Policy Analysis

1. Analysing Bioenergy Policy.
Ghana
LEWIS OWUSU BOADI
KELVIN OWUSU BOATENG

2. Presentation Outlines
• Introduction
• Implementation Bodies
• Policy Analysis
• Bioenergy used in Ghana
• Woodfuel
• Biofuel
• Policy Failures on Biofuel
• Dr. Kwame Nkrumah’s ideology
• Conclusion
• Recommendation

3. Introduction
• The supply of sustainable energy is
one of the main challenges that mankind will face
over the coming decades, particularly because of
the need to address climate change.
Bioenergy is renewable energy made available
from materials derived from biological sources.

4. Introduction cont…
Biomass

5. Introduction cont…
Biomass

6. Introduction cont…
Biomass
Industrial waste Municipal waste

7. Introduction cont…
• Historically, biomass has dominated
Ghana’s energy supply.
Biomass is largely used for cooking with
traditional technologies which are inefficient.
At the same time, the reliance on woodfuel
is accelerating the rate of decline of
Ghana’s forest resources.

8. Introduction cont…
• Ghana’s relatively productive crop-lands
hold the potential to produce crops that
can be converted into biofuel.
• Biofuel hold the potential to reduce
dependency on petroleum and
reductions in net Green House Gas (GHG)
Emissions.

9. Implementation Bodies
• Energy Commission(EC) -licensing biofuel production and export
• Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA) – Issuing permits for
biofuel feedstock cultivation.
• National Petroleum Authority (NPA) - Regulatory body for biofuel
supply. Licensing of refineries, transporters, distributors and retailers,
consumer protection issues and pricing.
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-Issuing permits for biofuel
feedstock cultivation.

10. Implementation Bodies Cont…
• Forestry Commission (FC) - Regulates, monitor and ensure that
feedstock for export charcoal come from wood residues and/or forest
plantations.
• Motor Traffic Unit (MTU) - Regulating vehicles conveying fuel to
conform to the appropriate regulation of the Road traffic act
• District and Municipal Assemblies: monitoring and evaluation,
capturing relevant data relating to the transportation of woodfuel
• Bulk Oil Storage and Transportation (BOST): strategic stocks and bulk
storage of biofuel.

11. Policy Analysis
• Analysing and evaluating the
bio energy policy of Ghana in terms of its ;
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Equity
Technical correctness
Ideological analysis of a leader’s point of view.

12. Bioenergy used in Ghana
1. Woodfuel
2. Biofuel
3. Energy from Biomass Waste
• The goal of Government regarding the policy is to
modernise and maximize the benefits of bioenergy
on a sustainable basis.

13. Woodfuel
• Consisting of firewood and charcoal
• It contributes about 60% of
total energy consumption in the country.

14. Woodfuel policy issues
(i) Sustainability of sources of supply
(ii) Production of efficient technologies for woodfuel production and
use
(iv) Efficiency in the transportation of woodfuel
(v) Improved packaging and marketing

15. FEED STOCK: Sustainable supply and
production of woodfuel
 Policy Objective
• To promote and ensure sound management
as well as expansion of the country’s natural forest
for sustainable supply of woodfuel.

16. ASSESING EFFECTIVENESS
• Now Timber concessionaires utilise forest
and sawmill off-cuts for woodfuel production.
• There is an enacted legislation to register and licence
all commercial woodfuel operators.

17. ASSESING EFEFECIENCY
• FSD and Agricultural Extension Units of Ministry of Food and
Agriculture are creating awareness
on the need for sustainable supply, production
and utilisation of woodfuel.
• Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and Community-Based
Organisations (CBOs)
are creating awareness for the development and management of
suitable woodfuel species.

18. EQUITY
• The DAs are liaising with traditional authorities
to educate and release land
to prospective individuals (especially women)
and groups for woodfuel woodlots
and plantation establishment

19. TECHNICAL CORRECTNESS
• Identifying and providing incentives
for the development of woodlots in
savannah and transitional zone

20. TECHNOLOGY: EFFICIENT CONVERSION AND
UTILISATION OF WOODFUEL
Policy Issues
Improved charcoal making technology. (pilot
project)
1. High yields
Traditional charcoal- making technique
1. Inneficient and low yields

21. TECHNOLOGY EFFICIENT Cont…
Traditional woodfuel stove
1. Inneficient and lot of smoke
Improved charcoal stove
1. Efficient and smokeless

22. Policy Objective
• To introduce:
• New and innovative ways of producing
woodfuel more efficiently and cost effectively.
• More efficient but less expensive
woodfuel cook stoves.
• Capacity building for improved cookstoves manufactures.

