ORGANIC CONTAINER GARDENING
Organic container gardening is an environmentally safe way to grow fruits, vegetables and other plants in containers. It represents gardening in containers using organic ingredients. In other words, a plant is grown using natural or organic fertilizers to make good soil. It acts as a plant lifeline when all this is done in containers; hence it is called container gardening. Gardening uses seed fertilizer and soil to grow a plant in a container or garden.
Container gardening is ideal for those with only a small space for their plants. The main focus on containers for organic gardening is to choose something completely free of pesticides, herbs, fungicides, or synthetic chemicals.
PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CONTAINER GARDENING :
The principle of organic gardening is to improve the health of plants and the people who use them. But it also encourages using renewable resources that conserve soil, water and energy to improve the quality of the environment. Organic gardens can prevent toxins from contaminating plants when using containers. Safe container gardening means doing everything you can to avoid using containers that may contain chemicals that can get to your plants through the soil.
TYPES OF CONTAINER USED FOR CONTAINER GARDENING:
In organic container gardening, containers like terracotta, clay, plastic or wooden box.
1. TERRACOTTA OR CLAY:
It is used by most people as it looks beautiful and is a traditional way of planting. Both containers have good drainage holes for soil and plant growth.
2. PLASTIC CONTAINER:
Plastic is a reusable product found mainly in our homes. It is another method to grow a plant.
3.NATURAL STONE AND CONCRETE:
Natural stone containers like clay or terracotta are an attractive and safe option for organic gardening. However, stone utensils are fragile, so they may not be as durable as wooden or plastic utensils on the outside. Concrete is a safe container material, but it can be heavy, so it is not suitable for the plants you will need to rotate.
4. RECYCLED PLASTIC CONTAINERS:
The recycled plastic containers are light weight and durable and contribute to a healthy environment. Plastic is also cheaper and available in different colours, sizes and shapes.
5. WOODEN BOX:
Wooden boxes or trays are the best way to grow plants in large quantities. It gives the best results to grow food in a wooden pot as it can be kept out due to the large space.
VEGETABLES, FRUITS, HERBS GROWN IN ORGANIC CONTAINER GARDENING:
Vegetables :
Peppers, Baby Onion, Radishes, Peas, Mushroom, Bell Peppers, Beets, Carrots, Broccoli, Green Beans, Tomatoes.
Fruits :
Apples, Blackcurrants, Blue berries, Goose berries, Pears, Raspberries, Redcurrants, Strawberries, White currants.
Herbs :
Savory, Dill, Mint, Basil, Parsley, Chives, and Sweet Majoram.
STEPS IN ORGANIC CONTAINER GARDENING:
1. Selection of good soil.
2. Providing the plants with suitable Sunlight.
3. Selection of a suitable container.
4. Choosing proper organic
Plastic Free Living is an online homewares store that offers quality plastic-free alternatives to homewares, including drink and food storage, kitchen utensils.
Plastic Free Living is an online homewares store that offers quality plastic-free alternatives to homewares, including drink and food storage, kitchen utensils.
Aardoom Tuinontwerp & Design zorgt binnen de Aardoom Groep voor de realisatie van heldere adviezen en ontwerpplannen. De eerste stap in de planontwikkeling voor uw buitenruimte zet u zelf, door aan te geven hoe uw wensen er in essentie uitzien. Wilt u bestaande elementen geïntegreerd zien in een nieuw ontwerp, of moet de complete indeling over een andere boeg? U zegt het maar.
Organic Vegetable Gardening 101; by University of Pennsylvania
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Compost is simply decomposed organic material. The organic material can be plant material or animal matter. While composting may seem mysterious or complicated, it’s really a very simple and natural process that continuously occurs in nature, often without any assistance from mankind. If you’ve ever walked in the woods, you’ve experienced compost in its most natural setting. Both living plants and annual plants that die at the end of the season are consumed by animals of all sizes, from larger mammals, birds, and rodents to worms, insects, and microscopic organisms. The result of this natural cycle is compost, a combination of digested and undigested food that is left on the forest floor to create rich, usually soft, sweet-smelling soil. Backyard composting is the intentional and managed decomposition of organic materials for the production of compost, that magical soil enhancer that is fundamental to good gardening. Anyone can effectively manage the composting process.
