A biography is a story of someone's life written by another person from a second or third person perspective, using facts and interpretation to present who the subject was and how they influenced the world. An autobiography differs in that it is written by the subject about their own life experiences from a first person perspective without outside influence on the story. Biographers research materials like diaries and letters to present an objective but not always perfectly balanced account, while an autobiography allows one to share their life story from their own point of view.
Year 11 English Wk 1 - Introduction to AO3.pptxGbenga Atonigba
This document provides an overview of Assessment Objective 03 which explores links between writers' ideas and perspectives and how they are conveyed. It begins with starter questions about fiction and non-fiction texts and perspectives of writers. It then defines fiction and non-fiction, noting that non-fiction accounts can be questioned for accuracy depending on genre and author perspective. Examples of non-fiction genres are given along with notes on how author perspective and potential for bias must be considered when analyzing non-fiction works. Factors influencing writer perspective are outlined. The document concludes with examples showing how story details and emphasis can differ based on perspective.
Year 11 English Wk 1 - Introduction to AO3.pptxGbenga Atonigba
This document provides an overview of Assessment Objective 03 which explores links between writers' ideas and perspectives and how they are conveyed. It begins with starter questions about fiction and non-fiction texts and perspectives of writers. It then defines fiction and non-fiction, noting that non-fiction accounts can be questioned for accuracy depending on genre and author perspective. Examples of non-fiction genres are given along with notes on how author perspective and potential for bias must be considered when analyzing non-fiction works. Factors influencing writer perspective are outlined. The document concludes with examples showing how story details and emphasis can differ based on perspective.
This document discusses different types of non-fiction texts that describe a person's life, including biographies, autobiographies, articles, and documentaries. Biographies are written about a person by someone else, while autobiographies are written by the subject themselves. Both biographies and autobiographies provide detailed chronological accounts of a person's life. Articles and documentaries can be written by anyone and do not require consent, while biographies and autobiographies require the subject's permission. Famous examples of both biographies and autobiographies are provided.
This document defines biography and its relationship to historical fiction. It discusses the different approaches to writing biography, including authentic, fictionalized, and biographical fiction. It also outlines different forms of biography based on how much of the subject's life is covered, such as complete, partial, or collective biographies. Finally, it evaluates important elements of biographical writing like subject, accuracy, balance, style, and theme. It also notes some special characteristics of autobiography compared to biography.
Feature writing differs from hard news in its purpose and how readers react. The purpose of hard news is to inform readers of outcomes, while feature writing aims to evoke emotion by telling narratives. Readers of hard news immediately know the outcome and are informed, whereas feature writing readers are entertained as the story unfolds. Feature writing uses descriptive details and quotes to draw readers into stories about people and their experiences.
A biography is a story of someone's life written by another person from a second or third person perspective, using facts and interpretation to present who the subject was and how they influenced the world. An autobiography differs in that it is written by the subject about their own life experiences from a first person perspective without outside influence on the story. Biographers research materials like diaries and letters to present an objective but not always perfectly balanced account, while an autobiography allows one to share their life story from their own point of view.
Year 11 English Wk 1 - Introduction to AO3.pptxGbenga Atonigba
This document provides an overview of Assessment Objective 03 which explores links between writers' ideas and perspectives and how they are conveyed. It begins with starter questions about fiction and non-fiction texts and perspectives of writers. It then defines fiction and non-fiction, noting that non-fiction accounts can be questioned for accuracy depending on genre and author perspective. Examples of non-fiction genres are given along with notes on how author perspective and potential for bias must be considered when analyzing non-fiction works. Factors influencing writer perspective are outlined. The document concludes with examples showing how story details and emphasis can differ based on perspective.
Year 11 English Wk 1 - Introduction to AO3.pptxGbenga Atonigba
This document provides an overview of Assessment Objective 03 which explores links between writers' ideas and perspectives and how they are conveyed. It begins with starter questions about fiction and non-fiction texts and perspectives of writers. It then defines fiction and non-fiction, noting that non-fiction accounts can be questioned for accuracy depending on genre and author perspective. Examples of non-fiction genres are given along with notes on how author perspective and potential for bias must be considered when analyzing non-fiction works. Factors influencing writer perspective are outlined. The document concludes with examples showing how story details and emphasis can differ based on perspective.
