Bitcoin is a digital currency created through cryptography and advanced mathematics. It is recorded through a blockchain, which is a distributed digital ledger of transactions grouped into blocks. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, linking all transactions in a chain. Bitcoin is "mined" through solving computationally difficult puzzles to validate transactions and create new blocks. This process secures the blockchain from manipulation.
This presentation is about blockchain.
When Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp in 1879, he did not make a market analysis. The market did not have an identified need for a lamp but for light. This is a kind of disruptive original ideas.
Satoshi Nakamoto (a person or a group) did not do a market analysis neither . The blockchain was born after the financial crisis of 2008 as people lost trust in banks.
Satoshi Nakamoto introduced a new model of trust based on cryptographic proof in a decentralised & distributed ledger.
What is bloackchain technology ? Why blockchain is disruptive? And what are the main blockchain technologies ?
Blockchain , Deploying your first smart contract to azure ethereum blockchain.
Slides from my session in "Global Azure Bootcamp Chandigarh"
Presentation starts with basic terms like transactions , ledger and contracts. Talks about what is blockchain and ethereum and concludes with deployment of a smart contract to azure ethereum blockchain.
A presentation explaining the concepts of Blockchain. It covers the introduction to blockchain, types of blockchain, process of adding blocks in bitcoin blockchain, hyperledger block structure, use cases of blockchain explained.
There is increasing interest in the potential impact of Blockchain globally, across the business world. Blockchain is transforming data storage, security, digital property management, transactions in a variety of forms, and much, much, more. And the impact will be felt across a number of industries, including manufacturing, insurance, healthcare, retail, logistics, and more.
We believe Blockchain presents a unique opportunity for enterprises to leverage a revolutionary new technology and redefine how they function. The Blockchain Landscape Report 2019 by [X]cubeLABS discusses everything Blockchain ranging from its history, mechanism, and industry-wide adoption to its future potential.
Anonymous E Cash Transaction is using Bitcoinijtsrd
Crypto currency is variety of digital and virtual currency on a technology is understood as Blockchain. Bitcoin is understood as peer to peer payment network. Bitcoin victimization payment dealing not needed central authority permission. Here all managing and validatory dealing anonymously payment network system. Bitcoin shows new ways that E cash dealing system. E cash send directly to one user to second user. While not interrupted by the another user. Here even have quicker and minimum fees to transfer e cash. Exploitation Bitcoin all the transaction cryptograpically secured. Bitcoin not provide very safe privacy guarantees, payment communication are saved in a public decentralized ledger. Sanket Subhash Mane "Anonymous E-Cash Transaction is using Bitcoin" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30222.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30222/anonymous-ecash-transaction-is-using-bitcoin/sanket-subhash-mane
A blockchain is essentially a distributed database of records or public ledger of all transactions or digital events that have been executed and shared among participating parties. Each transaction in the public ledger is verified by consensus of a majority of the participants in the system. And, once entered, information can never be erased. The blockchain contains a certain and verifiable record of every single transaction ever made. Bitcoin, the decentralized peer to peer digital currency, is the most popular example that uses blockchain technology. The digital currency bitcoin itself is highly controversial but the underlying blockchain technology has worked flawlessly and found a wide range of applications in both the financial and nonfinancial world. The main hypothesis is that the blockchain establishes a system of creating a distributed consensus in the digital online world. This allows participating entities to know for certain that a digital event happened by creating an irrefutable record in a public ledger. It opens the door for developing a democratic open and scalable digital economy from a centralized one. There are tremendous opportunities in this disruptive technology and revolution in this space has just begun. This white paper describes blockchain technology and some compelling specific applications in both the financial and nonfinancial sector. Nandan Chitale | Yogeshchandra Puranik "Blockchain and Beyond" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42425.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comcomputer-science/other/42425/blockchain-and-beyond/nandan-chitale
This presentation is about blockchain.
When Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp in 1879, he did not make a market analysis. The market did not have an identified need for a lamp but for light. This is a kind of disruptive original ideas.
Satoshi Nakamoto (a person or a group) did not do a market analysis neither . The blockchain was born after the financial crisis of 2008 as people lost trust in banks.
Satoshi Nakamoto introduced a new model of trust based on cryptographic proof in a decentralised & distributed ledger.