Kitchen garden kit is available at Pioneer Agro industry. Grow bags of varies sizes for home gardening is available for sales. UV stabilized and recyclable grow bags, organuc manure, seeds, starter kit, vermi compost, cocopeat, neempowder, potting mix for kitchen gardening, terrace gardening are available.
Eco-Conscious Shipping - The Future of Compostable Mailing BagsNaturtrust
Naturtrust Compostable mailing bags are an innovative and sustainable alternative to traditional plastic mailers. These bags are designed to break down naturally, reducing waste and environmental impact.
Easy Reusing Tips to Help You Live Sustainably!Swag Cycle
Discover simple and effective ways to reduce waste and live sustainably with these reusing tips. Start making a positive impact on the environment today. For more details visit at https://www.swagcycle.net/is-recycling-good-for-the-environment/
What are the major principles of organic farming?One Organic
The best way to practice organic farming is to use products from EM technology. Also, using organic foods like some from the organic vegetable nursery order now! Visit here: https://bit.ly/2Ox9Dqg
69 .Kitchen gardening ( facts) A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Fo...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Provincial Project Director CMP II MINFAl Islamabad and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
The 4 finest mileages of buying growing bags for strawberries.RococoLankaPVTLTD
RIOCOCO offers completely sustainable and reusable growing bags for strawberries that assist to negate the use of chemical insecticides, and act as pest removal agents. More details please visit https://riococo.medium.com/the-4-finest-mileages-of-buying-growing-bags-for-strawberries-ab68637c9b7e
URBAN FARMING
Urban agriculture, urban farming, or urban gardening is the practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in or around urban areas. Urban agriculture also involves animal husbandry, aquaculture, agroforestry, urban beekeeping, and horticulture.
Urban farming includes a wide range of projects and activities relating to food production. Urban farming has the potential to feed communities and generate economic opportunities. Urban agriculture is popular for a variety of reasons including sustainability, affordability, health, and convenience.
TYPES OF URBAN AGRICULTURE
1. Backyard Gardens
This is cultivating food in the homeland. Its produce is mostly shared between friends, family, and neighbours as it typically leads to a harvest surplus. The food can be preserved and conserved as well. Backyard gardens benefit communities as neighbours can share each other’s backyard and use different farming methods leading to better yields.
2. Street landscaping
It is the landscaping of streets for various purposes, such as community gardens, that the local residents prefer to use for. Street landscaping makes the streets look beautiful but also purify the air and creates a clean atmosphere. As they are located primarily along the street, their added advantage is their ability to reduce urban runoff from storm water.
3. Forest gardening
This relates to the tradition of growing gardens within an urban forest. Forest planting is accomplished by the production of various crops, vegetables, and fruits in urban environments. Forests typically provide an atmosphere conducive to crop production, and for this purpose, they help preserve forests and can render deforestation a nonfactor in urban settings. Forest planting may also be part of afforestation activities, which enables trees to be planted as a step towards mitigating global warming in urban areas.
4. Greenhouses
This includes agricultural practice in greenhouses in residential, industrial, and public urban spaces. They need a considerable land area to be set up depending on the crops being planted. Greenhouses provide farmers with the opportunity to grow a crop throughout the year as they provide a regulated environment in which the crops can be exposed to the different conditions needed for production.
5. Rooftop gardens
Since urban areas have limited space, it doesn’t mean that they can’t practice agriculture. This is where space on the rooftop comes in because they can easily be used to grow vegetables, fruits, and herbs. The downside of rooftop gardens is that it can help to minimize urban heat island and enhance the air quality. Apart from these, gardens on the rooftop can be used to beautify leisure establishments.
6. Green walls
The green wall includes vegetation or food crops growing on a wall’s external or internal area. It does not take up much room as the system used helps to supply sufficient water to the food and it uses soil present on the walls. This is a good way to r
BIOINFORMATICS :
The term bioinformatics was coined by Paulien Hogeweg and Ben Hesper to describe “the study of informatic processes in biotic systems”.