This document discusses different types of non-fiction texts that describe a person's life, including biographies, autobiographies, articles, and documentaries. Biographies are written about a person by someone else, while autobiographies are written by the subject themselves. Both biographies and autobiographies provide detailed chronological accounts of a person's life. Articles and documentaries can be written by anyone and do not require consent, while biographies and autobiographies require the subject's permission. Famous examples of both biographies and autobiographies are provided.
This document defines biography and its relationship to historical fiction. It discusses the different approaches to writing biography, including authentic, fictionalized, and biographical fiction. It also outlines different forms of biography based on how much of the subject's life is covered, such as complete, partial, or collective biographies. Finally, it evaluates important elements of biographical writing like subject, accuracy, balance, style, and theme. It also notes some special characteristics of autobiography compared to biography.
Feature writing differs from hard news in its purpose and how readers react. The purpose of hard news is to inform readers of outcomes, while feature writing aims to evoke emotion by telling narratives. Readers of hard news immediately know the outcome and are informed, whereas feature writing readers are entertained as the story unfolds. Feature writing uses descriptive details and quotes to draw readers into stories about people and their experiences.
This document provides instructions for writing a biography. It explains that a biography analyzes and interprets the events of someone's life as written by another person. It recommends beginning with an introduction that names the subject and provides basic facts like their birthdate. The body should highlight important events in chronological order using primary and secondary sources. The conclusion should explain the subject's impact and legacy. Proper formatting, accurate facts, precise writing in past tense are important.
This document provides guidance on writing a biographical narrative essay. It discusses choosing a subject to write about and researching their life, including important dates and accomplishments. It emphasizes starting the essay in an engaging way to capture the reader's interest. The document also suggests considering how a subject's personality was shaped by their childhood or key events in their life. Finally, it offers tips on organizing, drafting, and revising the essay to effectively communicate the subject's life and impact.
The document discusses the biographical approach to literary criticism. It involves analyzing a work based on details of the author's life from sources like autobiographies and letters. Critics examine events, people, and settings in the author's life to identify influences in their works, though fictional works may differ substantially from real events. While it works for explicitly political or biographical works, it risks reducing art to just biography. It also emerged in the 19th century but lost popularity after arguments that the author's intent is less important than the reader's interpretation. However, an author's biography can sometimes provide useful context to understand references in their works. The document provides questions critics may ask about an author's life and influences related to their works.
This document defines and provides examples of different forms of creative nonfiction, including autobiography, biography, memoir, reflective essay, and exposition. It discusses the key characteristics of each form. For example, it states that an autobiography is a self-written life story, while a biography is the life story of another person written by someone else. It provides examples of each form. The document is intended to teach students about different types of creative nonfiction writing.
The document discusses the definitions of history and fiction according to The Macquarie Dictionary. It notes that while history deals with establishing facts about past events, fiction involves imaginative narratives. The document then asks the reader to consider features common to both genres as well as debates around whether history can be considered an art with elements of fiction.
This document provides an overview of the meaning and study of history. It defines history as the study of past events and changes among humanity based on investigations into written and archaeological records. The document outlines the differences between factual and speculative history, and discusses primary and secondary sources as well as the processes of external and internal criticism historians use to evaluate the credibility and authenticity of sources.
Biography and autobiography in social sciencesNaeem Tahir
Contents:
Biography and autobiography
Rules for writing auto/biography
What is Biography?
Salient features of biography
What is Autobiography?
Salient features of autobiography
Difference between biography and autobiography
Comparative view of biography and autobiography
Conclusion
This document provides an overview of biography, autobiography, and memoir as nonfiction genres. It discusses key elements of each: biographies tell the story of a real person's life and their relation to historical events, autobiographies are written by the subject of the book about their own life, and memoirs select moments from the author's life to illustrate a theme. The document provides examples of books in each genre and evaluates factors like accurately depicting settings, blending facts with story, and portraying subjects as multidimensional. It notes that memoirs are less grounded in facts than autobiographies and rely more on memory and interpretation.