What is bloackchain technology ? Why blockchain is disruptive? And what are the main blockchain technologies ?
Blockchain , Deploying your first smart contract to azure ethereum blockchain.
Slides from my session in "Global Azure Bootcamp Chandigarh"
Presentation starts with basic terms like transactions , ledger and contracts. Talks about what is blockchain and ethereum and concludes with deployment of a smart contract to azure ethereum blockchain.
A presentation explaining the concepts of Blockchain. It covers the introduction to blockchain, types of blockchain, process of adding blocks in bitcoin blockchain, hyperledger block structure, use cases of blockchain explained.
There is increasing interest in the potential impact of Blockchain globally, across the business world. Blockchain is transforming data storage, security, digital property management, transactions in a variety of forms, and much, much, more. And the impact will be felt across a number of industries, including manufacturing, insurance, healthcare, retail, logistics, and more.
We believe Blockchain presents a unique opportunity for enterprises to leverage a revolutionary new technology and redefine how they function. The Blockchain Landscape Report 2019 by [X]cubeLABS discusses everything Blockchain ranging from its history, mechanism, and industry-wide adoption to its future potential.
Anonymous E Cash Transaction is using Bitcoinijtsrd
Crypto currency is variety of digital and virtual currency on a technology is understood as Blockchain. Bitcoin is understood as peer to peer payment network. Bitcoin victimization payment dealing not needed central authority permission. Here all managing and validatory dealing anonymously payment network system. Bitcoin shows new ways that E cash dealing system. E cash send directly to one user to second user. While not interrupted by the another user. Here even have quicker and minimum fees to transfer e cash. Exploitation Bitcoin all the transaction cryptograpically secured. Bitcoin not provide very safe privacy guarantees, payment communication are saved in a public decentralized ledger. Sanket Subhash Mane "Anonymous E-Cash Transaction is using Bitcoin" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30222.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30222/anonymous-ecash-transaction-is-using-bitcoin/sanket-subhash-mane
A blockchain is essentially a distributed database of records or public ledger of all transactions or digital events that have been executed and shared among participating parties. Each transaction in the public ledger is verified by consensus of a majority of the participants in the system. And, once entered, information can never be erased. The blockchain contains a certain and verifiable record of every single transaction ever made. Bitcoin, the decentralized peer to peer digital currency, is the most popular example that uses blockchain technology. The digital currency bitcoin itself is highly controversial but the underlying blockchain technology has worked flawlessly and found a wide range of applications in both the financial and nonfinancial world. The main hypothesis is that the blockchain establishes a system of creating a distributed consensus in the digital online world. This allows participating entities to know for certain that a digital event happened by creating an irrefutable record in a public ledger. It opens the door for developing a democratic open and scalable digital economy from a centralized one. There are tremendous opportunities in this disruptive technology and revolution in this space has just begun. This white paper describes blockchain technology and some compelling specific applications in both the financial and nonfinancial sector. Nandan Chitale | Yogeshchandra Puranik "Blockchain and Beyond" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42425.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comcomputer-science/other/42425/blockchain-and-beyond/nandan-chitale
With the recent crypto bubble engulfing the world, you would have come across two prominent words: Blockchain and Cryptocurrency. Well, when it comes to origin and development then cryptocurrency marks the growth of Blockchain technology.
There are many cryptocurrencies out there; in fact, as of April 2021, there were over 9,500 cryptocurrencies in circulation listed on the Coinmarketcap. This number is expected to increase in the future as people’s interest in cryptocurrencies keeps rising. Although you might have heard about cryptocurrencies and known how it works, it’s possible you still don’t know what cryptocurrency actually is, or what means. The fields of cryptocurrency and the blockchain technology that drives cryptocurrencies can be a bit confusing. So, what is cryptocurrency? This article uses relatable terminology to explain in detail what cryptocurrency is, and the science of cryptography that decentralizes and drives cryptocurrencies, and makes them secure.
Blockchain Interview Questions and Answers | Blockchain Technology | Blockcha...Edureka!
** Blockchain Training: https://www.edureka.co/blockchain-training **
This Edureka's Blockchain tutorial consists of the frequently asked Blockchain Interview Questions which will help you in the preparation of Blockchain Interviews. Below are the topics covered in this tutorial:
1. Blockchain Market Trends
2. General Blockchain Interview Questions
3. Advanced Blockchain Interview Questions
Here is the link to the Blockchain blog series: https://goo.gl/DPoAHR
You can also refer this playlist on Blockchain: https://goo.gl/V5iayd
Blockchain Developer | How to Become a Blockchain Developer? | Blockchain Tra...Edureka!
