Biotechnology Introduction BP-605T B.Pharm

UNIT NO – 1
LECTURE NO -1
TOPIC – INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
BP- 605T
MR. ARPIT GUPTA
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)
(DR. RML INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY)
7599900257 AG PHARMACY arpitguptapwn23@gmail.com

CONTENTS
Introduction
History
Application of biotechnology
Types of biotechnology
Examples of Drug production by using biotechnology

BIOTECHNOLOGY
 Biotechnology is branch of science in which living things
are used to make new products.
 It is the use of living organisms or processes to make
products useful for mankind.
 Brewing and baking bread are examples of processes
that fall within the concept of biotechnology (use of
yeast i.e. living organism to produce the desired
product).

 Begin with the first action of human on life for his welfare
 It started when people modified microorganisms to the needs of
humanity.
 In past biotechnologists used yeast cells to ferment alcoholic drinks
and the bacteria to make cheese and yoghurt.
HISTORY
 Term coined by a Hungarian engineer Karl Ereky
 Modern biotechnology started in California in 1970’s
 Before 1971, the term biotechnology was used primarily in
food processing and agriculture industries.

APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

• Green biotechnology (agricultural applications)
• Red biotechnology (medical applications)
• Blue biotechnology (aquatic applications)
• White biotechnology (industrial applications)
TYPES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

GREEN BIOTECHNOLOGY:
Green Biotechnology is the use of genetically altered plants or
animals to produce more environmentally-friendly farming
solutions as an alternative to traditional agriculture, horticulture,
and animal breeding processes.

 Use of biotechnological techniques in agriculture
 Vitamin A deficiency is a serious problem and
can cause blindness at a young age if left
untreated
 Golden rice was genetically modified to produce
beta-carotene (a precursor of vitamin A that the
body converts to vitamin A). A diet including
golden rice can thus help to raise vitamin A
levels

WHITE BIOTECHNOLOGY
 It is also called industrial biotechnology. It is
the designing of an organism to produce useful
chemicals i.e enzymes

 The use of biological methods to optimize industrial processes
 Applied by manufacturers of laundry detergents
 Includes research for new enzymes (proteins that remove oily
and protein-based stains)
 Enzymes that work under extreme conditions (wash temperatures
of 20°C or 90°C)
 This often entails modifying the enzymes of
microorganisms for these processes

RED BIOTECHNOLOGY
 This term is used in medical processes. It involves the
manipulation of microorganisms to make products such as
antibiotics.
 Red biotechnology(Bio-pharmaceutical) is a process that
utilizes organisms to improve health care and help the body to
fight diseases.
 It is a branch of modern biotechnology that is utilized in the
field of medicine.
 Red biotechnology is not only limited to the pharmaceutical
industry but also the medical sector as it facilitates the
alleviation of human suffering and enhances the quality of life.

 It includes:
 Production of medicines and pharmaceutical products for treating
or diagnosing disorders
 Designing of organisms to manufacture antibiotics and
vaccines
 Engineering of genetic defects through genomic
manipulation
 Use in forensics through DNA profiling

USES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICINE
With the help of biotechnology:
 Microorganisms can be used to make biological substances for
humans which are equally effective as natural substances
 Microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast are used to make
substances (produce drugs) like insulin and interferon
 Treatment of diseases like hepatitis and arthritis are made
possible with the help of biotechnology
Example- INSULIN: Human insulin is being produced using genetic
engineering technique known as humulin and it is used for the
treatment of diabetes that is low sugar level in the blood

2.Example- INTERFERON
 Interferon interfere in transmission of viral genome from one
cell to another and it also inhibits the cell division of abnormal
cells.
 Interferon produced using the recombinant DNA
technology is used to treat cancer patients.
 Interferon improved the quality of life of cancer
patients
3.Example-GENE THERAPY:
 Gene therapy is an experimental technique that uses genes to
treat or prevent disease.
 Gene therapy is a way to fix a genetic problem at its source. The
polymers are either translated into protein, interfere with
target gene expression, or possibly correct genetic mutations.

 It involves the direct examination of DNA
molecule of an organism. It is used for
 Newborn screening: Test for abnormal
missing of gene product
 Carrier Testing: Test to avoid transfer of
defective gene from parents to child
 Identity Testing
 Genetic disorder like Sickle cell anemia
GENETIC TESTING

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Biotechnology Introduction BP-605T B.Pharm

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