This form of research focuses on the researcher’s own life-history, involves writing in the narrative first person voice, and can give unique insights into the social and cultural forces shaping his/her own practice. Autobiographical research can be part of a multi-method participant-observation study, helping the researcher to deal with his/her own biases prior to interpreting and representing the perspectives of other participants.
This document provides an overview of key concepts for understanding history and conducting historical research. It defines history as the sum of recorded events from the past. There are three main approaches to studying history: idealism focuses on ideas and intent, historicism respects the context of the past, and relativism believes all views are valid. Studying history benefits individuals by nurturing identity and skills, communities by supporting culture and economic growth, and the future by inspiring leadership and engaged citizens. Primary sources provide first-hand information while secondary sources interpret primary sources and tertiary sources report on secondary sources. The document outlines principles for evaluating the reliability of sources and determining the historical significance of events and developments.
Nonfiction is a genre of literature that presents factual information about real people, places, events, ideas or concepts. The document discusses different types of nonfiction writing such as essays, biographies, histories, diaries, letters, scientific reports and informative articles. It also provides examples of different types of essays including narrative, descriptive, expository and persuasive essays. The document concludes by offering tips for effectively reading nonfiction texts, such as previewing the text, identifying the writer's purpose and evaluating whether the text is objective or subjective.
Nonfiction can include factual writing such as newspaper articles, instructions, and encyclopedia entries. The document discusses five main types of nonfiction: autobiography, biography, essay, informative article, and interview. An autobiography is a person's story of their own life written in first person. A biography is someone else's story of another person's life, written in third person. Essays can be expository, persuasive, or personal. Informative articles and interviews provide facts about subjects.
A biography tells the story of a real person's life from birth to death or present day. It includes key life events and seeks to create a well-rounded description of the subject by exploring their childhood, relationships, successes and failures. Biographies can be about contemporary or historical figures, famous people or unsung heroes, as well as groups of people. The type of biography depends on whether it is about a living or deceased person, a historical figure, group, autobiography or memoir. All biographies aim to present an accurate account of a subject's life in the context of their times.
This document summarizes Meg Harris Williams' article on psychoanalytic autobiography. The summary discusses three key points:
1) Psychoanalytic autobiography aims to depict the essence of a personality over time through vivid depictions of external events and interior self-observation. It is a process of actively remaking one's present life through exploring the past.
2) Psychoanalytic autobiography shares affinities with psychoanalysis, including a transference relationship with readers, a focus on childhood/family, and principles of personality development. It involves simultaneous observation of present remembering and past life in memory.
3) Autobiographers seek "aesthetic" and "psychoanalytic" truths through imagination rather than
ENG 102DiOrioNovember 1, 2014Profile AssignmentAssig.docxYASHU40
ENG 102
DiOrio
November 1, 2014
Profile Assignment
Assignment:
Write an essay of 3 pages about a classmate, introducing readers to specific beliefs and values that shape and influence their sbuject. Observe your subject closely, and then present what you have learned in a way that both informs and engages readers.
Due: Monday, November 17, 2014
Basic Information:
Magazines and newspapers are filled with profiles. Unlike conventional news stories, which report current events, profiles tell about people, places, and activities. Some profiles take us behind the scenes of familiar places, giving us a glimpse of their inner workings. Others introduce us to the exotic—peculiar hobbies, unusual professions, bizarre personalities. Still others probe the social, political, and moral significance of our institutions.
Profiles share many features with autobiography, such as narrative, anecdote, description, and dialogue. Yet profiles differ significantly from autobiography. Whereas an autobiographer reflects on a remembered personal experience, a profile writer synthesizes and presents newly acquired observations. In writing a profile, you practice the field research methods of interviewing and notetaking, commonly used by investigative reporters, social scientists, and naturalists. You also learn to analyze and synthesize the information you have collected.
A profile is a special kind of research project. Profiles always involve visits: meeting with a person or going to a place. Profile writers take notes from observations and interviews.
.
Profile Essays:
· Are based on a writer’s newly acquired observations through interviews and notetaking.
· Introduce readers to specific insight to people.
· Provide information while at the same time arousing readers’ curiosity.
· Present scenes and people vividly and concretely through description, action, and dialogue.
· Reveal an attitude toward their subjects and offer—implicitly or explicitly—an interpretation of them.