( Blockchain Training: https://www.edureka.co/blockchain-training )
This Edureka Blockchain Training tutorial will give you a complete fundamental understanding on how to become a Blockchain Developer. This video helps you realize who a Blockchain Developer is, and how to become one yourself!
Edureka Blockchain Tutorial Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9ooVrP1hQOFJblZm3OdcVV-H6Z8V7HP1
With a transaction fee market and without a block size limit in Bitcoin netwo...ijgttjournal
International Journal of Game Theory and Technology ( IJGTT) is an open access peer -reviewed journal that helps bridge together both the research and development aspects of games theory and technology. Game theory is an inter-disciplinary field that focuses on studying games, creating innovative architectures and explores new ideas to develop games which can be used for learning purposes. This journal provides a platform for exchanging ideas in new emerging trends that needs more focus and exposure and will attempt to publish proposals that strengthen our goals.
This study explains all the advantages and disadvantages of Blockchain and the Distributed Ledger technologies, outlines the proven use cases and provides business insights on what can be achieved in future. You will also find an explanation of the core problems in Finance, Logistics, Insurance, Supply Chain and other industries that are being solved with Blockchain now.
Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for educationeraser Juan José Calderón
Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for education
Guang Chen1,2, Bing Xu1
, Manli Lu1 and Nian-Shing Chen3*
Abstract
Blockchain is the core technology used to create the cryptocurrencies, like bitcoin. As part of the fourth industrial revolution since the invention of steam engine, electricity, and information technology, blockchain technology has been
applied in many areas such as finance, judiciary, and commerce. The current paper focused on its potential educational applications and explored how blockchain technology can be used to solve some education problems. This article first introduced the features and advantages of blockchain technology following by exploring some of the current blockchain applications for education. Some innovative applications of using blockchain technology were proposed, and the benefits and challenges of using blockchain technology for education were also discussed.
Keywords: Blockchain, Educational evaluation, Instructional design, Learning is earning
The main things you need to know about blockchain:
+ What Is A Blockchain. Theory
+ Ordering Facts
+ Blocks
+ Mining
+ Money and Cryptocurrencies
+ Contracts
With the recent crypto bubble engulfing the world, you would have come across two prominent words: Blockchain and Cryptocurrency. Well, when it comes to origin and development then cryptocurrency marks the growth of Blockchain technology.
There are many cryptocurrencies out there; in fact, as of April 2021, there were over 9,500 cryptocurrencies in circulation listed on the Coinmarketcap. This number is expected to increase in the future as people’s interest in cryptocurrencies keeps rising. Although you might have heard about cryptocurrencies and known how it works, it’s possible you still don’t know what cryptocurrency actually is, or what means. The fields of cryptocurrency and the blockchain technology that drives cryptocurrencies can be a bit confusing. So, what is cryptocurrency? This article uses relatable terminology to explain in detail what cryptocurrency is, and the science of cryptography that decentralizes and drives cryptocurrencies, and makes them secure.
Blockchain Interview Questions and Answers | Blockchain Technology | Blockcha...Edureka!
** Blockchain Training: https://www.edureka.co/blockchain-training **
This Edureka's Blockchain tutorial consists of the frequently asked Blockchain Interview Questions which will help you in the preparation of Blockchain Interviews. Below are the topics covered in this tutorial:
1. Blockchain Market Trends
2. General Blockchain Interview Questions
3. Advanced Blockchain Interview Questions
Here is the link to the Blockchain blog series: https://goo.gl/DPoAHR
You can also refer this playlist on Blockchain: https://goo.gl/V5iayd
Blockchain Developer | How to Become a Blockchain Developer? | Blockchain Tra...Edureka!
( Blockchain Training: https://www.edureka.co/blockchain-training )
This Edureka Blockchain Training tutorial will give you a complete fundamental understanding on how to become a Blockchain Developer. This video helps you realize who a Blockchain Developer is, and how to become one yourself!
