language that includes non-deterministic choice operators and an interface for generating linked data structures. This allows for more efficient and effective test generation compared to previous approaches. The language aims to make test specification easier while generating tests that are faster, of higher quality, and less complex than traditional manually written or randomly generated tests.
This document discusses various types of software testing performed at different stages of the software development lifecycle. It describes component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. Component testing involves testing individual program units in isolation. Integration testing combines components and tests their interactions, starting small and building up. System testing evaluates the integrated system against functional and non-functional requirements. Acceptance testing confirms the system meets stakeholder needs.
The document summarizes exploratory testing techniques. It discusses that exploratory testing simultaneously learns about the product, market, potential failures, weaknesses, and ways to test. Exploratory testing is a way of thinking about testing rather than a specific technique. The document contrasts exploratory testing with scripted testing, noting that exploratory testing emphasizes adaptability and learning while scripted testing emphasizes accountability and decidability. Key challenges of exploratory testing include learning, visibility, control, risk assessment, execution, logistics, determining correct results, reporting, documentation, metrics, and knowing when to stop testing.
Darius Silingas - From Model Driven Testing to Test Driven ModellingTEST Huddle
EuroSTAR Software Testing Conference 2010 presentation on From Model Driven Testing to Test Driven Modelling by Darius Silingas. See more at conferences.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/past-presentations/
This document discusses principles of software testing. It covers different types of testing including unit testing, integration testing, usability testing, and user acceptance testing. It describes who typically performs each type of testing, such as programmers performing unit testing and users involved in usability and acceptance testing. The document also discusses test cases, test data, and test types that can detect different types of defects.
This document provides an overview of test-driven development (TDD). It defines TDD as a technique for building software where tests are written before code to guide development. The key aspects of TDD covered are:
- Writing tests first before code, which helps improve design and ensures tests are written.
- The TDD mantra of Red-Green-Refactor, where tests initially fail (Red), code is written to pass tests (Green), then code is refactored to improve design.
- An example case study of a large Java project developed using TDD that has over 20,000 lines of unit tests providing over 90% test coverage.
This document provides the syllabus for the International Software Testing Qualifications Board's Certified Tester Advanced Level certification. It outlines the learning objectives for test managers, test analysts, and technical test analysts. The syllabus covers topics such as testing in the software lifecycle, specific system types like systems of systems and safety critical systems, testing processes, test management, risk-based testing, and more. It is intended to guide curriculum and training for the advanced level certification. The syllabus was last updated in 2007 by the Advanced Level Working Party committee members.
MindScripts Technology Training Solutions,
1st Floor,, Butte Bhavan, Above Carpet House,Near Nul Stop, Karve Rd, Pune 411 004
C8, Sant Tukaram Complex,Pradhikaran, NR Nigdi Bus Stop,Mumbai Pune Highway, Nigdi, Pune - 411044 Mobile : +91-97674 27924 +91-97674 27924
MindScripts provides training and job placements in Pune.Mindscripts gives 100% Job Placement for Java-Android and Software testing. It has ties ups with several MNC courses for software testing training,QTP training ,cloud computing ,android development training
Mindscripts is a software testing training institute in Pune that offers courses to help students become software testing professionals. The institute's fast track diploma course covers both manual and automation testing concepts and helps students obtain ISTQB certification. The course modules include manual testing, QuickTest Professional, LoadRunner, Selenium, SQL queries, and Quality Center. The objective is to help students find jobs in software testing within 30 days. Students learn testing principles, test case creation, defect logging, automation tools like QTP, LoadRunner and Selenium, and how to use Quality Center for test management. The course emphasizes hands-on training and practical experience.
San Francisco Software Craftsmanship Meetup
Test Driven Developers Bay Area Meetup
TDD Flow: The Mantra in Action” is a talk + hands-on about the mantra of TDD and its core patterns. Here are some questions for this talk: What is TDD? How to write a good test that fails? How to write code enough to make the test pass? How to remove duplication? How to refactor code? How to create clean code? Is TDD about testing or design? How small should a test be? Should I only write unit tests? Should I estimate TDD? How to use TDD with other agile methods like Scrum, Kanban or BDD? And finally, how to flow in TDD?