· Create a dominant impression of the subject.
Purpose and Audience Considerations:
A profile writer’s primary purpose is to inform readers. Readers expect profiles to present information in an engaging way, however. Whether profiling people, places, or activities, the writer must meet these expectations. Although a reader might learn as much about a subject from an encyclopedia entry, reading the profile is sure to be more enjoyable.
Readers of profiles expect to be surprised by unusual subjects. If the subject is familiar, they expect it to be presented from an unusual perspective. When writing a profile, you will have an immediate advantage if your subject is a place, an activity, or a person that is likely to surprise and intrigue your readers. Even if your subject is very familiar, however, you can still engage your readers by presenting it in a way they had never before considered.
A profile writer has one further concern: to be sensitive to readers’ knowledge ...
The document discusses different types of features, editorials, columns, and sports writing that may appear in newspapers and magazines. It describes news features, informative features, personality sketches, and human interest stories. It also outlines different types of editorials, including those of information, interpretation, criticism, and argumentation. Various column types are explained such as essay columns, diary columns, advice columns, specialized columns, and commentary/criticism columns. Sports writing is also briefly discussed.
The document provides instructions and content for several writing activities. It includes directions for rearranging letters into words, writing ideas that come to mind for various concepts, summarizing guidelines for writing different genres such as autobiographies, biographies, blogs, personal narratives, and more. It also provides a rubric for assessing autobiographies.
David McCullough warns that not knowing history is like a "creeping disease" and that everything in modern society exists because of the hard work of those who came before. Historians explore the past to understand how people lived and the decisions they made, and to see how the past is linked to our present lives. Historians use primary sources like documents, artifacts, and eyewitness accounts as well as secondary sources like textbooks to learn about history. It is important to ask questions when studying history and use multiple sources to draw conclusions, just as detectives solve cases.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
More Related Content
Similar to BIOGRAPHY.pptx powerpoint presentation fo
This document provides instructions for writing a biography. It explains that a biography analyzes and interprets the events of someone's life as written by another person. It recommends beginning with an introduction that names the subject and provides basic facts like their birthdate. The body should highlight important events in chronological order using primary and secondary sources. The conclusion should explain the subject's impact and legacy. Proper formatting, accurate facts, precise writing in past tense are important.
This document provides guidance on writing a biographical narrative essay. It discusses choosing a subject to write about and researching their life, including important dates and accomplishments. It emphasizes starting the essay in an engaging way to capture the reader's interest. The document also suggests considering how a subject's personality was shaped by their childhood or key events in their life. Finally, it offers tips on organizing, drafting, and revising the essay to effectively communicate the subject's life and impact.
The document discusses the biographical approach to literary criticism. It involves analyzing a work based on details of the author's life from sources like autobiographies and letters. Critics examine events, people, and settings in the author's life to identify influences in their works, though fictional works may differ substantially from real events. While it works for explicitly political or biographical works, it risks reducing art to just biography. It also emerged in the 19th century but lost popularity after arguments that the author's intent is less important than the reader's interpretation. However, an author's biography can sometimes provide useful context to understand references in their works. The document provides questions critics may ask about an author's life and influences related to their works.
This document defines and provides examples of different forms of creative nonfiction, including autobiography, biography, memoir, reflective essay, and exposition. It discusses the key characteristics of each form. For example, it states that an autobiography is a self-written life story, while a biography is the life story of another person written by someone else. It provides examples of each form. The document is intended to teach students about different types of creative nonfiction writing.
The document discusses the definitions of history and fiction according to The Macquarie Dictionary. It notes that while history deals with establishing facts about past events, fiction involves imaginative narratives. The document then asks the reader to consider features common to both genres as well as debates around whether history can be considered an art with elements of fiction.
This document provides an overview of the meaning and study of history. It defines history as the study of past events and changes among humanity based on investigations into written and archaeological records. The document outlines the differences between factual and speculative history, and discusses primary and secondary sources as well as the processes of external and internal criticism historians use to evaluate the credibility and authenticity of sources.
Biography and autobiography in social sciencesNaeem Tahir
Contents:
Biography and autobiography
Rules for writing auto/biography
What is Biography?
Salient features of biography
What is Autobiography?