Edureka Blockchain Tutorial Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9ooVrP1hQOFJblZm3OdcVV-H6Z8V7HP1
With a transaction fee market and without a block size limit in Bitcoin netwo...ijgttjournal
International Journal of Game Theory and Technology ( IJGTT) is an open access peer -reviewed journal that helps bridge together both the research and development aspects of games theory and technology. Game theory is an inter-disciplinary field that focuses on studying games, creating innovative architectures and explores new ideas to develop games which can be used for learning purposes. This journal provides a platform for exchanging ideas in new emerging trends that needs more focus and exposure and will attempt to publish proposals that strengthen our goals.
This study explains all the advantages and disadvantages of Blockchain and the Distributed Ledger technologies, outlines the proven use cases and provides business insights on what can be achieved in future. You will also find an explanation of the core problems in Finance, Logistics, Insurance, Supply Chain and other industries that are being solved with Blockchain now.
Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for educationeraser Juan José Calderón
Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for education
Guang Chen1,2, Bing Xu1
, Manli Lu1 and Nian-Shing Chen3*
Abstract
Blockchain is the core technology used to create the cryptocurrencies, like bitcoin. As part of the fourth industrial revolution since the invention of steam engine, electricity, and information technology, blockchain technology has been
applied in many areas such as finance, judiciary, and commerce. The current paper focused on its potential educational applications and explored how blockchain technology can be used to solve some education problems. This article first introduced the features and advantages of blockchain technology following by exploring some of the current blockchain applications for education. Some innovative applications of using blockchain technology were proposed, and the benefits and challenges of using blockchain technology for education were also discussed.
Keywords: Blockchain, Educational evaluation, Instructional design, Learning is earning
The main things you need to know about blockchain:
+ What Is A Blockchain. Theory
+ Ordering Facts
+ Blocks
+ Mining
+ Money and Cryptocurrencies
+ Contracts
Overview of bitcoin regulation challenges and opportunities.
The research focused on ineffective controls used by western regulators to control Bitcoin and cryptocurrency .
Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer electronic cash system and the first truly decentralized network for sending and receiving value over the Internet. This presentation gets into the details of the technology and answers common questions related to the bitcoin, how it works.
Bitcoin is the world's first cryptocurrency, a form of electronic cash. It is the first decentralized digital currency: the system was designed to work without a central bank or single administrator.
Cryptocurrencies are classified as a subset of digital currencies and are also classified as a subset of alternative currencies and virtual currencies.
The Looming Threat of China: An Analysis of Chinese Influence on Bitcoin.. Be...eraser Juan José Calderón
The Looming Threat of China: An Analysis of Chinese Influence on Bitcoin de Ben Kaiser 1 , Mireya Jurado 2 , and Alex Ledger 1 Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA 2 Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
Blockchain Technology Explained
You must have heard about the term “blockchain,” in reference to Bitcoin and othercryptocurrencies.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/blockchain-technology-explained/
blockchain, Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies, blockchain technology, blockchain developers
#blockchain #Bitcoin #cryptocurrencies #blockchaintechnology #blockchaindevelopers
Confused by some of the terms used on CoinDesk? Here you will find a complete bitcoin 101 that will help you to understand digital currency by explaining commonly used terms and their meanings.
Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency. It is a decentralized payment system and kept alive due to the technology called Blockchain. These are peer-to-peer transactions. These transactions are verified by using a cryptography technology bank. Chain technology keeps the record of the distributed ledger. Bitcoins can be earned as a reward through mining. This currency can be convertible into other currencies, products, and services. Bitcoin has been emerging as a famous digital currency and popularity all over for quick transition. Moreover, bitcoin will be an economic asset because it has profitable results. The purpose of this research study is to explain the complete working of bitcoins technology, applications, and research challenges to be addressed, and the current future international market scope of Bitcoin technology.
Bitcoin was proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto on 31st Oct 2008. It is the pseudonym used by an individual or a collective group of people. In January 2009, the First open-source Bitcoin client was released and the bitcoin network came into existence. Satoshi Nakamoto is an inventor of bitcoin, and blockchain technology. All through it’s a false name. This is how he introduced himself to the internet. Unfortunately, many people think that because Satoshi Nakamoto has invented Bitcoin and the Blockchain technology, he is the owner of those too. The reality is that Satoshi Nakamoto has neither control over the Blockchain nor bitcoin. Therefore, it really doesn’t matter who Satoshi Nakamoto is.