The document discusses software testing and provides definitions, purposes, and types of software testing. Some key points:
- Testing is defined as "the process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors." This is a more appropriate definition than ones focusing on demonstrating the absence of errors.
- Testing should be done because launching software without testing may lead to higher costs from bugs, especially for systems involving human safety. Earlier bug discovery and removal reduces costs.
- Testing requires developers to find errors in their own work, so many organizations separate development and testing roles.
- Complete testing of all possible inputs and paths is not possible due to their vast number. Techniques like boundary value analysis and worst-case
This document discusses software testing. It defines key terms like failure, fault, and error. It describes different types of testing like black box testing and white box testing. Black box testing focuses on external functionality without seeing internal code, while white box testing uses internal design and code to derive test cases. Specific black box techniques discussed are boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning to systematically test different conditions. The goal of testing is to find errors so they can be debugged and fixed.
The document discusses test case design and provides guidance on creating effective test cases. It recommends that test cases have a reasonable chance of catching errors, are not redundant, and are neither too simple nor too complex. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of making program failures obvious. Various techniques are described for selecting the best test cases, including equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis. Equivalence classes group test cases that are expected to have the same outcome, and boundary values at the edges of valid inputs are most likely to find failures.
The document discusses various types of software testing:
- Development testing includes unit, component, and system testing to discover defects.
- Release testing is done by a separate team to validate the software meets requirements before release.
- User testing involves potential users testing the system in their own environment.
The goals of testing are validation, to ensure requirements are met, and defect testing to discover faults. Automated unit testing and test-driven development help improve test coverage and regression testing.
Black box testing tests the functionality of software without knowledge of its internal structure or design. It is performed by testers and clients to test the software from an end user's perspective. There are various techniques used in black box testing including equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, and error guessing.
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts and definitions. It discusses key topics such as software quality, testing methods like static and dynamic testing, testing levels from unit to acceptance testing, and testing types including functional, non-functional, regression and security testing. The document is intended as an introduction to software testing principles and terminology.
The document discusses the testing life cycle process. It involves testing activities from the beginning of a project through requirements, design, development, integration testing, system testing, and release. Key phases include test planning, case design, execution, and using various testing types and tools. An effective testing team has defined roles and responsibilities throughout the project life cycle.
The document provides an overview of software testing and black box testing techniques. It discusses various testing methods like white box, black box and grey box testing. It also covers different types of testing like functional testing, acceptance testing, etc. and black box testing techniques like equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, state transition testing, and decision table testing. The document lists advantages of black box testing like not requiring knowledge of internal implementation and disadvantages like only a small number of inputs can be tested. It concludes by thanking the audience.
Exploratory testing is an approach to testing that emphasizes the freedom and responsibility of testers to continually optimize the value of their work. It is the process of three mutually supportive activities done in parallel: learning, test design, and test execution. With skill and practice, exploratory testers typically uncover an order of magnitude more problems than when the same amount of effort is spent on procedurally scripted testing. All testers conduct exploratory testing in one way or another, but few know how to do it systematically to obtain the greatest benefits. Even fewer can articulate the process. Jon Bach looks at specific heuristics and techniques of exploratory testing that will help you get the most from this highly productive approach. Jon focuses on the skills and dynamics of exploratory testing, and how it can be combined with scripted approaches.
What is testing?
“An empirical, technical investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the product under test.”
- Cem Kaner
This document provides an overview of software testing. It discusses how software testing is used to find defects and validate that software meets requirements. While testing cannot prove that software is perfect, it helps evaluate quality by comparing behavior to standards and user needs. The document also notes that the cost to fix defects rises significantly if found later in development or after release.
The document discusses testing within a Scrum environment at Planon, a software company. It covers how Planon integrated testers into development teams, emphasized automated regression testing, and adapted traditional test practices like documentation, activities, and reporting to be more iterative and team-focused. The lessons learned section emphasizes treating quality as a team responsibility and coaching testers to work effectively within Scrum.
Software testing is important for quality assurance and finding errors. However, complete testing is infeasible due to the complexity of software. There are many types of testing like black-box, white-box, correctness, and performance testing. Testing should be automated when possible to improve efficiency and effectiveness. It is difficult to determine when to stop testing but metrics like reliability and budgets can provide guidelines. While testing has limitations, it remains a crucial part of the software development process.
