2. Introduction
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(https://www.pickheaters.com/Blog/Benefits-of-Industrial-Wastewater-Treatment-Using-Direct-Steam-Injection.htm)
3. Questions
1. What is Anaerobic Digestion (AD)?
2. What factors influence AD?
3. What AD process according to operational parameters?
4. What is the biochemical methane potential (BMP) test?
5. Why BMP test?
6. What factors influence the BMP test?
7. What the aims of BMP analysis studies?
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4. Answers 1…
• Anaerobic Digestion (AD) is a complex process in
which organic material is broken down by severa
l groups of microorganisms in the absence of ox
ygen and renewable energy biogas is generated
(Chen et al., 2008).
• Furthermore, AD is a sequential complex process
that involves several groups of microorganisms (
Amani et al., 2010).
• The degradation process can be simplified into a
4 steps: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis
and methanogenesis (Angelidaki et al., 1993; Ga
vala et al., 2003; Tiehm et al., 2001).
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5. 2023-12-09 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management 5
Answer 1…(cont.)
Anaerobic Digestion Pathway and The Microbiome Involved In Each Stages
Hydrolisis =>
Hydrolitic Bacteria
Acidogenesis =>
Acidogenic bacteria
Acetogenesis =>
Acetogenic Bacteria
Methanogenesis =>
Hydrogentrophic Archea
Acetoclastic Archea
Figure 2 : Gahlot, 2021
6. (Wang et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113208)
Main steps and metabolic pathways in AD (Kothari et al., 2014)
(1) Acetotrophic pathway, in which methane is produced from acetate;
(2) Hydrogenotrophic pathway, in which methane is produced by
reducing CO2 with H2 or formate as electron donors, and
(3) Methylotrophic pathway: in which methane is produced from methyl
groups (ex: methanol, methylamines and methyl sulfides)
The methanogenic reactions of the three pathways :
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7. Answer 2… Anaerobic digestion process according to operational parameters:
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8. Answers 3…
• The AD process is affected by several parameters that
might slow or inhibit the process if they are not main
tained within a certain range (Wang, 2016).
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9. Solid and Hazardous Waste Management 9
➢Temperature
➢pH
➢Alkalinity
➢Mixing
➢Inhibitory compounds
The factors that slow down or inhibit AD :
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10. Answers 4…
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The BMP test is a method of establishing a baseline for the performance of AD.
(Jingura, R. M., & Kamusoko, R. (2017).
The biochemical methane potential (BMP), often defined as the maximum volume
of methane produced per g of VS (Volatile Solid) substrate provides an indication
of the biodegradability of a substrate and its potential to produce methane via AD.
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11. Answer 5…
Why BMP → Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests are us
ed to determine the ultimate methane yield of organic substrat
es, providing an indication of its biodegradability and its poten
tial to produce methane via anaerobic digestion.
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12. Answer 5…(cont.)
BMP commonly used to :
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Establish a baseline to
evaluate performances of
full-scale anaerobic digesters;
Define anaerobic digester
operational parameters in
order to optimize methane
production;
Assess substrate quality and
predict methane production
by full-scale biogas plants;
Investigate the effect of pre-
treatment on methane
potential or production rate;
Evaluate the performance of
the biomass, for example,
the hydrolytic activity of the
inoculum;
Estimate residual methane
emission to the atmosphere
after digestion, by measuring
the residual BMP of
digestate
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13. Answers 6… BMP Influences by :
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Biochemical
Methane Potential
(BMP) Test
BMP Bottle
Environment
Temperature
Mixing
Incubation Time
BMP Bottle
Contents
Inoculum
Substrate
Nutrients
BMP Testing &
Monitoring
Biogas monitoring
Liquid monitoring
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15. 2023-12-09 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management 15
Calculation by Gompertz Equation Setting by SigmaPlot®13
f=p*exp(-exp(r/p*(x0-x)*exp(1)+1))
fit f to y
''fit f to y with weight reciprocal_y
''fit f to y with weight reciprocal_ysquar
x = col(1) ' {{prevmin: 0.000000}} {{prevmax: 10.000000}}
y = col(2)
reciprocal_y = 1/abs(y)
reciprocal_ysquare = 1/y^2
'Automatic Initial Parameter Estimate Functions
F(q)=ape(x,ln(-ln((y-min(y))/(max(y)-min(y)))),1,0,1)
p = max(y)-min(y) ''Auto {{previous: 103.678}}
r = -1/F(0)[2] ''Auto {{previous: 19.9081}}
x0 = -F(0)[1]/F(0)[2] ''Auto {{previous: 0.331199}}
p>0
x0>0
r>0
p<120 (max volume)
From personal documentation, 2022
16. Ex. Cumulative CH4 Yield Graph
and Result Kinetics
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Kang et al., 2019 (Biosource. Tech Journal)
Sample R2 Lag time (Xo)
(day)
Methane
Production
Rate (R)
(mL/day)
Expected
Cumulative
Methane
Production (P)
(mL)
Control 0.9944 0.51 7.34 58.94
GAC 0.9949 0.67 6.16 55.00
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17. Solid and Hazardous Waste Management 17
Answer 7…
The BMP
analysis
studies the
production
of biogas
from organic
wastes
mainly for:
I. Waste and
Wastewater
Treatments
a. Reduce sewage sludge,
b. Reduce industrial waste, or
c. Reduce agro-industrial waste
II. Renewable Energy
Productions
a. Energy from food sectors
b. Energy from organic waste disposal
c. Energy from agro-industrial sector
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