Blockchain is a technology, and its first function was on the platform named bitcoin. Bitcoin is Blockchain. However, Bitcoin itself is only a cryptocurrency that is capable of replacing fiduciary currency. Nevertheless, not that many people will like the idea at first.
Whitepaper blockchain technology and investmentIbrahim Khatri
After my research of multiple years and going through multiple articles, here is the summary of my all learning.
This is a must read for any technical or financial enthusiast who want to know more about blockchain from technical and financial model perspective.
During last few years, we heard many crypto jargons on daily basis at variety of occasions. If yes, this white paper will help to understand more about those and add value to your future actions, decisions for yourself and for your business.
Bitcoin price today BTC to USD market cap.pdfFranck La Rocca
As of 4:11 p.m., the price of Bitcoin is $16,171.30, changing -2.19% from the previous day. The market capitalization of the tokens was $310,785,787,847.95 after the recent fluctuations in the price of bitcoin. Bitcoin has had a shift of -65.00% so far this year. According to the CoinDesks Digital Asset Classification Standard, Bitcoin is categorized as a currency (DACS).
The Blockchain - The Technology behind Bitcoin Jérôme Kehrli
The blockchain and blockchain related topics are becoming increasingly discussed and studied nowadays. There is not one single day where I don't hear about it, that being on linkedin or elsewhere.
I interested myself deeply in the blockchain topic recently and this is the first article of a coming whole serie around the blockchain.
This presentation is an introduction to the blockchain, presents what it is in the light of its initial deployment in the Bitcoin project as well as all technical details and architecture concerns behind it.
We won't focus here on business applications aside from what is required to present the blockchain purpose, more concrete business applications and evolutions will be the topic of another presentation I'll post in a few weeks
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Knowledge engineering: from people to machines and back
Bits, Blocks, and Chains: A Concise Examination of Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency for the Novice
1. 1
Bits, Blocks, and Chains
A Concise Examination of Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency for the Novice
Richard Givens
Lewis University, College of Arts and Sciences
Department of Computer and Mathematical Science
CPSC 52500: Encryption and Authentication
2. 2
Abstract
The recent increase of the price of Bitcoin has sparked an interest in the field of cryptocurrency
and the technologies supporting it. Once relegated to the fringes of a few early adopters and
enthusiasts, Bitcoin now sits squarely in the public eye. Those seeking to understand Bitcoin,
cryptocurrency, and blockchain are left sifting through conflicting sources with very little
supporting documentation. Overly technical, or overly general, these sources fail to provide a
concise examination of Bitcoin and cryptocurrency sufficient for the novice or layperson to
understand.
Note, throughout this paper various sources are cited, however direct quotes are seldom used.
This paper represents the sum of understanding from these sources.
Keywords: Bitcoin, cryptocurrency, blockchain
3. 3
Introduction
Bitcoin, Cryptocurrency, Blockchain; occasionally an obscure fad takes root with the general
population and creates a fervor, introducing new buzzwords, concepts, and methods which until
their public debut, were unknown by the majority. Because of its current market price of
19,336.50 U.S. Dollars (USD), with an overall market cap totaling over 320 billion USD
(CoinMarketCap), something once limited to a small segment of the population, early adopters,
suddenly lands in the spotlight with little or no explanation preceding it. The effect is akin to a
large elephant suddenly dropping from one’s ceiling, and landing in the center of a room. The
purpose of this paper is to provide a brief, concise overview of Bitcoin, and will attempt to
explain in layman terms the technological concepts driving it.
While the focus of this paper is Bitcoin, the concepts introduced carry over well to other forms of
cryptocurrency, also known as altcoin. All cryptocurrency, digital representations of an
alternative currency created through cryptography and advanced mathematics, and the methods
involving its production rely upon established proofs and theorems; it is merely the
implementation method which is unique.
Providing a concise explanation of cryptocurrency such that the layman, or average consumer,
can understand is difficult. Though there are many resources which attempt to explain
cryptocurrency, there is very little uniformity among them. Indeed, the many forms of
cryptocurrency which originated from the idea of Bitcoin exceed one thousand variations; these
claim some advantage due to the modification or addition of methods which produce them.