DEFINITION :
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data. Or Bioinformatics is computer applications in biological sciences. Or Bioinformatics is the symbiotic relationship between computational and biological sciences.
As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines biology, computer science, information engineering, mathematics and statistics to analyze and interpret biological data.
The key areas of Bioinformatics include biological databases, sequence alignment, gene and promoter prediction, molecular phylogenetics, structural bioinformatics, genomics, and proteomics.
COMPONENTS OF BIOINFORMATICS :
The main components of Bioinformatics are as follows :
1. CREATION OF DATABASE : Allows the storage and management of biological data.
2. DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHMS AND STATISTICS : To determine relationships among the members of large data.
3. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF BIOLOGICAL DATA : Including DNA, RNA and protein sequences, protein structures, drug designing, molecular modelling, gene expression profiles and biochemical pathways.
GLOBAL IMPORTANCE OF BIOINFORMATICS :
The long sequences and enormous flow data in molecular biology becomes difficult to manage data by persons or by organisations. With the help of computers through internet and Intranet, sharing of data with others in organisation throughout the world is becoming routine. This helps in the research and makes it easier for scientists to download, analyse, compare and exchange information. Bioinformatics has applications in
1. Data base query tools.
2. Sequence analysis
3. Gene identification
4. Genome mapping and comparison
5. Structure prediction
6. Drug design and drug target identification.
THRUST AREAS OF BIOINFORMATICS :
1. Elicitation of DNA sequences from genetic material
2. Sequence annotation (ex. With information from experiments)
3. Understanding the control of gene expression ( i.e under what circumstances proteins are transcribed from DNA)
4. The relationship between the aminoacid sequence of proteins and their structure.
5. Drug design
6. Molecular modelling
7. Identification of genetic risk factors
8. Gene therapy
9. Genetic modification(productivity and quality ) of food crops and animals, etc.
10. Biological warfare, crime, etc.
11. Understanding evolution, comparative genomics.
Aardoom Tuinontwerp & Design zorgt binnen de Aardoom Groep voor de realisatie van heldere adviezen en ontwerpplannen. De eerste stap in de planontwikkeling voor uw buitenruimte zet u zelf, door aan te geven hoe uw wensen er in essentie uitzien. Wilt u bestaande elementen geïntegreerd zien in een nieuw ontwerp, of moet de complete indeling over een andere boeg? U zegt het maar.
Organic Vegetable Gardening 101; by University of Pennsylvania
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Compost is simply decomposed organic material. The organic material can be plant material or animal matter. While composting may seem mysterious or complicated, it’s really a very simple and natural process that continuously occurs in nature, often without any assistance from mankind. If you’ve ever walked in the woods, you’ve experienced compost in its most natural setting. Both living plants and annual plants that die at the end of the season are consumed by animals of all sizes, from larger mammals, birds, and rodents to worms, insects, and microscopic organisms. The result of this natural cycle is compost, a combination of digested and undigested food that is left on the forest floor to create rich, usually soft, sweet-smelling soil. Backyard composting is the intentional and managed decomposition of organic materials for the production of compost, that magical soil enhancer that is fundamental to good gardening. Anyone can effectively manage the composting process.
Kitchen garden kit is available at Pioneer Agro industry. Grow bags of varies sizes for home gardening is available for sales. UV stabilized and recyclable grow bags, organuc manure, seeds, starter kit, vermi compost, cocopeat, neempowder, potting mix for kitchen gardening, terrace gardening are available.
Eco-Conscious Shipping - The Future of Compostable Mailing BagsNaturtrust
Naturtrust Compostable mailing bags are an innovative and sustainable alternative to traditional plastic mailers. These bags are designed to break down naturally, reducing waste and environmental impact.