The document summarizes exploratory testing techniques. It discusses that exploratory testing simultaneously learns about the product, market, potential failures, weaknesses, and ways to test. Exploratory testing is a way of thinking about testing rather than a specific technique. The document contrasts exploratory testing with scripted testing, noting that exploratory testing emphasizes adaptability and learning while scripted testing emphasizes accountability and decidability. Key challenges of exploratory testing include learning, visibility, control, risk assessment, execution, logistics, determining correct results, reporting, documentation, metrics, and knowing when to stop testing.
Darius Silingas - From Model Driven Testing to Test Driven ModellingTEST Huddle
EuroSTAR Software Testing Conference 2010 presentation on From Model Driven Testing to Test Driven Modelling by Darius Silingas. See more at conferences.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/past-presentations/
This document discusses principles of software testing. It covers different types of testing including unit testing, integration testing, usability testing, and user acceptance testing. It describes who typically performs each type of testing, such as programmers performing unit testing and users involved in usability and acceptance testing. The document also discusses test cases, test data, and test types that can detect different types of defects.
This document provides an overview of test-driven development (TDD). It defines TDD as a technique for building software where tests are written before code to guide development. The key aspects of TDD covered are:
- Writing tests first before code, which helps improve design and ensures tests are written.
- The TDD mantra of Red-Green-Refactor, where tests initially fail (Red), code is written to pass tests (Green), then code is refactored to improve design.
- An example case study of a large Java project developed using TDD that has over 20,000 lines of unit tests providing over 90% test coverage.
This document provides the syllabus for the International Software Testing Qualifications Board's Certified Tester Advanced Level certification. It outlines the learning objectives for test managers, test analysts, and technical test analysts. The syllabus covers topics such as testing in the software lifecycle, specific system types like systems of systems and safety critical systems, testing processes, test management, risk-based testing, and more. It is intended to guide curriculum and training for the advanced level certification. The syllabus was last updated in 2007 by the Advanced Level Working Party committee members.
MindScripts Technology Training Solutions,
1st Floor,, Butte Bhavan, Above Carpet House,Near Nul Stop, Karve Rd, Pune 411 004
C8, Sant Tukaram Complex,Pradhikaran, NR Nigdi Bus Stop,Mumbai Pune Highway, Nigdi, Pune - 411044 Mobile : +91-97674 27924 +91-97674 27924
MindScripts provides training and job placements in Pune.Mindscripts gives 100% Job Placement for Java-Android and Software testing. It has ties ups with several MNC courses for software testing training,QTP training ,cloud computing ,android development training
Mindscripts is a software testing training institute in Pune that offers courses to help students become software testing professionals. The institute's fast track diploma course covers both manual and automation testing concepts and helps students obtain ISTQB certification. The course modules include manual testing, QuickTest Professional, LoadRunner, Selenium, SQL queries, and Quality Center. The objective is to help students find jobs in software testing within 30 days. Students learn testing principles, test case creation, defect logging, automation tools like QTP, LoadRunner and Selenium, and how to use Quality Center for test management. The course emphasizes hands-on training and practical experience.
San Francisco Software Craftsmanship Meetup
Test Driven Developers Bay Area Meetup
TDD Flow: The Mantra in Action” is a talk + hands-on about the mantra of TDD and its core patterns. Here are some questions for this talk: What is TDD? How to write a good test that fails? How to write code enough to make the test pass? How to remove duplication? How to refactor code? How to create clean code? Is TDD about testing or design? How small should a test be? Should I only write unit tests? Should I estimate TDD? How to use TDD with other agile methods like Scrum, Kanban or BDD? And finally, how to flow in TDD?
The document discusses software testing and provides definitions, purposes, and types of software testing. Some key points:
- Testing is defined as "the process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors." This is a more appropriate definition than ones focusing on demonstrating the absence of errors.
- Testing should be done because launching software without testing may lead to higher costs from bugs, especially for systems involving human safety. Earlier bug discovery and removal reduces costs.
- Testing requires developers to find errors in their own work, so many organizations separate development and testing roles.
- Complete testing of all possible inputs and paths is not possible due to their vast number. Techniques like boundary value analysis and worst-case
This document discusses software testing. It defines key terms like failure, fault, and error. It describes different types of testing like black box testing and white box testing. Black box testing focuses on external functionality without seeing internal code, while white box testing uses internal design and code to derive test cases. Specific black box techniques discussed are boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning to systematically test different conditions. The goal of testing is to find errors so they can be debugged and fixed.