Salient features of autobiography
Difference between biography and autobiography
Comparative view of biography and autobiography
Conclusion
This document provides an overview of biography, autobiography, and memoir as nonfiction genres. It discusses key elements of each: biographies tell the story of a real person's life and their relation to historical events, autobiographies are written by the subject of the book about their own life, and memoirs select moments from the author's life to illustrate a theme. The document provides examples of books in each genre and evaluates factors like accurately depicting settings, blending facts with story, and portraying subjects as multidimensional. It notes that memoirs are less grounded in facts than autobiographies and rely more on memory and interpretation.
This form of research focuses on the researcher’s own life-history, involves writing in the narrative first person voice, and can give unique insights into the social and cultural forces shaping his/her own practice. Autobiographical research can be part of a multi-method participant-observation study, helping the researcher to deal with his/her own biases prior to interpreting and representing the perspectives of other participants.
This document provides an overview of key concepts for understanding history and conducting historical research. It defines history as the sum of recorded events from the past. There are three main approaches to studying history: idealism focuses on ideas and intent, historicism respects the context of the past, and relativism believes all views are valid. Studying history benefits individuals by nurturing identity and skills, communities by supporting culture and economic growth, and the future by inspiring leadership and engaged citizens. Primary sources provide first-hand information while secondary sources interpret primary sources and tertiary sources report on secondary sources. The document outlines principles for evaluating the reliability of sources and determining the historical significance of events and developments.
Nonfiction is a genre of literature that presents factual information about real people, places, events, ideas or concepts. The document discusses different types of nonfiction writing such as essays, biographies, histories, diaries, letters, scientific reports and informative articles. It also provides examples of different types of essays including narrative, descriptive, expository and persuasive essays. The document concludes by offering tips for effectively reading nonfiction texts, such as previewing the text, identifying the writer's purpose and evaluating whether the text is objective or subjective.
Nonfiction can include factual writing such as newspaper articles, instructions, and encyclopedia entries. The document discusses five main types of nonfiction: autobiography, biography, essay, informative article, and interview. An autobiography is a person's story of their own life written in first person. A biography is someone else's story of another person's life, written in third person. Essays can be expository, persuasive, or personal. Informative articles and interviews provide facts about subjects.
A biography tells the story of a real person's life from birth to death or present day. It includes key life events and seeks to create a well-rounded description of the subject by exploring their childhood, relationships, successes and failures. Biographies can be about contemporary or historical figures, famous people or unsung heroes, as well as groups of people. The type of biography depends on whether it is about a living or deceased person, a historical figure, group, autobiography or memoir. All biographies aim to present an accurate account of a subject's life in the context of their times.
This document summarizes Meg Harris Williams' article on psychoanalytic autobiography. The summary discusses three key points:
1) Psychoanalytic autobiography aims to depict the essence of a personality over time through vivid depictions of external events and interior self-observation. It is a process of actively remaking one's present life through exploring the past.
2) Psychoanalytic autobiography shares affinities with psychoanalysis, including a transference relationship with readers, a focus on childhood/family, and principles of personality development. It involves simultaneous observation of present remembering and past life in memory.
3) Autobiographers seek "aesthetic" and "psychoanalytic" truths through imagination rather than
ENG 102DiOrioNovember 1, 2014Profile AssignmentAssig.docxYASHU40
ENG 102
DiOrio
November 1, 2014
Profile Assignment
Assignment:
Write an essay of 3 pages about a classmate, introducing readers to specific beliefs and values that shape and influence their sbuject. Observe your subject closely, and then present what you have learned in a way that both informs and engages readers.
Due: Monday, November 17, 2014
Basic Information:
Magazines and newspapers are filled with profiles. Unlike conventional news stories, which report current events, profiles tell about people, places, and activities. Some profiles take us behind the scenes of familiar places, giving us a glimpse of their inner workings. Others introduce us to the exotic—peculiar hobbies, unusual professions, bizarre personalities. Still others probe the social, political, and moral significance of our institutions.
Profiles share many features with autobiography, such as narrative, anecdote, description, and dialogue. Yet profiles differ significantly from autobiography. Whereas an autobiographer reflects on a remembered personal experience, a profile writer synthesizes and presents newly acquired observations. In writing a profile, you practice the field research methods of interviewing and notetaking, commonly used by investigative reporters, social scientists, and naturalists. You also learn to analyze and synthesize the information you have collected.