Easy Reusing Tips to Help You Live Sustainably!Swag Cycle
Discover simple and effective ways to reduce waste and live sustainably with these reusing tips. Start making a positive impact on the environment today. For more details visit at https://www.swagcycle.net/is-recycling-good-for-the-environment/
What are the major principles of organic farming?One Organic
The best way to practice organic farming is to use products from EM technology. Also, using organic foods like some from the organic vegetable nursery order now! Visit here: https://bit.ly/2Ox9Dqg
69 .Kitchen gardening ( facts) A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Fo...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Provincial Project Director CMP II MINFAl Islamabad and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
The 4 finest mileages of buying growing bags for strawberries.RococoLankaPVTLTD
RIOCOCO offers completely sustainable and reusable growing bags for strawberries that assist to negate the use of chemical insecticides, and act as pest removal agents. More details please visit https://riococo.medium.com/the-4-finest-mileages-of-buying-growing-bags-for-strawberries-ab68637c9b7e
URBAN FARMING
Urban agriculture, urban farming, or urban gardening is the practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in or around urban areas. Urban agriculture also involves animal husbandry, aquaculture, agroforestry, urban beekeeping, and horticulture.
Urban farming includes a wide range of projects and activities relating to food production. Urban farming has the potential to feed communities and generate economic opportunities. Urban agriculture is popular for a variety of reasons including sustainability, affordability, health, and convenience.
TYPES OF URBAN AGRICULTURE
1. Backyard Gardens
This is cultivating food in the homeland. Its produce is mostly shared between friends, family, and neighbours as it typically leads to a harvest surplus. The food can be preserved and conserved as well. Backyard gardens benefit communities as neighbours can share each other’s backyard and use different farming methods leading to better yields.
2. Street landscaping
It is the landscaping of streets for various purposes, such as community gardens, that the local residents prefer to use for. Street landscaping makes the streets look beautiful but also purify the air and creates a clean atmosphere. As they are located primarily along the street, their added advantage is their ability to reduce urban runoff from storm water.
3. Forest gardening
This relates to the tradition of growing gardens within an urban forest. Forest planting is accomplished by the production of various crops, vegetables, and fruits in urban environments. Forests typically provide an atmosphere conducive to crop production, and for this purpose, they help preserve forests and can render deforestation a nonfactor in urban settings. Forest planting may also be part of afforestation activities, which enables trees to be planted as a step towards mitigating global warming in urban areas.
4. Greenhouses
This includes agricultural practice in greenhouses in residential, industrial, and public urban spaces. They need a considerable land area to be set up depending on the crops being planted. Greenhouses provide farmers with the opportunity to grow a crop throughout the year as they provide a regulated environment in which the crops can be exposed to the different conditions needed for production.
5. Rooftop gardens
Since urban areas have limited space, it doesn’t mean that they can’t practice agriculture. This is where space on the rooftop comes in because they can easily be used to grow vegetables, fruits, and herbs. The downside of rooftop gardens is that it can help to minimize urban heat island and enhance the air quality. Apart from these, gardens on the rooftop can be used to beautify leisure establishments.
6. Green walls
The green wall includes vegetation or food crops growing on a wall’s external or internal area. It does not take up much room as the system used helps to supply sufficient water to the food and it uses soil present on the walls. This is a good way to r
BIOINFORMATICS :
The term bioinformatics was coined by Paulien Hogeweg and Ben Hesper to describe “the study of informatic processes in biotic systems”.
DEFINITION :
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data. Or Bioinformatics is computer applications in biological sciences. Or Bioinformatics is the symbiotic relationship between computational and biological sciences.
As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines biology, computer science, information engineering, mathematics and statistics to analyze and interpret biological data.
The key areas of Bioinformatics include biological databases, sequence alignment, gene and promoter prediction, molecular phylogenetics, structural bioinformatics, genomics, and proteomics.
COMPONENTS OF BIOINFORMATICS :
The main components of Bioinformatics are as follows :
1. CREATION OF DATABASE : Allows the storage and management of biological data.
2. DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHMS AND STATISTICS : To determine relationships among the members of large data.
3. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF BIOLOGICAL DATA : Including DNA, RNA and protein sequences, protein structures, drug designing, molecular modelling, gene expression profiles and biochemical pathways.