While Bitcoin, the earliest and most popular cryptocurrency, and Bitcoin Mining, the production
4. 4
of Bitcoin, have existed for several years, and are based on methods established many years
earlier, there is a fundamental lack of scientific knowledge which springs from an assumption
that because these methods are based on mathematics and cryptography, there is little need to
explain these concepts further. Whether this assumption is based on a perceived collective
understanding of the advanced mathematical formulae involved, or a desire to avoid explaining
them to others, the result is a heavy reliance on faith and assumption which contradicts common
scientific principles and established mathematical proof of methods within cryptography.
Nonetheless, the wave of cryptocurrency is gaining momentum, so a basic understanding is both
beneficial and desirable.
An important note regarding this paper: There are no assumptions regarding the reader’s level of
knowledge in mathematics, cryptography, or cryptocurrency in general. Thus, definitions will
follow terms throughout its contents.
What is Bitcoin?
In 2008, an academic research paper titled “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” an
individual referring to him or herself as Satoshi Nakamoto to a mailing list discussing
cryptography, (Marr). Nakanoto’s paper detailed the first cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, describing it
as “an electronic payment system based on cryptographic proof instead of trust,” (Nakanoto,
2008). In the introduction, Nakanoto describes the erosion of trust between transaction parties
and third-party institutions providing trusted transaction services. In his paper, Nakanoto
discusses a method in which willing parties engage in a transaction reliant upon cryptographic
proof, thus eliminating the need for trusted third parties, and reducing costs related to transaction
processing. Furthermore, this cryptographic proof serves as the security for the transaction,
rendering it resistant to fraud or abuse. The Bitcoin is the record of such transactions, containing
5. 5
the most recent transaction itself, and the sum of all previous transactions, digitally authenticated
by SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm)-256 cryptographic functions, which create unique
mathematical signatures for each Bitcoin yet tie them all together in the blockchain,
(Antonopoulos). A detailed description of blockchain is below, however to understand SHA256
hash function, one simply need know that any hash function is a cryptographic method relying
upon mathematical calculations performed upon data of variable size (Antonopoulos). An input
of variable sized data is hashed via mathematical operations using the specific algorithm,
resulting in an output of fixed size (regardless of the original size of the data), in this case 256
bits, which encodes the data as a type of cipher. Due to the compression of the original data, and
discarding bits of it to accommodate the fixed size the hashed data, known as the digest,
deciphering the plaintext is impossible, except through currently unknown mathematical
methods, (Antonopoulos). SHA256 is a type of hash function of the SHA-2 family of hash
functions, published in 2001, resists attacks which were successful at breaking previous hash
functions, (Pattanayak). In simple terms, the number of attempts required to successfully break
the SHA256 function using the most prevalent attack is 2128, or approximately 3.4 multiplied by
1038. When describing Bitcoin, all hash functions are SHA256 and synonymous with the term
“hashing”.
What is Blockchain?
As mentioned above, a Bitcoin is the record of the effort required to create the transaction and all
previous transactions, residing on a blockchain, or a chain of digital transactions acting as an
inalterable electronic ledger consisting of several blocks, timestamped to prevent duplication or
alteration, (Antonopoulos). The current block in the chain receives the digest of the previous
block header, appending (adding) the digest of the current block’s transactions (of which each
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undergoes multiple layers of hashing and appending with other current transactions within the
block to create a single digest), then appending with version information which dictates the block
validation rules, a timestamp, and a difficulty setting, to create a single block header. This header
is hashed, and the digest passed to the next block, (Bitcoin Developer Guide
In simple terms, the Bitcoin is a record of the efforts required to create the current block, which
consists of the records of the efforts required to create all previous blocks, and thus chains each
Bitcoin to every other Bitcoin.
How is Bitcoin “Mined”?
The creation of Bitcoin, or the efforts required to complete the digital transaction of information,
is known as mining, (Antonopoulos). Like the physical efforts of mining, Bitcoin mining consists
of many operations which may not produce any result for some time. Similarly, it is through the
collective efforts of several miners, pooling resources and thus sharing the dividends, that
Bitcoin may be created, or mined, with any noticeable result. Those efforts, known as
transactions, form a proof of work that, when it meets certain criteria serve as the validation that
a moderately difficult cryptographic challenge has been solved.