The document discusses test case design and provides guidance on creating effective test cases. It recommends that test cases have a reasonable chance of catching errors, are not redundant, and are neither too simple nor too complex. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of making program failures obvious. Various techniques are described for selecting the best test cases, including equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis. Equivalence classes group test cases that are expected to have the same outcome, and boundary values at the edges of valid inputs are most likely to find failures.
The document discusses various types of software testing:
- Development testing includes unit, component, and system testing to discover defects.
- Release testing is done by a separate team to validate the software meets requirements before release.
- User testing involves potential users testing the system in their own environment.
The goals of testing are validation, to ensure requirements are met, and defect testing to discover faults. Automated unit testing and test-driven development help improve test coverage and regression testing.
Black box testing tests the functionality of software without knowledge of its internal structure or design. It is performed by testers and clients to test the software from an end user's perspective. There are various techniques used in black box testing including equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, and error guessing.
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts and definitions. It discusses key topics such as software quality, testing methods like static and dynamic testing, testing levels from unit to acceptance testing, and testing types including functional, non-functional, regression and security testing. The document is intended as an introduction to software testing principles and terminology.
The document discusses the testing life cycle process. It involves testing activities from the beginning of a project through requirements, design, development, integration testing, system testing, and release. Key phases include test planning, case design, execution, and using various testing types and tools. An effective testing team has defined roles and responsibilities throughout the project life cycle.
The document provides an overview of software testing and black box testing techniques. It discusses various testing methods like white box, black box and grey box testing. It also covers different types of testing like functional testing, acceptance testing, etc. and black box testing techniques like equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, state transition testing, and decision table testing. The document lists advantages of black box testing like not requiring knowledge of internal implementation and disadvantages like only a small number of inputs can be tested. It concludes by thanking the audience.
Exploratory testing is an approach to testing that emphasizes the freedom and responsibility of testers to continually optimize the value of their work. It is the process of three mutually supportive activities done in parallel: learning, test design, and test execution. With skill and practice, exploratory testers typically uncover an order of magnitude more problems than when the same amount of effort is spent on procedurally scripted testing. All testers conduct exploratory testing in one way or another, but few know how to do it systematically to obtain the greatest benefits. Even fewer can articulate the process. Jon Bach looks at specific heuristics and techniques of exploratory testing that will help you get the most from this highly productive approach. Jon focuses on the skills and dynamics of exploratory testing, and how it can be combined with scripted approaches.
What is testing?
“An empirical, technical investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the product under test.”
- Cem Kaner
This document provides an overview of software testing. It discusses how software testing is used to find defects and validate that software meets requirements. While testing cannot prove that software is perfect, it helps evaluate quality by comparing behavior to standards and user needs. The document also notes that the cost to fix defects rises significantly if found later in development or after release.
The document discusses testing within a Scrum environment at Planon, a software company. It covers how Planon integrated testers into development teams, emphasized automated regression testing, and adapted traditional test practices like documentation, activities, and reporting to be more iterative and team-focused. The lessons learned section emphasizes treating quality as a team responsibility and coaching testers to work effectively within Scrum.
Software testing is important for quality assurance and finding errors. However, complete testing is infeasible due to the complexity of software. There are many types of testing like black-box, white-box, correctness, and performance testing. Testing should be automated when possible to improve efficiency and effectiveness. It is difficult to determine when to stop testing but metrics like reliability and budgets can provide guidelines. While testing has limitations, it remains a crucial part of the software development process.
An introduction to Software Testing and Test ManagementAnuraj S.L
The document provides an introduction to software testing and test management. It discusses key concepts like quality, software testing definitions, why testing is important, who does testing, what needs to be tested, when testing is done, and testing standards. It also covers testing methodologies like black box and white box testing and different levels of testing like unit testing, integration testing, and system testing. The document is intended to give a basic overview of software testing and related topics.
Enabling Automated Software Testing with Artificial IntelligenceLionel Briand
1. The document discusses using artificial intelligence techniques like machine learning and natural language processing to help automate software testing. It focuses on applying these techniques to testing advanced driver assistance systems.