23. EFFECTIVENESS
• Energy Commission is providing technical assistance
funding for programmes to transfer
improved carbonization.
• Liaising and coordinating with relevant
governmental and non-governmental agencies
to train artisans in the production of
improved stoves

24. EFFICIENCY
• Provide logistical support for the Agricultural Extension Officers
to expand technical assistance and the creation of awareness
on the adoption of improved carbonisation technologies
to charcoal producers.
EQUITY
• Creating public awareness on energy efficiency
and conservation practices and health impacts (especially on women)
in the use of woodfuel.

25. TECHNICAL CORRECTNESS
• Strengthen through technical assistance existing institutions
for testing and Certification of
improved production and end use technologies
for woodfuel.

26. Transportation
Policy issues
Old Vehicles
Overloading

27. EFFECTIVENESS
• EC is issuing conveyance permit to dealers and transporters of
commercial woodfuel.
• EC is collaborating with the
Motor Traffic Unit of the Ghana Police Service
to compel all vehicles conveying woodfuel
to conform to the appropriate regulations of the Road Traffic Act.

28. Biofouel
• Energy Security.
• Reduce oil import bill and save foreign exchange.
• Provide an avenue to reduce poverty and wealth creation through
employment generation.
• Increase export earning potential.
• Climate change mitigation

29. Policy Objectives
• To substitute national petroleum fuels consumption with biofuel
by 10% by 2020 and 20% by 2030.
• To remove institutional barriers in order to
promote private sector participation
in the biofuel industry.
• To improve the efficiency of production technologies

30. Policy Objectives cont…
• To, in the medium to long term
become a net-exporter of biofuel.
• To reduce carbon dioxide emission.

31. Policy strategy
• Promoting local consumption of biofuel and regulating export
• Use of damaged and waste agricultural produce for bioenergy
production
• Use of waste cooking fats and oil as biofuel feedstock
• • Promoting the advantages of using biofuel as fuel enhancer.

32. Policy strategy cont…
• NPA should promotes the dispensing of biofuel blend
to government vehicles, mass transportation
and generating sets
• Establishing storage and distribution facilities
• Building enough stock to meet demand

33. Policy Failures on Biofuel
63.5
64
64.5
65
65.5
66
66.5
67
2009.5 2010 2010.5 2011 2011.5 2012 2012.5 2013 2013.5
Total Petroleum Consumption (Thousand Barrels Per Day)
International Energy Statistics, 2015

34. Dr. Kwame Nkrumah’s ideology
• "...I have also recently directed the
Ghana Atomic Energy Commission
to investigate and expand research on the possibilities of
solar energy, which is already going on at the Kwame
Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.
In Africa we have no lack of sunlight, and the development of
solar energy should, in fact, be one of our main scientific
preoccupations..." (Nkrumah, 1964)

35. Dr. Kwame Nkrumah ideology Cont…
• Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, a generational thinker,
sees opportunities precisely when it comes to the energy sector
• Constructing clean energy like the Volta Hydro electricity and
promoting solar energy which falls under the clean energy
development will today promote:
bioenergy to secure the national energy on sustainable basis and
to mitigate climate change
Which will result in no ‘dum sor’ ‘dum sor’

36. Conclusion
• The bioenergy policy addresses issues on;
• Sustainability of sources of supply;
• Production of efficient technologies for woodfuel production and
use;
• Energy Security.
• Efficiency in the transportation of woodfuel

37. Recommendation
• Political commitment to promote biofuel
To attain 20% reduction of petroleum imports.
• Increase the use of infertile lands
to produce biofuel crops for food-fuel balance.

38. THANK YOU

39. References
• Energy Commission (2010). Bioenergy Policy for Ghana
• International Energy Statistics (2015). Ghana Total Petroleum
Consumption 1980-2013. (Assessed 02/04/17)
http://ghana.opendataforafrica.org/vgxscie/ghana-total-petroleum-
consumption-1980-2013
• Ghanaweb (2015). Ghanaweb Readers On Nkrumah’s Political Vision
and Solar Energy Prophecy. (Assessed 02/04/17)
http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Ghanaweb-
Readers-On-Nkrumah-s-Political-Vision-and-Solar-Energy-Prophecy-
382793