The proof of work algorithm receives as its input the digest of the previous block’s header,
generates a Nonce, or one-time pseudo random number, and then hashes both the digest of the
previous block and the Nonce together, (Bitcoin Developer Guide). The digest of this hash is
checked against the difficultly and validation requirements contained in the header of the
previous block, and determines if it meets these criteria. The block/Bitcoin will only be
considered valid if it falls within a certain value threshold, and if its hash is at least as
challenging as the difficulty protocol determined by the preceding hash. Among the difficulty
7. 7
criteria is a requirement that the resulting hash must contain an increasing number of preceding
zeroes before any other digit, and that the total length of the digest must meet a certain length,
(Antonopoulos).
The difficulty involved in generating a single Bitcoin makes the effort too challenging for single
or small groups of users (Antonopoulos). While the effort will eventually succeed, the amount of
time required to meet the exact requirements at any time creates a perceived loss of value. Thus
users, or miners as they are collectively known, often congregate in pools or nodes,
(Antonopoulos). These nodes use special computing algorithms which run on host computers to
create a distributed network of machines, all attempting to “solve” a block by creating the hash
which meets the given criteria. The work completed by each miner is the transaction that is
recorded as part of that block. When enough transactions result in a digest which meets the
criteria, the block is validated, and the header created. The network of miners then receives the
new header and begin computation of the next block in the chain.
How is Bitcoin Secure?
Though a detailed explanation of the security of Bitcoin is possible, it is best to express it simply.
Each block contains a digest of the SHA256 hashing algorithm, which consists of the digests of
multiple SHA256 hashing algorithms, as well as the SHA256 hash of the header of the previous
block. This hashing within hashing within hashing creates a block that is directly tied to the first
block created, known as the Genesis Block. SHA256, as part of SHA-2, has thus far remained
resistant to the attacks which rendered previous hashing algorithms obsolete requiring an
expenditure of effort (using current methods) too monumental to complete. As a newly created
block must match certain validation requirements, including verification of the hash of the
8. 8
preceding block’s headers, such that the amount of effort required to forge or alter a block is at
least as much, on average, as that required to create a legitimate block.
In simpler terms, the amount of effort required to forge or alter a single Bitcoin is equivalent to
the sum of all the effort to create all previous Bitcoins, plus the sum of all the efforts required to
create all ensuing Bitcoins, or those Bitcoins created after the forgery effort began.
Summary
Bitcoin, though highly technical in nature relies upon current mathematical models and
cryptographic methods, which when explained in simplified terms, are easy to comprehend. The
creation of a single Bitcoin relies upon a mathematical computation and multiple SHA256
hashing operations to create a block in a series of blocks which are all connected by their digests.
Verifying the integrity of a block is a matter of comparing digests to expected output, and
discarding any which fail to meet the given criteria. While breaking the secure hashing algorithm
and creating forged or altered blocks is possible, the amount of effort required is so monumental
that it would take less to simply attempt to create a legitimate block. All types of cryptocurrency
descend from Bitcoin, but claim some advantage over previous methods used. However, the
documentation of cryptocurrency is both diverse and vague, rendering a concise explanation
based on proven scientific and cryptographic methods extremely difficult.
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Works Citied
Antonopoulos, Andreas M. Mastering Bitcoin: Programming the Open Blockchain. O'Reilly,
2017.
“Bitcoin Developer Guide.” Developer Guide - Bitcoin, Bitcoin.org, bitcoin.org/en/developer-
guide#block-chain.
“(BTC) Bitcoin (BTC).” Bitcoin (BTC) Price, Charts, Market Cap, and Other Metrics |
CoinMarketCap, coinmarketcap.com/currencies/bitcoin/.
Marr, Bernard. “A Short History Of Bitcoin And Crypto Currency Everyone Should Read.”
Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 6 Dec. 2017,
www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2017/12/06/a-short-history-of-bitcoin-and-crypto-
currency-everyone-should-read/.
Nakanoto, Satoshi. “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System Satoshi Nakamoto.”
Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System | Satoshi Nakamoto Institute, 2008,
nakamotoinstitute.org/bitcoin/.
Pattanayak, Anupam. “Revisiting Dedicated and Block Cipher Based Hash Functions.”
Academia.edu,
www.academia.edu/3037624/Revisiting_Dedicated_and_Block_Cipher_based_Hash_Fu
nctions.