A profile is a special kind of research project. Profiles always involve visits: meeting with a person or going to a place. Profile writers take notes from observations and interviews.
.
Profile Essays:
· Are based on a writer’s newly acquired observations through interviews and notetaking.
· Introduce readers to specific insight to people.
· Provide information while at the same time arousing readers’ curiosity.
· Present scenes and people vividly and concretely through description, action, and dialogue.
· Reveal an attitude toward their subjects and offer—implicitly or explicitly—an interpretation of them.
· Create a dominant impression of the subject.
Purpose and Audience Considerations:
A profile writer’s primary purpose is to inform readers. Readers expect profiles to present information in an engaging way, however. Whether profiling people, places, or activities, the writer must meet these expectations. Although a reader might learn as much about a subject from an encyclopedia entry, reading the profile is sure to be more enjoyable.
Readers of profiles expect to be surprised by unusual subjects. If the subject is familiar, they expect it to be presented from an unusual perspective. When writing a profile, you will have an immediate advantage if your subject is a place, an activity, or a person that is likely to surprise and intrigue your readers. Even if your subject is very familiar, however, you can still engage your readers by presenting it in a way they had never before considered.
A profile writer has one further concern: to be sensitive to readers’ knowledge ...
The document discusses different types of features, editorials, columns, and sports writing that may appear in newspapers and magazines. It describes news features, informative features, personality sketches, and human interest stories. It also outlines different types of editorials, including those of information, interpretation, criticism, and argumentation. Various column types are explained such as essay columns, diary columns, advice columns, specialized columns, and commentary/criticism columns. Sports writing is also briefly discussed.
The document provides instructions and content for several writing activities. It includes directions for rearranging letters into words, writing ideas that come to mind for various concepts, summarizing guidelines for writing different genres such as autobiographies, biographies, blogs, personal narratives, and more. It also provides a rubric for assessing autobiographies.
David McCullough warns that not knowing history is like a "creeping disease" and that everything in modern society exists because of the hard work of those who came before. Historians explore the past to understand how people lived and the decisions they made, and to see how the past is linked to our present lives. Historians use primary sources like documents, artifacts, and eyewitness accounts as well as secondary sources like textbooks to learn about history. It is important to ask questions when studying history and use multiple sources to draw conclusions, just as detectives solve cases.
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This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
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𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Making of a Nation.
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Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
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2. A biography is the non-fiction, written history or
account of a person’s life. Biographies are
intended to give an objective portrayal of a
person, written in the third person. Biographers
collect information from the subject (if he/she is
available), acquaintances of the subject, or in
researching other sources such as reference
material, experts, records, diaries, interviews,
What is Biography?
3. Most biographers intend to present the
life story of a person and establish
the context of their story for the
reader, whether in terms of history
and/or the present day. In turn, the
reader can be reasonably assured that
the information presented about the
biographical subject is as true and
authentic as possible.
4. The word ‘biography’ means ‘life-writing’
the two halves of the word derive from
medieval Greek bios, ‘life’, and graphia,
‘writing’. Dictionary definitions give you
“the history of the lives of individual men,
as a branch of literature”, or “a written
record of the life of an individual”
ORIGIN OF BIOGRAPHY
5. As a literary device,
biography is important
because it allows readers to
learn about someone’s story
and history. This can be
enlightening, inspiring, and
meaningful in creating
6. Example of Biography
James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson
The biography that ushered in the modern era of true-life writing, The
Life of Samuel Johnson covered the entirety of its subject’s life, from
his birth to his status as England’s preeminent writer to his death.
Boswell was a personal acquaintance of Johnson, so he was able to draw
on voluminous amounts of personal conversations the two shared.
What also sets this biography apart is, because Boswell was a
contemporary of Johnson, readers see Johnson in the context of his
own time. He wasn’t some fabled figure that a biographer was writing
about centuries later; he was someone to whom the author had access,
and Boswell could see the real-world influence his subject had on life
before and to this present.
7. Types of Biographies
While all biographical works tell the lives of real people,
writers can present the information in several different ways.
