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Biomedical Monitoring of Spaceflight Participants during Suborbital Flights Agile Architecture
- 2. Copyright © 2017 by Yash Mehta Overview • Emergence of NewSpace • FAA/AST Requirements • Digital Health Innova@ons • Why merge industries? • Emerging Digital Health Solu@ons • Advantages of Digital Health Migra@on to Space • Proposed Architecture • Future Recommenda@ons
- 3. Copyright © 2017 by Yash Mehta Emergence of NewSpace • Near-term growth in the commercial human spaceflight will be suborbital tourism and science-payload test flights • Current forecast place Blue Origin and Virgin Galac@c as the only two companies to conduct commercial flights before 2020 • Lack of standardiza@on for managing tourist health and safety
- 4. Copyright © 2017 by Yash Mehta Emergence of NewSpace • Lack of a harmonized approach to spaceflight par@cipant (SFP) screening and monitoring • Blue Origin New Shepard and Virgin Galac@c SpaceShipTwo have two dis@nct flight profiles affec@ng SFP over high-G gradient – New Shepard – VTVL (3g – 6g) – SpaceShipTwo – HTHL (3.8g – 6g) • Difficult to determine impact on physiologic stability of SFP during high-g renentry
- 5. Copyright © 2017 by Yash Mehta High-G region of Interest Blue Origin’s New Shepard spacecraft is a rocket with a capsule on top for carrying humans to s altitudes. Like conventional rockets, New Shepard is launched vertically from a launch pad to suborbital al which it releases its capsule to continue on its upwards parabolic trajectory. The rocket will fall back to e stabilize during the descent to land vertically. The capsule will eventually begin its descent through the para eventually deploy parachutes to land back to earth. Figure 4 [19] illustrates the flight profile of New Shepar approximate g-forces experienced by SFP during boost and descent. C. Areas of Concern As illustrated above, the boost and descent phase pose the greatest threat to SFP health – especially the Figure 4. Blue Origin New Shepard flight profile. Source: Blue Origin. 3gPeak g-force 6g Peak g-force Blue Origin New Shepard
- 8. Copyright © 2017 by Yash Mehta FAA/AST Requirements • Currently requires under Part 460, commercial human spaceflight companies to train SFP to respond to inflight emergencies • Emphasis on human factors is very broad and limited to crew • SFP must sign waiver prior to flight indemnifying operator and U.S. gov’t • Companies leh to pursue their own means for managing SFP safety
- 10. Copyright © 2017 by Yash Mehta Exis@ng Biomonitoring Systems for SFP • Most biomonitoring systems developed specific for human spaceflight born out of labs or for NASA use built in-house • Such concepts lag behind commercial industry applica@ons found within Digital Health domain • Recent NASA-JSC indicated the agency must look to industry for solu@ons
- 11. Copyright © 2017 by Yash Mehta Biomonitoring Needs • Ensuring crew and SFP safety against adverse physiological states during high-g maneuvers • Increased situa@onal awareness regarding the state of crew and SFP • Provide indica@ons and alerts against A-LOC and G-LOC • Research has indicated that BP, heart rate, and pulse ox indicators of physiological condi@ons in high-gravity environment
- 12. Copyright © 2017 by Yash Mehta Biomonitoring Needs – Pulse Ox moglobin (DHbO2), deoxyhemoglobin (DHb) and oxygenation saturation (rSO2) during a +6 Gz plateau. H.C. Ryoo et al. / Medical Engineering & Physics 26 (2004) 745–753 Fig. 3. Oxyhemoglobin (DHbO2), deoxyhemoglobin (DHb) and oxygenation saturation (rSO2) during rep Fig. 2. Oxyhemoglobin (DHbO2), deoxyhemoglobin (DHb) and oxygenation saturation (rSO2) during Ryoo et al., 2004 6-8+Gz Spike Deoxyhemoglobin Spike Oxygen Satura@on Level Drop G-LOC Event
- 13. Copyright © 2017 by Yash Mehta Biomonitoring Needs - Cardiovascular • High g-forces will deteriorate cardiovascular func@ons • Rapid accelera@on/onset of g-forces problema@c for cardiovascular compensa@ons • Cardiovascular stresses could poten@ally lead to or induce other physiological problems • Example: On ISS, NASA u@lizes semi-automated blood pressure for assessment
- 16. Copyright © 2017 by Yash Mehta Proposed Concept A-LOC/G-LOC Indicator Cardiovascular health Condi@on
- 19. Copyright © 2017 by Yash Mehta Concluding Remarks Industry Safety Perspec@ve: 1. Encourage the merging of commercial space and digital health industry. Transfer spinoffs from health tech to space. 1. Achieve cost reduc@on and quicker deployments 2. Develop framework for industry integra@on 2. Industry currently lacks standardized crew/SFP safety and health monitoring requirements – Encourage dialogue not only within commercial space industry but also related stakeholders 3. Encourage regulators to look at crew/SFP safety requirements from a new perspec@ve Commercial Space Industry Digital Health Industry FAA/AST
- 20. Copyright © 2017 by Yash Mehta Concluding Remarks Biomedical Perspec@ve: 1. Enable effec@ve pre-flight medical screening assessment and medical data storage 2. Collect and analyze pa@ent-generated data in (near) real-@me environment during pre-flight, inflight, and post-flight 3. Enable poten@al deployment of single system for pre-flight screening, inflight monitoring, and post-flight readings 4. Help establish dynamic data base of SFP health for further assessment in the future
- 21. Copyright © 2017 by Yash Mehta Next Steps • Interview with astronauts and biomedical/space medicine professionals working within next genera@on of human health monitoring for space travel – Specifica@on of design requirements and constraints – Iden@fica@on of COTS / non-COTS technical solu@ons – Integra@on with the government requirements – Concept genera@on, prototype, test in Human Space Flight lab using human subjects and IVA suit