2. A key challenge in software testing is scalability as the input spaces and code bases grow large and complex. Effective automation is needed to address this challenge. The document describes several industrial research projects applying AI to help automate testing of advanced driver assistance systems.
3. One project aims to develop an automated testing technique for emergency braking systems in cars using a physics-based simulation. The goal is to efficiently explore complex test scenarios and identify critical situations like failures to avoid collisions.
Software testing techniques document discusses various software testing methods like unit testing, integration testing, system testing, white box testing, black box testing, performance testing, stress testing, and scalability testing. It provides definitions and characteristics of each method. Some key points made in the document include that unit testing tests individual classes, integration testing tests class interactions, system testing validates functionality, and performance testing evaluates how the system performs under varying loads.
A test strategy is the set of ideas that guides your test design. It's what explains why you test this instead of that, and why you test this way instead of that way. Strategic thinking matters because testers must make quick decisions about what needs testing right now and what can be left alone. You must be able to work through major threads without being overwhelmed by tiny details. James Bach describes how test strategy is organized around risk but is not defined before testing begins. Rather, it evolves alongside testing as we learn more about the product. We start with a vague idea of our strategy, organize it quickly, and document as needed in a concise way. In the end, the strategy can be as formal and detailed as you want it to be. In the beginning, though, we start small. If you want to focus on testing and not paperwork, this approach is for you.
This document discusses software coding standards and testing. It includes four lessons:
Lesson One discusses coding standards, which define programming style through rules for formatting source code. Coding standards help make code more readable, maintainable, and reduce costs. Common aspects of coding standards include naming conventions and formatting.
Lesson Two discusses software testing strategies and principles. Testing strategies provide a plan for defining the testing approach. Common strategies include analytic, model-based, and methodical testing. Key principles of testing include showing presence of defects, early testing, and that exhaustive testing is impossible.
Lesson Three discusses software testing approaches and types but does not provide details.
Lesson Four discusses alpha and beta testing as
The presentation provided an overview of software quality management and emerging trends in software testing. It discussed fundamentals like the software testing lifecycle, principles of testing, and types of testing. Emerging trends that were covered include increased test automation, use of testing tools, and the evolving role of artificial intelligence in quality assurance. The presentation also discussed how testing roles differ based on software development lifecycles like agile and DevOps. It concluded with an overview of career opportunities in software testing and the skills required to be an effective tester.
This document provides information about software requirements training courses offered by SQE Training. It includes course descriptions and outlines for the following courses:
- Requirements-Based Testing - A 2-day course that teaches a disciplined approach to designing, maintaining, and executing tests based on requirements.
- Writing Testable Requirements - A 1-day course focused on writing clear, unambiguous requirements to improve productivity and quality.
- Finding Ambiguities in Requirements - A 1-day course on techniques for quickly reviewing requirements to identify and eliminate ambiguities.
- Requirements-Based Testing Workshop - An expanded 3-day version of the Requirements-Based Testing course for more in-depth training.
Behavior Driven Development—A Guide to Agile Practices by Josh EastmanQA or the Highway
The document discusses Behavior Driven Development (BDD) and how it can help increase quality and prepare an organization for increased business demands. It describes BDD as an industry practice where the whole team collaborates on system testing and definition of done. BDD promotes requirements using examples, collaboration between roles, finding defects earlier and more often through automation, and keeping technical debt low.
The document discusses software review methods and optimal review practices. It describes different review methods from walkthroughs to inspections and their goals and attributes. Inspections are highlighted as the most formal review method, involving preparation, an orientation, planning, a review meeting, rework, and verification stages. The goals of technical reviews are also outlined, including improving quality and knowledge while minimizing costs.
Black-box testing is a software testing strategy that evaluates the functionality of a system without knowledge of its internal structure or implementation. It views the system as a "black box" and tests the system based on its requirements and expected outputs for various inputs. The presentation discusses how black-box testing fits into the broader framework of software testing theory and strategies. It also outlines how black-box testing can help testers find bugs by aggressively testing to break the system without knowledge of its internal logic. The goal of testing is to find as many bugs as possible before product release to improve quality.
