1. An ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic components that interact. Limiting factors like lack of resources can impact organisms and determine an ecosystem's carrying capacity. 2. Limiting factors include both biotic factors like food and competition, and abiotic factors like temperature, sunlight, and shelter. They limit population growth and distribution. 3. Human activities like pollution, deforestation, overexploitation of wildlife and coastal resources can cause ecological imbalance, threatening biodiversity. Air and water pollution degrade environments while deforestation and overfishing harm habitats.

1. 1

2. The Physical
Environment
and Population
in an Ecosystem
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4. Are we lucky in the Philippines?
Why do you think so?
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5. ECOSYSTEM
-is a community of organisms
interacting with the physical
environment. It has two (2)
components which include
biotic (living) and abiotic (non-
living) components.
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6. What will happen to the
organisms in an ecosystem, if
there are not enough non-
living components like water,
soil, sunlight, and air present?
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7. LIMITING FACTORS
-are usually expressed as a lack of a
particular resource. The factors can be
biotic or abiotic that affect an ecosystem
and the organisms in it
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8. Given inside the box are the limiting factors in our
environment. Your task is to write down the limiting
factors and determine its classification on the space
provided on its respective columns.
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10. LIMITING FACTOR
-is a resource or environmental condition which limits the growth,
distribution, or abundance of organisms within an ecosystem.
- can either be biotic or abiotic
BIOTIC LIMITING FACTORS ABIOTIC LIMITING FACTORS
food, mates, and competition with
other organisms for resources.
Space, temperature, shelter,
altitude, and amount of sunlight
available in an environment are
considered
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11. CARRYING CAPACITY
-refers to the maximum size of the population it
can support. If an organism, group, or population
does not have enough resources to sustain it,
individuals will die through starvation, or they
will fail to produce offspring.
-The limiting factors determine the carrying
capacity of a habitat.
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12. BIODIVERSITY
-is a compound word derived from
‘biological diversity’.
-It refers to the variety of life in the area.
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14. Which picture represents low biodiversity?
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15. •Many factors affect the loss of biodiversity.
•Low biodiversity can lead to species
extinction.
•habitat destruction, overexploitation,
environmental conditions like global
warming and climate change, pollution, and
competition due to limited resources.
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16. •When the population of a species decreases
rapidly, the species is considered THREATENED.
•A species is considered ENDANGERED when its
population is very low.
•EXTINCTION occurs when the last members of
that species die.
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17. EXAMPLES OF ENDANGERED AND
THREATENED SPECIES IN THE PHILIPPINES.
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18. Environmental
Issues
and
Concerns
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19. •Many human activities disturb the
balance in the ecosystem.
•Examples of these are pollution,
deforestation, wildlife depletion, and
destruction of coastal resources.
•All of these result in ecological
imbalance.
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20. ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCE
•happens when there is a
disturbance which is either
natural or man-made disturbance
that disrupts the balance of an
ecosystem.
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21. POLLUTION
•is the addition of contaminants or harmful
substances into a natural environment.
•These contaminants are considered
POLLUTANTS and can damage the
quality of the air we breathe and the water
we drink.
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22. TYPES OF POLLUTION
1.air pollution
2.water pollution
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23. 1. AIR POLLUTION
•happens when solid, liquid, and gas particles are
dispersed into the air. Both man-made and natural
activities contribute to air pollution.
• The burning of fossil fuels, exhaust from the vehicles
and factories, burning of plastics, and agricultural
activities are some of the man-made activities which
contribute to air pollution. Wildfires and volcanic
ashes are also sources of air pollutants.
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24. ACID RAIN
• Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emitted
by coal plants, factories, electric power generators, and
vehicles contribute to acid rain.
• These substances react with water molecules, oxygen, and
other chemicals in the atmosphere which produces acid.
• Acid rain cannot harm humans directly, but it is more
harmful to plants and other animals.
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25. 2. WATER POLLUTION
•occurs when harmful substances—
often chemicals or
microorganisms—contaminate a
stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or
other body of water, degrading
water quality and rendering it toxic
to humans or the environment.
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26. DEFORESTATION
•happens when forests are
cleared to make the land
available for other purposes. The
problem is, trees are continually
cut down, including the young
ones, without replacing it. 26

27. WILDLIFE DEPLETION
•Wildlife plays an important role in ecological
balance. Among the famous Philippine wildlife is
the monkey-eating eagle, which is now
considered critically endangered. Hunting and
trapping, taking animals for profit, killing them,
and destroying their habitats through
deforestation are ways on how human beings
harm or destroy wildlife species.
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28. DESTRUCTION OF COASTAL RESOURCES
Aside from pollution, overharvesting, the use of explosives
and chemicals, and the conversion of coastal areas into
resorts and residential areas greatly affect marine organisms
and their habitats. Overharvesting or overfishing happens
when people collect, capture, or harvest marine organisms
such as coral reefs, fish, sea turtles, and others in a large
quantity. On the other hand, dynamite fishing, cyanide
fishing, and muro-ami fishing as the known illegal fishing
methods used in the Philippines kill plenty of marine animals
and destroy coral reefs. 28