GLOBAL IMPORTANCE OF BIOINFORMATICS :
The long sequences and enormous flow data in molecular biology becomes difficult to manage data by persons or by organisations. With the help of computers through internet and Intranet, sharing of data with others in organisation throughout the world is becoming routine. This helps in the research and makes it easier for scientists to download, analyse, compare and exchange information. Bioinformatics has applications in
1. Data base query tools.
2. Sequence analysis
3. Gene identification
4. Genome mapping and comparison
5. Structure prediction
6. Drug design and drug target identification.
THRUST AREAS OF BIOINFORMATICS :
1. Elicitation of DNA sequences from genetic material
2. Sequence annotation (ex. With information from experiments)
3. Understanding the control of gene expression ( i.e under what circumstances proteins are transcribed from DNA)
4. The relationship between the aminoacid sequence of proteins and their structure.
5. Drug design
6. Molecular modelling
7. Identification of genetic risk factors
8. Gene therapy
9. Genetic modification(productivity and quality ) of food crops and animals, etc.
10. Biological warfare, crime, etc.
11. Understanding evolution, comparative genomics.
BIOLOGICAL DATABASES :
A biological database is a large, organized body of persistent data, usually associated with computerized software designed to update, query, and retrieve components of the data stored within the system.
The chief objective of the development of a database is to organize data in a set of structured records to enable easy retrieval of information.
Example. A few popular databases are GenBank from NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information), SwissProt from the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and PIR from the Protein Information Resource.
IMPORTANCE OF DATABASES :
1. Databases act as a store house of information.
2. Databases are used to store and organize data in such a way that information can be retrieved easily via a variety of search criteria.
3. It allows knowledge discovery, which refers to the identification of connections between pieces of information that were not known when the information was first entered. This facilitates the discovery of new biological insights from raw data.
4. Secondary databases have become the molecular biologist’s reference library over the past decade or so, providing a wealth of information on just about any gene or gene product that has been investigated by the research community.
5. It helps to solve cases where many users want to access the same entries of data.
6. Allows the indexing of data.
7. It helps to remove redundancy of data.
TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES:
Biological databases are classified on
1. Based on content of biological data
2. Based on the nature of data.
1. BASED ON CONTENT OF BIOLOGICAL DATA :
Based on their contents, biological databases can be roughly divided into two categories:
1. Primary databases
2. Secondary databases
GENOMICS
Genomics is the study of all genes in an organism, also known as its genome. Genomics includes identifying the specific building blocks of all the genes in a cell, mapping their location in relation to the rest of the DNA, and studying the function of those genes or combination of those genes.
Types of Genomics :
1. Structural Genomics
2. Comparative Genomics
3.Functional Genomics
4. Epigenomics
5. Metagenomics
6. Pharmacogenomics
7. Mutation Genomics.
PROTEOMICS : (PROTEin in complement to genOME)
Proteomics is the study of proteome [Proteome is a protein molecule that interacts to give the cell its individual character]. Proteomics is a subset of functional genomics.
The proteome of a cell is all the proteins expressed by its genome. The proteome is of intense interest to investigators because proteins are the major functional components of the cell.
Proteomics is the study of proteins in order to revolutionize the understanding of cell behaviour and disease.
1. It studies the translation of process of RNA into proteins as well as the overall process of DNA into proteins.
2. It studies the diseases through proteins because disease process manifest themselves at the level of protein activity.
3. Most drugs act by targeting proteins or protein receptors, so Proteomics is important in new generation of drugs.
4. Proteins are more complex than genes because they can be modified after formation.
5. Proteomics is the qualitative and quantitative comparison of proteomes under different conditions to further unravel biological processes.
6. Proteomics can use analysis techniques to determine all of the post translational modifications that proteins undergo and therefore determine what makes a diseased or mutant protein different from a normal protein.
Proteins are fundamental components of all living cells. Proteins help us digest our food, fight infections, control body chemistry, keep our bodies function smoothly. Identifying a proteins’ shape or structure is key to understanding its biological function and its role in health and disease.
It is possible to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships (ancestral relationships) among the genes and organisms. This involves creating a branching structure, termed phylogeny or tree that determines the relationships between sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of a family of related nucleic acid or protein sequences is a determination of how the family might have been derived during evolution. Placing the sequences as outer branches on a tree represents the evolutionary relationships. Two sequences that are much alike will be located as neighbouring outside branches and would be joined to a common branch beneath them.