Testing is the process of identifying bugs and ensuring software meets requirements. It involves executing programs under different conditions to check specification, functionality, and performance. The objectives of testing are to uncover errors, demonstrate requirements are met, and validate quality with minimal cost. Testing follows a life cycle including planning, design, execution, and reporting. Different methodologies like black box and white box testing are used at various levels from unit to system. The overall goal is to perform effective testing to deliver high quality software.
The document discusses strategies for software testing. It defines different levels of testing including unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and validation testing. It also discusses different testing approaches such as test-driven development, behavior-driven development, and agile testing. The document provides details on unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and validation testing. It discusses testing strategies, testing methods including black box testing and white box testing, and the differences between black box and white box testing.
The document provides an overview of software testing fundamentals including definitions of testing, why testing is necessary, quality versus testing, general testing vocabulary, testing objectives, and general testing principles. It defines software testing as verifying and validating that software meets requirements, works as expected, and discusses how testing is needed because humans make mistakes and software errors can have expensive and dangerous consequences. The document also provides definitions of quality, contrasts popular versus technical views of quality, and outlines key aspects of quality like functionality, reliability, and value.
Similar to Black box-software-testing-douglas-hoffman2483 (20)
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
This document describes a system for detecting data leakage when sensitive data is distributed to third party agents. It proposes strategies for allocating data across agents to improve the ability to identify leaks. These strategies include injecting fake records to act as watermarks without modifying real data. The system models agent guilt and develops algorithms to optimize data distribution and detect leaks. It includes modules for data allocation, fake objects, leakage protection, and identifying guilty agents.
The document discusses techniques for detecting data leakage when sensitive data is shared with third parties (agents). It proposes:
1) A model to calculate the probability that each agent is guilty of leaking a set of data (S) that was discovered outside of authorized channels. The model accounts for the likelihood that data in S could be guessed or obtained from other public sources versus leaked by agents.
2) Strategies for allocating data among agents in a way that improves the ability to identify leakers, such as distributing unique or rare records to single agents.
3) The optional addition of "fake" records to the data in a manner similar to digital watermarks, allowing positive identification of leakers if fake
The document discusses different sorting algorithms:
1) Linear search is used to search for a key in an unsorted list by checking each element sequentially until a match is found or the whole list has been searched.
2) Binary search improves on linear search by only checking the middle element and then narrowing the search space to the upper or lower half.
3) Insertion sort iterates through the list and inserts each element into the sorted portion, building up the sorted list one element at a time.
4) Bubble sort iterates through adjacent elements and swaps them if out of order, repeating until the list is fully sorted.
The document describes the creation of tables for an employee database including tables for jobs, locations, departments, and employees. Primary and foreign keys are added to define relationships between the tables. Descriptions are provided for each table. Sample data is inserted and selected from the tables including employees and their associated data. Queries are written to return additional information by joining the tables.
The document describes the structure of tables in an Oracle database - the EMPLOYEE, DEPARTMENT, JOB, and LOCATION tables. It provides the column names and data types for each table. It also includes examples of SQL queries against these tables to return employee names, departments, jobs, locations and other details.
The document discusses the implementation of a binary search tree (BST) using both recursive and non-recursive traversal methods. It defines a BST node structure with left and right child pointers. Functions are included to insert nodes, perform inorder, preorder and postorder traversals recursively and non-recursively using stacks. Main inserts sample nodes into the tree and calls the various traversal functions to output the node values in the specified orders.
The document contains a list of 20 data structures and algorithms assignments for a first semester MTech computer science lab course. The assignments include implementing linear search, binary search, insertion sort, selection sort, bubble sort, quick sort, merge sort, linked lists, stacks, queues, binary search trees, breadth first search, depth first search, hashing, and heap sort using C, C++, or Java. Students are asked to code solutions and test them.
The document provides an introduction to software testing, covering key concepts like the testing mindset, different types of testing, and how testing fits into the software development lifecycle. It discusses testing approaches like waterfall, iterative development, and agile methodologies. The document is intended to promote the importance of testing and provide testers with foundational knowledge.
The document discusses various topics related to software testing including:
1. The goals of testing are to prevent bugs through early testing and reduce perceived risk of software not working through testing.
2. There are different phases of testing including unit, integration, and system testing with different objectives at each level.
3. Effective testing requires models of the software, environment, potential bugs, and tests themselves which are refined based on unexpected results.