1. Critical biography
- Critical biography discuss the relationship
between the subject’s life and the work they
produced or were involved in.
8. - critical biography aims at evaluating
the works as well as unfolding the life of
its subject, either by interweaving the
life in its consideration of the works or
else by devoting separate chapters to
the works. for example the biography
of Donald Trump by Martha
Brockenbrough
9. 2. Historical biography
- Historical biography put greater understanding on
how the subject’s life and contributions affected or
were affected by the times in which they lived.
3. Literary biography
- Literary biography concentrate almost exclusively on
writers and artists, blending a conventional narrative of
the historical facts of the subject’s life with an
exploration of how these facts impacted their creative
output.
10. 4. Reference biography
- Reference biography are more scholarly
writings, usually written by multiple authors and
covering multiple lives around a single topic. They
verify facts, provide background details, and
contribute supplemental information resources,
like bibliographies, glossaries, and historical
documents.
11. 5. Fictional biographies or biographical
novels
- Fictional biographies or biographical novels
incorporates creative license into the retelling
of a real person’s story by taking on the
structure and freedoms of a novel. The term
can also describe novels in which authors give
an abundance of background information on
their characters, to the extent that the novel
reads more like a biography than fiction.
12. Tips on How to Write a Biography
To write the story of a person’s life, you need to know
more than just the basic facts. A good biography delves
into what is really interesting about a person’s life
noteworthy achievements, moments of adversity, and
major turning points. The best biography can
encapsulate a subject’s entire life in an engaging way
and provide enough personal details to give the reader
an intimate look at their character. If you’re interested
in writing a biography, the following steps can get you
started:
13. I. Get permission.
- Once you’ve chosen the subject of the
biography, seek permission to write about their life.
While in some cases it may not be necessary (like if
the subject is a public figure or deceased), getting
permission will make the research portion of your
writing process much easier. If the subject is willing
to be biographied, they may provide significant
details about their own story up front that will help
make your writing about them more compelling.
14. II. Do your research.
- Regardless of how much you know about your
subject, an extensive amount of research is necessary
to paint a thorough picture of this person. If they’re a
historical figure, include information about the time
period they lived in and how it affected the way they
lived their life. Primary sources are firsthand
accounts of your subject’s life and tend to be the
most reliable sources. These can include journal
entries, emails, interviews, or memoirs.
15. - A primary source can also be any
other information the subject has
provided, such as a personal website,
Twitter bio, social media account or
professional bio. Secondary sources,
like magazines or documentaries, can
also be used if the information is proven
accurate.
16. III. Form your thesis.
- Your first paragraph or chapter should inform
the reader what they will learn about this person
from this biography. A thesis makes a declaration
about the subject twhich the rest of the
biography will provide relevant information to
support.
17. iv. Make a timeline.
- A biography usually structures the main
points of a person’s life in chronological order.
Knowing the order of key events before you
start writing can save you the hassle of having
to reorganize your whole story later.
18. V. Use flashbacks.
- While writing the text of your biography,
you may want to intercut between an
experience from your subject’s adult life and
one from their high school days. Using
flashbacks allows the author to introduce
relevant past information to the reader without
bogging them down with paragraphs of
background exposition.
19. vi. Include your thoughts.
- A biography isn’t just a transaction of facts. A
biographer can share their own feelings and opinions
on their subject’s life. If the subject did something
noteworthy, the author may include why they feel that
moment was significant, how it was affected by the
time period, and what it meant for society as a whole.
This will support why this person deserves to be
written about and keep the audience reading from the
first sentence to the last.
20. What Is the Purpose of a Biography?
- The purpose of a biography is to share the life of
another person with an audience. An author may
choose to write a biography because they find the
subject’s story to be interesting or to have themes
that apply to life today. Some authors choose to write
a biography due to a lack of information about an
interesting subject, or to update the public with facts
that an existing biography may have missed.
21. Biographical stories can be inspiring—
highlighting the achievements of a
particular figure, pointing out ways the
subject overcame hardship, giving the
readers a sense of encouragement.
Biographies can also serve as cautionary
tales, warning readers on who not to
become but overall inspiring readers with
a unique stories of other people.