Phylogenetic tree is a 2- dimensional graph showing the evolutionary relationship among the organisms.
The tree is composed of nodes [ where branches bifurcate] representing the taxa and branches representing the relationships among the taxa.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
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This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
2. ORGANIC CONTAINER GARDENING
Organic container gardening is an environmentally safe way to grow
fruits, vegetables and other plants in containers.
It represents gardening in containers using organic ingredients.
In other words, a plant is grown using natural or organic fertilizers to
make good soil.
3. ORGANIC CONTAINER GARDENING
It acts as a plant lifeline when all this is done in containers; hence it is
called container gardening.
Gardening uses seed fertilizer and soil to grow a plant in a container or
garden.
Container gardening is ideal for those with only a small space for their
plants. The main focus on containers for organic gardening is to choose
something completely free of pesticides, herbs, fungicides, or synthetic
chemicals.
4. PRINCIPLE OF ORGANIC CONTAINER
GARDENING
The principle of organic gardening is to improve the health of plants and
the people who use them.
But it also encourages using renewable resources that conserve soil, water
and energy to improve the quality of the environment.
5. TYPES OF CONTAINER IN CONTAINER
GARDENING
1. TERRACOTA OR CLAY
2. PLASTIC CONTINER
3. NATURAL STONE AND CONCRETE
4. RECYCLED PLASTIC CONTAINERS
5. WOODEN BOX
6. TYPES OF CONTAINER IN CONTAINER
GARDENING
1. TERRACOTTA OR CLAY:
It is used by most people as it looks beautiful and is a traditional way of
planting. Both containers have good drainage holes for soil and plant
growth.
2. PLASTIC CONTAINER:
Plastic is a reusable product found mainly in our homes. It is another
method to grow a plant.
7. TYPES OF CONTAINER IN CONTAINER
GARDENING
3.NATURAL STONE AND CONCRETE:
Natural stone containers like clay or terracotta are an attractive and safe
option for organic gardening. However, stone utensils are fragile, so they
may not be as durable as wooden or plastic utensils on the outside. Concrete
is a safe container material, but it can be heavy, so it is not suitable for the
plants you will need to rotate.
8. TYPES OF CONTAINER IN CONTAINER
GARDENING
4. RECYCLED PLASTIC CONTAINERS:
The recycled plastic containers are light weight and durable and contribute to a
healthy environment. Plastic is also cheaper and available in different colours, sizes
and shapes.
5. WOODEN BOX:
Wooden boxes or trays are the best way to grow plants in large quantities. It gives
the best results to grow food in a wooden pot as it can be kept out due to the large
space.
9. PLANTS GROWN IN ORGANIC
CONTAINER GARDENING
Vegetables :
Peppers, Baby Onion, Radishes, Peas, Mushroom, Bell Peppers, Beets,
Carrots, Broccoli, Green Beans, Tomatoes.
Fruits :
Apples, Blackcurrants, Blue berries, Goose berries, Pears, Raspberries,
Redcurrants, Strawberries, White currants.
Herbs :
Savory, Dill, Mint, Basil, Parsley, Chives, and Sweet Majoram.
10. STEPS IN ORGANIC CONTAINER
GARDENING
1. Selection of good soil.
2. Providing the plants with suitable Sunlight.
3. Selection of a suitable container.
4. Choosing proper organic planting medium.
5. Plant the seeds or seedlings according to the instructions.
6. Feed the plants.
7. Fertilize the plants with chemical free fertilizers.
8.Water the container garden plants.
11. BENEFITS OF ORGANIC CONTAINER
GARDENING
1.No yard required.
2. Anyone can do it.
3. It is relatively inexpensive to start and maintain.
4. No digging or tilling is required.
5. Containers can be placed and put in virtually any desired location.
12. BENEFITS OF ORGANIC CONTAINER
GARDENING
6. It has better control of growing conditions.
7. Edible Herbs and vegetables can be grown.
8. It saves space and is cheap.
9. More varieties can grown.