4. Oracles or specifications of expected test outcomes are needed to conduct rigorous testing and reduce the effort of predicting outcomes for each test. Prior test suites and commercial oracles can provide expected outcomes.
The document discusses various Unix/Linux commands for text processing and file management. It describes the commands head, tail, tr, sort, cut, uniq, diff, tee, find, and grep. Head displays the first few lines of a file, tail displays the last few lines, and tr translates or deletes characters. Sort sorts the lines of a text file, cut removes sections from each line, and uniq removes duplicate lines from a sorted file. Diff finds differences between two files.
This document encourages people to stop complaining and start being thankful for what they have by considering those who have less. It notes that while people may feel unhappy with their salary, friends, or other aspects of life, others have it much worse. The document suggests enjoying life as it is and being grateful to God for what one has, as there are always people worse off. It concludes by saying to pursue the few things in life that truly catch your heart.
God does not give people everything they want, only what is necessary and best for them. Sometimes people do not get what they want because God knows better things are available. Even if not satisfied now, one will eventually realize that what God provides is only for their good.
The document simulates different file allocation strategies including sequential, indexed, and linked allocation and shows sample code to implement each. It also simulates different file organization techniques including single-level and two-level directory structures, providing sample code and outputs for each approach. The code samples provide a way to test and understand how these different file allocation and organization techniques work.
The document is a poem that discusses the fleeting nature of life and moments. It notes how feelings and experiences can't be held onto or repeated. It encourages the reader to keep living in each present moment by keeping their heart open and their perspective fresh. The poem emphasizes appreciating each day as it comes and finding meaning in life's simple beauty.
1) The document describes a conceptual journey through scales of size from 1 meter to billions of light years and back down to fractions of a nanometer.
2) It explores scales from the size of leaves to the size of galaxies and discusses what can be observed at each scale of magnitude from 10^0 to 10^23 and 10^-16.
3) The journey is meant to illustrate the constancy of natural laws across vast scales and make the reader consider humanity's place in the universe.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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26,614 Years to send all the combinations of positive case values – assuming no time for generation or comparing of expected results
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Was called Equivalence Class analysis Quantify huge possible test space; Dick Bender’s Softtool generates cause-effect graph based test generation from complete requirements his process said that 10 100 possible test cases in a financial application where Hawkings estimates there are 10 90 molecules in the universe! Segment the test universe into sub-domains of [likely] equivalent values, then select the one best representative of the class. Used Laser Jet II as best [worst] representative printer for the class; Trick in non-trivial cases is to select the best representative; see Jorgensen’s “Software Testing: A Craftsman’s Approach.” Also, Beizer’s “Black Box Software Testing” is OK.
Equivalence classes depend on the risk that you’re testing against. Example is 64+64 looks equivalent to 64+63, but it is not equivalent if we’re dealing with single-byte sums. Hockey game example -- you can’t get into the playoffs with more than 63 games won (more than 127 points scored).
45 This illustrates the internal boundaries. Show chi-square as another example Walk through A,b as non-numeric tests. Explain the reversal error (> 57 vs >75, the program would appear to pass on b, but would fail on A)
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41 with more than 63 games won (more than 127 points scored).
127 The notion of Binary State as a boundary Between algorithms = chi-square approximation numerosity number of usages number of records size sum digits entered time race conditions? timeout followed by , , , , speed of data entry? year 2000 12:00 midnight special cases 24:00 rolls over to 00:01 or 24:01 most recent, first space on page memory < 640K on disk 64 K file system resources, between algorithms, date, intensity, what else?
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Example similar to real world architecture Testability: Visibility (how close to the point of failure can you look at information) Control (feed the program information, set the program state) [DuChard: Prob(failure|fault) should be high (exposure)] (Density of the error)
Get a team of developers together and trace through typical activities. Diagram the elements as they are involved.
War stories - database bug; it didn’t crash. This is the report-automation problem. The report test plan had been automated but no one knew what it did. It printed bad, but internally consistent, output. - vast wasted time interpreting old output - don’t read output
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86 Define software increments Use rigorous methods for Spec, Dev, and Certification of each increment Apply strict statistical QC during testing Enforce strict separation of Specification and Design Tasks from Testing Activities
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88 Concept central to SDLC and PM Left out of Primer and most texts