6. Aerodynamics
•coefficient of drag (Cd) -The force of air resistance on an object.
•At 112 Km/h there's four times more force working against the car than at 56 Km/h
7. •In Japan, the 500-series bullet trains could travel 300 km/h but the sound levels exceeded environmental standards.
•source of noise:
•atmospheric pressure wave forced in front of the train as it traveled through a narrow tunnel, creating a sonic boom at the exit.
•Another source of noise was the pantograph.
Aerodynamics-Inspiration from nature
8. Aerodynamics-Inspiration from nature
•Kingfishers move quickly from air, a low- resistance (low drag) medium, to water, a high-resistance (high drag) medium.
•The beak is streamlined, steadily increasing in diameter from its tip to its head.
•This reduces the impact as the kingfisher essentially wedges its way into the water, allowing the water to flow past the beak rather than being pushed in front of it.
•To reduce the pantograph's noise -structures to the main part of the pantograph to create many small vortices. This is similar to the way an owl's primary feathers have serrations that create small vortices instead of one large
9. Aerodynamics-Inspiration from nature
•The more streamlined Shinkansentrain not only travels more quietly, it now travels 10% faster and uses 15% less electricity.
10. Stability: Inspired from nature
•Box Fish
•Due to its trapezoidal or triangular shape, and flattened back (its keel), the boxfish is able to create self-stabilizing vortices using the turbulent water itself.
12. •Bionic Car
•super-aerodynamic: drag coefficient of 0.19
•Length/width/height -4243/1815/1594 mm Wheelbase -2568 mm
•Engine output -103 kW/140 hp Max. torque - 300 Nm at 1600-3000 rpm
•Fuel consumption (combined) -4.3 l/100 km;
•Acceleration 0-100 km/h -8.2 s
•Max. speed -190 km/h
Stability: Inspired from nature
14. Tires-Inspiration from nature
•Honeycomb bordered by a thick black tread.
•This nature inspired design does not only have:
•Great load bearing capacity
•Reduces excess heat and noise generated during use, two common problem with past applications.
